Hydrothermal Quartz Vein Formation, Revealed by Coupled SEM-CL Imaging and Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry: Shuteen Complex, South Gobi, Mongolia     

Bayaraa Batkhishig    Greg Bignall  Noriyoshi Tsuchiya 《Resource Geology》2005,55(1):1-8

Abstract. Scanning electron microscopy-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) imaging of vein quartz in the Cu-mineralised, Shuteen Complex (South Gobi, Mongolia) has revealed a complex history of crystal growth, dissolution and microfracture healing, associated with several hydrothermal events that could not be detected using other observational techniques (e.g. transmitted/reflected light microscopy, back-scattered electron imaging, or secondary electron imaging).
The quartz initially grew as CL-bright/grey crystals in a 345±30C liquid reservoir, as inferred by the analysis of primary liquid fluid inclusions (average Th of 343C; 6.6∼7.7 wt% NaCl_eq). Quartz precipitation occurred at the edge of the crystals as reservoir fluids cooled to 260±25C, as indicated by micron-scale CL-dark/CL-bright quartz growth bands containing abundant fluid inclusions (with an average T_h values of 261C). Pressure fluctuations were the likely cause of dissolution, as SEM-CL imaging reveals the quartz have corroded or rounded crystal edges, and precipitation of later quartz into open space. SEM-CL imaging shows the quartz contains healed microfractures that trapped low salinity fluids (3.9 wt% NaC1_eq) with Th values of 173±15C.
SEM-CL imaging provides a means of deciphering the thermal and chemical evolution of the fossil Shuteen hydrothermal system, and the nature of hydrothermal quartz vein-forming processes, by facilitating the correlation of distinct fluid inclusion populations and their relative chronology, with specific hydrothermal events.  相似文献   

Structural properties of (Mn1-x Fe x )Nb2O6 columbites from X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy     

S. C. Tarantino  M. Zema  F. Maglia  M. C. Domeneghetti  M. A. Carpenter 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(8-9):568-577

A suite of (Mn_1-x Fe _x )Nb₂O₆ (x=0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) columbite samples has been prepared by solid-state reaction from oxides. X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic investigations have been carried out in order to gain different perspectives on how the solid solution adapts at different length scales to cation mixing. X-ray powder diffraction and powder absorption IR spectroscopy data are presented. The powder diffraction data show that there is no significant excess volume of mixing on the Fe–Mn columbite join. All the unit-cell parameters decrease linearly as a function of increasing Fe content. Substitution of Fe²⁺ for the larger Mn²⁺ cation causes a decrease in the volume of the A polyhedron, which also becomes more regular with respect to both bond-length and edge-length distortion parameters. No significant variation of the B site has been observed. Wavenumber shifts of the IR peaks nearly all vary linearly with composition, consistent with linear variations of the lattice parameters. Line broadening has been quantified by autocorrelation analysis of the IR spectra. This is interpreted as suggesting that there is some element of local strain or positional disorder at the length scale of second or third nearest neighbours around sites occupied by Fe.  相似文献   

Mineralogy and geochemistry of a Late Permian coal in the Dafang Coalfield, Guizhou, China: influence from siliceous and iron-rich calcic hydrothermal fluids   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

Shifeng Dai  Chen-Lin Chou  Mei Yue  Kunli Luo  Deyi Ren   《International Journal of Coal Geology》2005,61(3-4):241-258

This paper describes the influence of siliceous and iron-rich calcic low-temperature hydrothermal fluids (LTHF) on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Late Permian No. 11 Coal (anthracitic, R_r=2.85%) in the Dafang Coalfield in northwestern Guizhou Province, China. The No. 11 Coal has high contents of vein ankerite (10.2 vol.%) and vein quartz (11.4 vol.%), with formation temperatures of 85 and 180 °C, respectively, indicating that vein ankerite and vein quartz were derived from low-temperature calcic and siliceous hydrothermal fluids in two epigenetic episodes. The vein quartz appears to have formed earlier than vein ankerite did, and at least three distinct stages of ankerite formation with different Ca/Sr and Fe/Mn ratios were observed.The two types of mineral veins are sources of different suites of major and trace metals. Scanning electron microscope and sequential extraction studies show that, in addition to Fe, Mg, and Ca, vein ankerite is the dominant source of Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the coal, and the contents of these five elements are as high as 0.09% and 74.0, 33.6, 185, and 289 μg/g, respectively. In contrast, vein quartz is the main carrier mineral for platinum-group elements (PGEs) Pd, Pt, and Ir in the coal, and the contents of Pd, Pt, and Ir are 1.57, 0.15, and 0.007 μg/g, respectively. Sequential extraction showed a high PGE content in the silicate fraction, up to 10.4 μg/g Pd, 1.23 μg/g Pt, and 0.05 μg/g Ir, respectively. It is concluded that the formation of ankerite and quartz and the anomalous enrichment of trace elements in the No. 11 Coal in the Dafang Coalfield, Guizhou, result from the influx of calcic and siliceous low-temperature hydrothermal fluids.  相似文献   

