Mean flow and variability in the southwestern East Sea     

Kyung-Il Chang  Nelson G. Hogg  Moon-Sik Suk  Sang-Kyung Byun  Young-Gyu Kim  Kuh Kim 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2002,49(12)

The Ulleung Basin is one of three deep basins that are contained within the East/Japan Sea. Current meter moorings have been maintained in this basin beginning in 1996. The data from these moorings are used to investigate the mean circulation pattern, variability of deep flows, and volume transports of major water masses in the Ulleung Basin with supporting hydrographic data and help from a high-resolution numerical model. The bottom water within the Ulleung Basin, which must enter through a constricted passage from the north, is found to circulate cyclonically—a pattern that seems prevalent throughout the East Sea. A strong current of about 6 cms⁻¹ on average flows southward over the continental slope off the Korean coast underlying the northward East Korean Warm Current as part of the mean abyssal cyclonic circulation. Volume transports of the northward East Korean Warm Current, and southward flowing East Sea Intermediate Water and East Sea Proper Water are estimated to be 1.4 Sv (1 Sv=10⁻⁶ m³ s⁻¹), 0.8 Sv, and 3.0–4.0 Sv, respectively. Deep flow variability involves a wide range of time scales with no apparent seasonal variations, whereas the deep currents in the northern East Sea are known to be strongly seasonal.  相似文献   

Deep ocean fluxes and their link to surface ocean processes and the biological pump     

T. Rixen  M.V.S. Guptha  V. Ittekkot 《Progress in Oceanography》2005,65(2-4):240

Intense studies of upper and deep ocean processes were carried out in the Northwestern Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea) within the framework of JGOFS and related projects in order to improve our understanding of the marine carbon cycle and the ocean’s role as a reservoir for atmospheric CO₂. The results show a pronounced monsoon-driven seasonality with enhanced organic carbon fluxes into the deep-sea during the SW Monsoon and during the early and late NE Monsoon north of 10°N. The productivity is mainly regulated by inputs of nutrients from subsurface waters into the euphotic zone via upwelling and mixed layer-deepening. Deep mixing introduces light limitation by carrying photoautotrophic organisms below the euphotic zone during the peak of the NE Monsoon. Nevertheless, deep mixing and strong upwelling during the SW Monsoon provide an ecological advantage for diatoms over other photoautotrophic organisms by increasing the silica concentrations in the euphotic zone. When silica concentrations fall below 2 μmol l⁻¹, diatoms lose their dominance in the plankton community. During diatom-dominated blooms, the biological pathway of uptake of CO₂ (the biological pump) appears to be more efficient than during blooms of other organisms, as indicated by organic carbon to carbonate carbon (rain) ratios. Due to the seasonal alternation of diatom and non-diatom dominated exports, spatial variations of the annual mean rain ratios are hardly discernible along the main JGOFS transect.Data-based estimates of the annual mean impact of the biological pump on the fCO₂ in the surface water suggest that the biological pump reduces the increase of fCO₂ in the surface water caused by intrusion of CO₂-enriched subsurface water by 50–70%. The remaining 30 to 50% are attributed to CO₂ emissions into the atmosphere. Rain ratios up to 60% higher in river-influenced areas off Pakistan and in the Bay of Bengal than in the open Arabian Sea imply that riverine silica inputs can further enhance the impact of the biological pump on the fCO₂ in the surface water by supporting diatom blooms. Consequently, it is assumed that reduced river discharges caused by the damming of major rivers increase CO₂ emission by lowering silica inputs to the Arabian Sea; this mechanism probably operates in other regions of the world ocean also.  相似文献   

Determining the age of water and long-term transport timescale of the Chesapeake Bay   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Jian Shen  Harry V. Wang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):585-598

