Study on determination of stress level by seismic stress drops and the stress axis deflections before and after large earthquakes     

万永革 《地震学报(英文版)》2006,19(5):507-513

Introduction The study of tectonic stress field, a major branch of the Earth science, plays an important role in geodynamics. The world stress map plan started from 1980s and was leaded by Zoback. Lots of scientists from many countries participated this plan. The plan collected global tectonic stress measurements and research results and established global stress database. The world stress map was edited based on the global stress database. The world stress map reflected feature of global li…  相似文献   

Cohesive Crack Analysis of Toughness Increase Due to Confining Pressure     

Kazushi Sato  Toshiyuki Hashida 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(5-6):1059-1072

Apparent fracture toughness in Mode I of microcracking materials such as rocks under confining pressure is analyzed based on a cohesive crack model. In rocks, the apparent fracture toughness for crack propagation varies with the confining pressure. This study provides analytical solutions for the apparent fracture toughness using a cohesive crack model, which is a model for the fracture process zone. The problem analyzed in this study is a fluid-driven fracture of a two-dimensional crack with a cohesive zone under confining pressure. The size of the cohesive zone is assumed to be negligibly small in comparison to the crack length. The analyses are performed for two types of cohesive stress distribution, namely the constant cohesive stress (Dugdale model) and the linearly decreasing cohesive stress. Furthermore, the problem for a more general cohesive stress distribution is analyzed based on the fracture energy concept. The analytical solutions are confirmed by comparing them with the results of numerical computations performed using the body force method. The analytical solution suggests a substantial increase in the apparent fracture toughness due to increased confining pressures, even if the size of the fracture process zone is small.  相似文献   

Stress Sensitivity of Seismic and Electric Rock Properties of the Upper Continental Crust at the KTB     

Axel Kaselow  Katharina Becker  Serge A. Shapiro 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(5-6):1021-1029

We test the hypothesis that the general trend of P-wave and S-wave sonic log velocities and resistivity with depth in the pilot hole of the KTB site Germany, can be explained by the progressive closure of the compliant porosity with increasingly effective pressure. We introduce a quantity θ_c characterizing the stress sensitivity of the mentioned properties. An analysis of the downhole measurements showed that estimates of the quantitiy θ_c for seismic velocities and electrical formation factor of the in situ formation coincide. Moreover, this quantity is 3.5 to 4.5 times larger than the averaged stress sensitivity obtained from core samples. We conclude that the hypothesis mentioned above is consistent with both data sets. Moreover, since θ_c corresponds approximately to the inverse of the effective crack aspect ratio, larger in situ estimates of θ_c might reflect the influence of fractures and faults on the stress sensitivity of the crystalline formation in contrast to the stress sensitivity of the nearly intact core samples. Finally, because the stress sensitivity is directly related to the elastic nonlinearity we conclude that the elastic nonlinearity (i.e., deviation from linear stress-strain relationship i.e., Hooke's law) of the KTB rocks is significantly larger in situ than in the laboratory.  相似文献   

华北平原冬麦田土壤CH₄的吸收特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

张雪松  申双和  李俊  于强 《大气科学学报》2006,29(2):181-188

利用静态箱/气相色谱(GC)法,对华北平原冬小麦拔节-成熟期间麦田土壤CH₄气体通量进行了测定,得出华北平原典型冬麦田土壤是大气CH₄的弱吸收汇。试验期间土壤CH₄通量存在明显的季节变化和日变化,麦田拔节-成熟期间土壤CH₄通量日平均值为-18.3μg·m^-2·h^-1,波动范围为-4.3-24.4μg·m^-2·h^-1;在土壤CH₄通量的日变化中,观测到麦田土壤在午间和夜间都有一个吸收峰,峰值出现的时间因生育期不同而有所不同。试验期间CH₄通量日平均值与土壤温度关系不明显,而与土壤水分呈负相关(α=0.01);日变化中土壤CH₄通量与地表温度的相关性较差,而与5cm地温相关密切。麦田拔节-成熟期间土壤CH₄通量日平均值随NH4+-N施用量的增加呈递减规律,农田秸秆还田后不利于土壤对CH₄的吸收。  相似文献   