Fluid generation and evolution during exhumation of deeply subducted UHP continental crust: Petrogenesis of composite granite–quartz veins in the Sulu belt,China          下载免费PDF全文

S.‐J. Wang  L. Wang  M. Brown  P. M. Piccoli  T. E. Johnson  P. Feng  H. Deng  K. Kitajima  Y. Huang 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2017,35(6):601-629

Composite granite–quartz veins occur in retrogressed ultrahigh pressure (UHP) eclogite enclosed in gneiss at General's Hill in the central Sulu belt, eastern China. The granite in the veins has a high‐pressure (HP) mineral assemblage of dominantly quartz+phengite+allanite/epidote+garnet that yields pressures of 2.5–2.1 GPa (Si‐in‐phengite barometry) and temperatures of 850–780°C (Ti‐in‐zircon thermometry) at 2.5 GPa (~20°C lower at 2.1 GPa). Zircon overgrowths on inherited cores and new grains of zircon from both components of the composite veins crystallized at c. 221 Ma. This age overlaps the timing of HP retrograde recrystallization dated at 225–215 Ma from multiple localities in the Sulu belt, consistent with the HP conditions retrieved from the granite. The ε_Hf(t) values of new zircon from both components of the composite veins and the Sr–Nd isotope compositions of the granite consistently lie between values for gneiss and eclogite, whereas δ¹⁸O values of new zircon are similar in the veins and the crustal rocks. These data are consistent with zircon growth from a blended fluid generated internally within the gneiss and the eclogite, without any ingress of fluid from an external source. However, at the peak metamorphic pressure, which could have reached 7 GPa, the rocks were likely fluid absent. During initial exhumation under UHP conditions, exsolution of H₂O from nominally anhydrous minerals generated a grain boundary supercritical fluid in both gneiss and eclogite. As exhumation progressed, the volume of fluid increased allowing it to migrate by diffusing porous flow from grain boundaries into channels and drain from the dominant gneiss through the subordinate eclogite. This produced a blended fluid intermediate in its isotope composition between the two end‐members, as recorded by the composite veins. During exhumation from UHP (coesite) eclogite to HP (quartz) eclogite facies conditions, the supercritical fluid evolved by dissolution of the silicate mineral matrix, becoming increasingly solute‐rich, more ‘granitic’ and more viscous until it became trapped. As crystallization began by diffusive loss of H₂O to the host eclogite concomitant with ongoing exhumation of the crust, the trapped supercritical fluid intersected the solvus for the granite–H₂O system, allowing phase separation and formation of the composite granite–quartz veins. Subsequently, during the transition from HP eclogite to amphibolite facies conditions, minor phengite breakdown melting is recorded in both the granite and the gneiss by K‐feldspar+plagioclase+biotite aggregates located around phengite and by K‐feldspar veinlets along grain boundaries. Phase equilibria modelling of the granite indicates that this late‐stage melting records P–T conditions towards the end of the exhumation, with the subsolidus assemblage yielding 0.7–1.1 GPa at <670°C. Thus, the composite granite–quartz veins represent a rare example of a natural system recording how the fluid phase evolved during exhumation of continental crust. The successive availability of different fluid phases attending retrograde metamorphism from UHP eclogite to amphibolite facies conditions will affect the transport of trace elements through the continental crust and the role of these fluids as metasomatic agents interacting with the mantle wedge in the subduction channel.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary lake evolution in the Gaxun Nur basin,central Gobi Desert,China, based on quartz OSL and K‐feldspar pIRIR dating of paleoshorelines     

《第四纪科学杂志》2017,32(3):347-361

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Dating the onset of Lower Tagus River terrace formation using electron spin resonance          下载免费PDF全文

PIERLUIGI ROSINA  PIERRE VOINCHET  JEAN‐JACQUES BAHAIN  JORGE CRISTOVÃO  CHRISTOPHE FALGUÈRES 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(2):153-162

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Sedimentary evidence and luminescence and ESR dating of Early Pleistocene high lake levels of Megalake Tengger,northwestern China     