The concept of age of water (AW) is applied to the Chesapeake Bay to investigate the long-term transport properties for dissolved substances. A real-time calibrated hydrodynamic Chesapeake Bay model in 3 Dimensions (CH3D), employing a boundary-fitted curvilinear grid, is used for the study. The long-term transport properties, represented by AW, are investigated under the conditions of low river inflow of 1995 and high river inflow of 1996, as well as for constant mean inflows. The influences of freshwater, density-induced circulation, and wind-induced transport on age distribution have been investigated. Model results show that river inflows, wind stress, and density-induced circulation play important roles in controlling the long-term transport in the Bay. The model results shows that it requires 120–300 days for a marked change in the characteristics of the pollutant source discharged into the Bay from the Susquehanna River to affect significantly the conditions near the mouth under different hydrodynamic conditions. An increase of river discharge results in increases of downstream residual current and gravitational circulation, and thus reduces AW. The density-induced circulation contributes to the transport substantially. The dissolved substances discharged into the Bay are transported out of the Bay more rapidly when the estuary becomes more stratified. Southeasterly and southwesterly winds have strong impacts on the transport compared to the northeasterly and northwesterly winds. The former increases lateral and vertical mixing significantly. Consequently, the gravitational circulation is reduced and the transport time is increased by 50%. The model results provide useful information for understanding the long-term transport processes in the Bay.  相似文献   

Ice Sheet-Thermohaline Circulation Interactions in a Climate Model of Intermediate Complexity   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Zhaomin Wang  Lawrence A. Mysak 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(4):481-494

A vertically integrated dynamic ice sheet model is coupled to the atmosphere-ocean-sea ice-land surface climate model recently developed by Wang and Mysak (2000). The background lateral (east-west) ice sheet discharge rate used by Gallee et al. (1992) is reduced and the planetary emissivity is increased (to parameterize the cooling effect of a decrease of the atmospheric CO₂ concentration), in order to build up substantial ice sheets during a glacial period and hence set the stage for ice sheet-thermohaline circulation (THC) interactions. The following iceberg calving scheme is then introduced: when the maximum model height of the North American ice sheet reaches a critical value (2400 m), a prescribed lateral discharged rate is imposed on top of the background discharge rate for a finite time. Per a small prescribed discharge rate, repeated small iceberg calving events occur, which lead to millennial-scale climate cycles with small amplitudes. These are a crude representation of Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations. Over one such cycle, the zonally averaged January surface air temperature (SAT) drops about 1.5°C at 72.5°N. However, a large prescribed lateral discharge rate leads to the shut down of the THC. In this case, the January SAT drops about 5°C at 72.5°N, the sea ice extent advances equatorward from 57.5° to 47.5°N and the net ice accumulation rate at the grid of maximum ice sheet height is reduced from 0.24 to 0.15 m/y. Since data strongly suggest that a collapsed THC was not a steady state during the last glacial, we restore the THC by increasing the vertical diffusivity in the North Atlantic Ocean for a finite time. The resulting climate cycles associated with conveyor-on and conveyor-off phases have much larger amplitudes; furthermore, the strong iceberg calving events lead to a larger loss of ice sheet mass and hence the period of the oscillations is longer (several thousand years). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

科氏力对河口分汊的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

金元欢  沈焕庭 《海洋科学》1993,17(4):52-56

以长江口、黄河口、珠江口、闽江口等几个分汊河口为例,分析了科氏力在河口分汊中的作用。结果表明,涨落潮流路分歧主要通过形成涨落潮冲刷槽和中央缓流区浅滩而逐渐使河口产生分汊;水面横比降则以横向环流和横向切滩两种形式,或堆积或冲刷,导致河口分汊。  相似文献   

