斗嫁蜮精子发生及雄性性腺组织学研究     

王梅芳  曹新云  于菲菲  余祥勇 《海洋学报》2009,31(6):142-150

采用石蜡切片法,对分布于粤西沿海的斗嫁蜮Cellana grata(Gould)的精子发生和雄性性腺的组织结构进行了研究。斗嫁蜮精子发生经历雄性性细胞的增殖、生长、成熟、变态等阶段.依据精子发生过程中生精细胞形态的变化,精子发生过程可分为精原细胞期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精细胞期和精子形成期等5期。雄性性腺组织主要由滤泡构成,滤泡为生殖细胞增殖、生长、成熟、变态的场所,滤泡腔中的精子经生殖输送管向外输送。显微观察与分析表明:(1)精子发生中,生长期不明显,初级精母细胞较精原细胞小;(2)生精细胞及核的大小随发育逐渐变小,核嗜碱性逐渐增强;(3)精子发生过程中的变态期长,易观察到变态过程中的不同形态的精细胞;(4)成熟精子为鞭毛型,头部短杆状,约0.5×(3~4)μm,尾部细长呈鞭毛状;(5)生长-成熟期的雄性性腺由形态较规则的(多边形)滤泡构成,滤泡界限清晰;(6)雄性滤泡壁由不同发育时期的生精细胞依次排列,较原始的生精细胞呈嗜酸性,靠近滤泡膜分布,而发育晚期的生精细胞呈嗜碱性,渐离滤泡膜分布,成熟精子群集并呈涡旋状分布于腔中;(7)成熟雄性性腺可伸入足部或肝组织中;在肝组织切片中,可观察到结构不同的4个级别的生殖输送管;8)斗嫁蜮雌雄异体,但存在雌雄同体、性转化现象。还对斗嫁蜮精子发生与成熟过程及雌雄同体的有关问题进行了探讨。  相似文献   

ANNUAL CHANGES IN PLASMA LEVELS OF CORTISOL AND SEX STEROID HORMONES IN MALE RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS     

侯亚义  韩晓冬SUZUKIYuzuru 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2001,19(3):217-221

The profiles of cortisol, testosterone, ll-ketotestosterone and 17α， 20β- dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one in mule rainbow trout reared under constant water temperature and natural photoperiod were determined by radioimmunoassay. Gonads of male rainbow trout reached maturity when the fish were two years old. Changes in the plasma levels of both sex steroid hormones and cortisol were closely related to the GSI. Plasma levels of testosterone, 11-ketotestostemne and 17a, 2013-dihydroxy 4-pregnene-3-one showed a clear peak in the annual breeding season, when the GSI reached their maxima. Plasma cortisol levels also showed clearly seasonal changes in both two- and three-year-old fish. The results suggest that the elevated plasma levels of cortisol may not just be due to stresses during the breeding season but have certain physiological functions in the reproduction of rainbow trout.  相似文献   

顾及性别差异的电子地图空间认知分析     

颜言  龙毅  沈倩茹  王剑 《地理与地理信息科学》2011,27(4):48-51

电子地图是人们进行地理空间信息应用与认知的重要载体,而性别差异影响着地图空间认知的结果。该文通过一系列地图认知实验,分析了不同性别在观察地图、认知地图、形成心象地图和表述地图信息过程中的差异。实验表明,男性对空间关系较为敏感,而女性对要素注记、形状、位置及空间面积的认知能力更为突出。  相似文献   

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA     

陈涛  赖伟  堵南山 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1994,(1)

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs  相似文献   

Assessment of parental contribution and effective population size from a 3×3 diallel cross of clam Meretrix meretrix     

代平  王鸿霞  刘保忠 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):306-315

Unbalanced parental contribution and small effective population size(N e)are common issues during the artifi cial breeding of marine bivalves.The impact of hatchery-spawning practices on parental contribution,effective population size,the N e/N ratio,and genetic diversity are largely unknown.To address this,we conducted a parentage analysis on a complete 3×3 diallel cross of clam M eretrix meretrix using eight microsatellite markers.The genetic diversity of the parents was higher than that of their respective offspring in most crosses(8/9).Sires or dams from the same family contributed unequally to the pool of offspring from a particular cross,and the same parent clam exhibited large variation in parental contribution among different crosses.The variance in male contribution was higher than that of the female contribution in most crosses,suggesting that male contribution was more skewed than for females.The N e/N ratio for nine crosses ranged from 0.58 to 0.86.There was no linear relationship between the sex ratio and the N e/N ratio(P0.05).Moreover,a sex ratio closer to one-to-one does not necessarily mean a larger effective population size.A solution to small effective population size in commercial breeding programs is increasing broodstock numbers and attempting to maintain a balanced sex ratio.  相似文献   