Fan Yuxin  Li Zhenjun  Yang Guangliang  Yi Shuangwen  Zhang Qingsong  Liu Wenhao  Mou Xuesong 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(8):994-1006

The timing of high lake-level stands during the Late Pleistocene in western China remains controversial. Here we report new results from Megalake Tengger based on a study of palaeo-shorelines and a drill core from Baijian Lake in the northwestern Tengger Desert. Multiple dating methods, based on luminescence signals (quartz optically stimulated luminescence, K-feldspar post infrared-infrared stimulated luminescence) and electron spin resonance signals of quartz, were used to date beach sands from palaeo-shoreline profiles at altitudes of ~1310 m (+20 m above lake level), ~1320 m (+30 m) and ~1350 m (+60 m), and from the top 20 m of sandy sediments from the drill core obtained from the modern beach of Baijian Lake. The dating results show that high lake-level stands associated with the previously reported Megalake Tengger (~1310–1320 m) occurred during the late Early to Middle Pleistocene, which is much earlier than previously reported. In addition, no geomorphological evidence of shorelines and sedimentary evidence from the drill core profile were found to support the previously reported Late Pleistocene lake levels. Our results indicate that the exact age of the previously reported ‘high lake level event’ in a large part of northwestern China during the Late Pleistocene needs to be re-evaluated.  相似文献   

风尘石英在物源示踪和古气候研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱潇  蒋富清 《海洋科学》2018,42(4):141-152

系统总结了近几十年来应用风尘石英的物理和化学特性(如粒度、形貌特征、电子自旋共振(ESR)信号强度、结晶度指数(CI)、含量和通量,以及δ~(18)O等)进行物源和古气候示踪等方面的研究进展,并分析了其中存在的问题。结果表明石英的这些指标具有稳定性,可以指示物源和古气候变化,对目前研究提出的问题和建议也对今后用风尘石英指示古气候变化的研究有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷中二叠统芦草沟组泥页岩层系SiO2赋存状态与成因     

刘国恒  黄志龙  郭小波  刘再振  高潇玉  陈常超  张成林  王昕 《地质学报》2016,90(6):1220-1235

为了弄清新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷芦草沟组泥页岩层系中SiO_2对储集层物性、脆性等特性的影响,通过全岩和黏土矿物X衍射、岩石力学性质、阴极发光、扫描电镜及电子能谱等实验手段对其中SiO_2的赋存状态进行了研究,初步探讨了SiO_2不同形态赋存的机理,并在此基础上探究了石英含量对储层的影响。研究表明:凝灰岩、泥页岩和粉砂质泥岩中二氧化硅多以非晶态形式存在。二氧化硅在凝灰岩中多呈不规则球粒状,而在泥页岩和粉砂质页岩中无固定形态。凝灰质泥岩、凝灰质白云岩和白云岩中二氧化硅呈现一定的晶体形态。在凝灰质泥岩中,二氧化硅以自生石英形态聚集呈条带状,在凝灰质白云岩中则以自生石英形态发育于孤立的孔、洞之中,而白云岩中二氧化硅只能生长成Opal-A/Opal-CT阶段。凝灰质成分及其脱玻化作用为自生石英的生长提供了二氧化硅和生长空间,是控制SiO_2赋存状态的根本因素。此外,储集层孔隙度、渗透率和抗压强度都与石英含量呈一定正相关性,泊松比则与其呈负相关性。  相似文献   

南京周家山下蜀黄土石英颗粒特征及其物源意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐洪阳  郑祥民  周立旻  任少芳  王小玉  玄晓娜 《沉积学报》2016,34(6):1176-1186

下蜀黄土的成因和物源一直是学术界研究的热点。对南京周家山下蜀黄土的石英粒度和石英表面微结构进行分析,结果显示:粉砂粒级石英颗粒（5~50 μm）占绝对优势;<20 μm组分平均含量为42.76%,<30 μm组分平均含量为62.98%;粒度分布曲线和累积曲线总体具有颗粒偏细,呈正偏态,分选较差,峰形尖锐,双峰曲线不对称的特征;粒级-标准偏差曲线呈“双峰”分布,两个明显的标准偏差峰值分别出现在7.962 1 μm和39.905 2 μm。石英颗粒表面形态主要以次棱角状为主;表面机械结构具有丰富的蝶形坑、曲脊、贝壳状断口,部分表面出现平行节理面、V形坑;不同粒级组分表面形态和机械结构特征存在差异。分析表明,南京周家山下蜀黄土属典型风成成因堆积物,是多源区物质高度混合搬运堆积的结果。  相似文献