太平洋年代际海洋变率研究进展   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

王东晓  谢强  刘赟  刘钦燕  杜岩 《热带海洋学报》2003,22(1):76-83

随着“气候变率与可预报性研究”（CLIVAR计划）的实施，年代际气候变率研究已经成为国际气候研究的一个新热点，由于海洋特别是海洋次表层具有巨大的热损性，海洋环流在年代际气候变率中所起的作用已得到越来越多的重视。但迄今为止，海洋以什么方式参与到年代际气候变化中，海洋次表层在年际和年代际时间尺度上起到什么作用这些与海洋环流有关的问题仍未得到解决，而这些问题的解决将有助于建立一种完备的年代际气候变化机制的理论，文章通过对近10a来国内外在该领域内研究进展的回顾，提出了一个关于太平洋年际变化（如ENSO循环）和年代际变化（如PDO循环）相互作用的猜想，为今后在国内开展相关研究提供了一些设想。  相似文献   

复合加载条件下吸力式沉箱基础承载特性数值分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王志云  王栋  栾茂田  范庆来  武科 《海洋工程》2007,25(2):52-56,71

吸力式沉箱基础的承载特性是海洋工程结构设施建造与设计中的一个关键问题。这种新型的深水海洋基础型式,通常承受竖向上拔荷载与水平荷载的共同作用,其工作性能与设计理论远远不能满足工程实践的需要。本文采用有限元分析方法对吸力式沉箱基础的极限承载特性进行数值计算。以大型通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS为平台,通过二次开发,数值实现了Swipe试验加载方法和固定位移比分析方法,针对不同的沉箱长径比、土的强度折减系数,探讨了沉箱基础在垂直上拔荷载和水平荷载单调联合作用下的极限承载力,通过对不同荷载组合的数值计算构造了复合加载条件下沉箱基础破坏包络面。  相似文献   

南海季风区地域性大气环流的结构     

周发琇  张涛  高荣珍 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(4):467-472

作者使用 NCEP/ NCAR再分析资料 ,在热带 30°S～ 30°N纬带用谐波分析方法分离出超长波之后 ,再采用环流诊断方法 ,发现南海季风区存在地域性环流系统。文中给出冬、夏季风期该系统的三维空间结构和相应的热源分布 ,讨论了该地域性环流系统对南海季风气候及其异常的作用 ,并探讨夏季风爆发北部先于南部的一种可能的气候原因。  相似文献   

2021年10月山西一次罕见持续性强降水过程物理机制分析     

乔钰  赵桂香  王妍 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2024,18(2)

利用气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料以及GDAS资料,对2021年10月2-7日山西持续性强降水天气过程进行分析。结果表明：稳定的乌拉尔山低槽后部冷空气扩散,中纬度短波槽东移,与副热带高压外围西南暖湿气流持续交汇,同时高低空急流耦合形成强烈上升运动,低层切变线和地面辐合线稳定维持,及低层水汽不断输送并形成辐合,为持续性强降水的发生发展提供有利动力和水汽条件。此次强降水过程分为对流性降水和稳定性降水2个阶段,2阶段水汽输送通道的源地、路径、高度均有明显差异,但水汽输送贡献率均以对流层中低层山西南侧的水汽输送占主导地位。降水开始前,对流层中上层存在对称不稳定,大气可降水量明显跃增;对流性降水阶段,干空气不断入侵,对流不稳定快速建立与释放,对流层中低层水汽辐合区与强上升气流配合,导致山西出现强对流天气。地形的阻挡、抬升及地形收缩作用,对局地极端强降水具有增幅作用。  相似文献   

非饱和膨胀土边坡的稳定性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴珺华  YUAN Jun-ping  袁俊平  卢廷浩 《岩土力学》2008,29(Z1):363-367

为了提高非饱和膨胀土边坡的稳定,采用了土工膜覆盖边坡表面的方法.基于非饱和渗流理论,采用有限元程序对用膜覆盖和不覆盖的边坡分别进行了降雨蒸发干湿循环条件下的数值分析.在计算结果基础上,采用极限平衡法分析了边坡的稳定性.结果表明,用膜覆盖后边坡能长期保持非饱和状态,土体吸力较高,其稳定安全系数明显高于无膜保护的边坡,用复合土工膜覆盖边坡有利于提高非饱和膨胀土边坡的稳定.  相似文献