Poverty, migration and sex work: youth transitions in Ethiopia     

Lorraine van Blerk 《Area》2008,40(2):245-253

Despite an emerging body of work on youth transitions, research has yet to explore the often unconventional routes to adulthood for young people marginalised through poverty. By drawing on interviews with 60 young commercial sex workers in Ethiopia, this paper explores the connections between poverty, migration and sex work and demonstrates that sex work provides a risky alternative, but often successful, path to independence for some rural–urban migrants. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for policies that seek to support young sex workers by enabling them to maintain their independence while seeking different employment.  相似文献   

池养黑鲷性逆转组织学观察   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈淑吟  张志勇  刘海林  许津  祝斐  贾超峰  张志伟  任忠宏 《海洋科学》2017,41(7):51-58

黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegeli)为具性逆转的珍贵海产鱼类,其个体在第3龄期雄性转为雌性,但性逆转发生的详细过程尚不清楚。为了解黑鲷性腺逆转发生的过程,作者通过对池塘养殖黑鲷3~4龄期个体进行定期跟踪取样观察,结合组织切片显微检测性腺变化过程。结果显示:黑鲷性腺在繁殖前后变化趋势不同;繁殖期雌性个体约占15%;繁殖后至7月份是性腺由雄逆转为雌主要时期;8月份全部个体性腺外观表现为卵巢形式;到9月底,个别性腺的精巢组织又开始发育;到12月底样本性腺有雄性、雌性及雌雄同体同时发育3种形式。此外,分析了黑鲷性腺成熟系数与肝质量系数的周年变化趋势。研究获得了详细的3~4龄黑鲷性逆转发生过程及性逆转结果,并针对与先前报道的有关研究结果差异展开分析,为掌握不同海区黑鲷性逆转特性及育种研究提供了更多资料,也为雌雄同体鱼类资源利用研究提供新的参考依据。  相似文献   

Downstream movement of fry of galaxias fasciatus gray (note)     

J‐P. Ots  G. A. Eldon 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):97-99

The fry of Galaxias fasciatus Gray were recorded for the first time, being carried downstream on a flood. Attempts to rear the fry in tanks in fresh and in salt water were unsuccessful, but those kept in salt water began to feed and survived for several weeks.  相似文献   

6种科(Teraponidae)经济鱼类的染色体组型研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

舒琥  黄萃莹  刘丽  侯丽萍  张海发  赵会宏 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(5):1372-1377

采用胸腔注射植物血球凝集素(phytohemagglutinin, PHA)及秋水仙素溶液, 取活体头肾组织低渗、固定和空气干燥, 分析比较了(Terapon theraps)、细鳞(Terapon jarbua,/i>)、尖吻 (Rhynchopelates oxyrhynchus)、叉牙 (Helotes sexlineatus)、列牙 (Pelates quadrilineatus)和高体革 (Scortum barcoo)的核型。结果表明, 6种鱼中期染色体均为二倍体, 除尖吻外均未发现异型性染色体、随体和次缢痕。其核型如下: 的核型为2n=48=48t, 臂数: NF=48; 细鳞的核型为2n=48=48t, NF=48; 叉牙2n=48=48t, NF=48; 列牙的核型为2n=48=48t, NF=48; 高体革2n=48=2m+2sm+44t, NF=52; 尖吻 2n=48=4m+2st+42t, NF=52。科这6种鱼染色体均属于典型的高位类群。同时, 将科6种鱼与前人已完成的科其它鱼类的核型进行比较, 发现尖吻的核型出现异型性染色体, 并对尖吻出现罕见的异型性染色体进行分析讨论。除高体革外, 其余5种核型为国内首次报道。  相似文献