深圳两次大雾天气过程对比分析及预报启示   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

孙石阳谢小敏  张小丽 《广西气象》2006,27(2):8-10,51

2005年2月23-25日和2006年3月6日深圳分别出现了一次大雾天气。从天气学角度对两次大雾过程的形成原因、特点进行对比分析，分析表明：大雾天气需在一定的形势场中出现并维持，近地面层气象要素场的变化会促进大雾的形成、维持和消失，而近地面层风场或温度场的改变除了与其环境、当地气候特征有关外，与大的形势场是分不开的。通过对比，对深圳大雾天气的生消和维持机制有一定了解，对预报本地大雾天气有指示作用，也为其它地区特别是沿海地区雾的预报提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Inversion of coseismic stress-triggered fault slips using borehole strainmeter observations     

邱泽华  阚宝祥唐磊  张超凡宋茉 《地震学报(英文版)》2006,19(6):643-649

Coseismic stress-triggering is becoming a new hot spot of research. Coseismic strain steps recorded by borehole strainmeters are particularly valuable in studying coseismic stress-triggered fault slips. Based on the theory of dis location, one can invert the triggered fault slips with such data if he/she has a well understanding about the local faults. Genetic algorithm can be applied to significantly raise the efficiency of searching a best solution among all possibilities in this kind of inversion. A testifying check of the program and analyses of each parameter＇s influence may further enhance the reliability of inversion results. Taking complexity of geological structure into account, the inversion results should be regarded as the predominant property or a comprehensive effect of triggered local faults＇ activities. As an attempt, we inverted the assumingly active faults＇ slips triggered by the Ms=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake over Beijing area.  相似文献   

水压致裂地应力测试方法在云南大理-丽江铁路隧道工程中的应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

李金锁 彭华马秀敏  黎建文廖怀青 杨绍喜 《地质通报》2006,25(5):644-648

利用水压致裂地应力测试方法对实际工程区进行了地应力测量,确定了工程区隧道围岩现今的地壳应力状态,即原地应力的大小和方向.根据地应力分布特征,分析了隧道开挖过程中发生岩爆等地质灾害的可能性.地应力测量数据的分析结果可作为隧道衬砌的设计、断面的选择及轴线方位的确定的科学依据.  相似文献   

构造应力场、流体势场对柴达木盆地西部油气运聚的控制作用     

王小凤武红岭  马寅生操成杰王连庆  陈宣华田晓娟张敏  江波尹成明  张启全张永庶 《地质通报》2006,25(9):1036-1044

运用多孔介质渗流理论和构造应力场驱动油气运移的流固耦合分析方法对柴达木盆地西部的构造应力场及流体运移势进行了数值模拟,揭示盆地西部油气运聚的规律是:①区域主要构造格架或构造体系控制了构造压力低值区的展布,二级构造压力低值区的边界为近南北和北北东向;②由浅层向深层,构造压力低值区的范围有逐渐扩大的趋势;③盆地西南部油区棋盘格式构造的结点为构造压力低值区;④不同构造层油气流矢量聚集区往往都是构造压力的低值区和油气聚集的有利部位.  相似文献   

新疆乌苏市农七师红山煤矿2号矿区钻探施工技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李红 《陕西地质》2006,24(2):60-63

本文从施工设备及技术处理等方面阐述了红山煤矿2号矿区钻探施工工艺,为进一步开展煤田勘查施工工作提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

巴姆地震变形场和应力场：Ⅰ．用差分干涉雷达和Okada方法求解   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

凌勇 曾祺明罗扬  赵永红 《岩石学报》2006,22(9):2367-2374

本文对2003年12月26日伊朗东南部克尔曼省巴姆地区发生的6.6级地震产生的位移场、应变场和应力降分布进行了定量研究。首先从差分干涉雷达(D～InSAR)出发,求解出此次地震的同震干涉条纹和雷达视线方向的位移场,并从雷达干涉的相干图上清楚的观察到了发震断层的痕迹,得出此次地震的发震断层是巴姆断层以西的隐伏断层的结论。然后结合 Harvard 的 CMT(震源机制解)结果、Nakamura 的断层结果(Arg-e-Bam 隐伏断层)以及本文 D-InSAR 求解出的发震断层结果,利用 Okada 程序,计算出此次地震的北、东、垂向三个位移分量,投影得到雷达视线方向的位移,将投影结果与由 D-InSAR得到的位移场比较,看到我们所讨论的断层模式可以很好的解释差分干涉雷达的观测结果,可以合理的解释 Arg-e-Bam 隐伏断层为此次地震的发震破裂断层,通过分析地震的破坏程度分布图,隐伏断层为发震断层的解释可以很好的符合巴姆地震的等震分布图。最后,本文利用 Okada 程序计算得到了此次地震所产生的应变场和应力降场。  相似文献