Tectonic significance of syn-rift sediment packages across the Gabon-Cabinda continental margin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Garry D. Karner  Neal W. Driscoll  John P. McGinnis  William D. Brumbaugh  Nick R. Cameron 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1997,14(7-8)

The tectonic development of a continental margin is recorded in the stratigraphic successions preserved along and across the margin in terms of stratal relationships (e.g., onlap, downlap, truncation), lithofacies, biostratigraphy, and paleo-water depths. By using these observations coupled to a kinematic and flexural model for the deformation of the lithosphere, we have elucidated the tectonic significance of the preserved stratigraphy that comprises the Gabon-Cabinda margin of west Africa. Two hinge zones, an Eastern and Atlantic, formed along the Gabon-Cabinda margin in response to three discrete extensional events occuring from Berriasian to Aptian time. The Eastern hinge zone demarcates the eastern limit of a broadly distributed Berriasian extension that resulted in the formation of deep anoxic, lacustrine systems as evidenced by the silts and shales of the Sialivakou and lower Djeno Formations and the regressive packages of the upper Djeno Formation. Approximately 1.5 to 2 km of asymmetric footwall uplift was induced across the Eastern hinge zone in response to the mechanical unloading of the lithosphere during this first phase of rifting. In contrast, the Atlantic hinge, located approximately 90 km west of the Eastern hinge, marks the eastern limit of a second phase of extension that began in the Hauterivian. Footwall uplift and rotation exposed earlier syn-rift and pre-rift sediments to at least wavebase causing varying amounts of erosional truncation across the Atlantic hinge zone along much of the Gabon-Cabinda margins. We interpret the thickness variations of reworked clastic sediment of this age (e.g. the Melania Formation) between the hinge zones as indicative of variations in the degree of uplift and erosional truncation of the Atlantic hinge. For example, the absence of Melania Formation across the Congo margin implies that uplift of the Atlantic hinge was relatively minor compared to that across the Cabinda and Gabon margins, the latter being characterized by significant thicknesses of Melania Formation (or equivalent). Material eroded from the Cabinda and Gabon Atlantic hinge zone may in part account for the thick wedge of sediment deposited seaward of the Gabon-Cabinda Atlantic hinge (the Erva Formation). Our modelling suggests that this wedge of reworked elastics represents deposition by along-axis gravity flows within a deep water (≈2 km) environment. A third and final phase of extension in the late Barremian-early Aptian was responsible for breaching the continental lithosphere to form the ocean/continent boundary and thus the installation of open marine conditions. Elsewhere, the environments will tend to be marginal marine to brackish, depending on the efficiency of the Atlantic hinge zone to act as a barrier to marine enchroachment. This third rift phase reactivated both the Eastern and Atlantic hinge0zones thereby creating accomodation for the Marnes Noires Formation (and equivalent) source rock deposition between the hinges and the Falcão source rock equivalent seaward of the Atlantic hinge. Two possible scenarios exist for the lateral distribution of the Marnes Noires Formation. If the reactivated rift flank topography across the Atlantic hinge was significant, then sedimentation would be restricted between the hinge zones within discrete lacustrine settings (e.g., Congo margin). Alternatively, if hinge zone uplift was relatively minor, then a coral-rimmed archipelago may have developed parallel to the margin with restricted communication across the Atlantic hinge zone (e.g., Cabinda margin). In this latter scenario, dilution of the Marnes Noires source rocks by terrigenous input from the eroding Atlantic hinge zone should be relatively minor thereby enhancing source rock quality. Furthermore, potential marine upwelling outboard of the Atlantic hinge zone is likely the cause for the production and accumulation of organic-rich material associated with the Falcão source rock of the Kwanza basin. By late Aptian time, the remaining accomodation between the hinge zones was partially filled by across- and along-axis prograding deltaic systems of the Argilles Vertes and Tchibota Formations. The progradation and interaction of the Argilles Vertes depositional lobes resulted in the formation of residual paleo-relief. Subsequent marine incursions and flooding of this paleo-relief led to the development of basal conglomerates (the Chela ‘lag’ unconformity) grading upward into fine-grained sands and evaporites. Consequently, an inverse relationship should exist betweeb evaporite thickness (in particular, the lower members) and the thickness of the underlying Argilles Vertes and Tchibota Formations. Variations in Loeme evaporite thickness is a consequence of stratigraphic and structural control with salt instability influencing local variability.Our modelling suggests the occurrence of two distinct evaporite sequences on the Congo margin, an earlier evaporite deposited seaward (west) of the Atlantic hinge during the second and third rift phases and the late Aptian Loeme Formation deposited between the hinge zones. An evaporite sequence seaward of the Atlantic hinge is inferred on the basis of extensive diapirs and salt tectonic structures observed in seismic data. In order to match the distribution and thickness of the observed post-salt stratigraphy across the basin, however, we require large paleowater depths west of the Atlantic hinge during the later Aptian. The existence of large paleowater depths precludes the formation of thick evaporite sequences within the outer basin. Consequently, we propose that the evaporites seaward of the Atlantic hinge were formed during the syn-rift development of the margin and are not contemporaneous with the post-rift Loeme salts deposited between the hinge zones. This double salt hypothesis is consistent with observations from the conjugate Brazilian margin.  相似文献   

Evidence of underestimation of European hake growth in the Bay of Biscay, and its relationship with bias in the agreed method of age estimation   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

de Pontual  Helene; Groison  Anne Laure; Pineiro  Carmen; Bertignac  Michel 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(9):1674-1681

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Are hake otolith macrostructures randomly deposited? Insights from an unsupervised statistical and quantitative approach applied to Mediterranean hake otoliths   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Courbin  Nicolas; Fablet  Ronan; Mellon  Capucine; de Pontual  Helene 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(6):1191-1201

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A First Generation Stochastic Bioeconomic Analysis of Algal Bloom Control in a Coastal Lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Po River Delta)     

Giulio Alessandro De  Leo  Marco Bartoli  Mariachiara Naldi  Pierluigi Viaroli 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):92-100

Abstract. In this work we have developed a very simple stochastic mathematical model of Ulva spp. growth to quantitatively evaluate the economic costs of algal harvesting and the related benefits in terms of avoided'economic loss'of clam production due to an effective prevention of algal blooms and the consequent anoxic crises. Algal growth was simulated by means of a discrete time difference equation of Ulva biomass where the finite growth rate depends only upon water temperature. In order to explicitly include environmental variability, a seasonal autoregressive model calibrated on available data was used to simulate water temperature. Different harvesting scenarios were analysed in terms of the number of harvesting vessels employed and the threshold biomass of Ulva at which vessels start to operate. Costs of algal harvesting and disposal, as well as monetary damages resulting from the collapse of clam production as a consequence of algal blooms, were assessed by interviewing the managers of the Clam Fishermen's Union of Goro. A Monte Carlo approach was used to estimate the mean and total statistical distribution of costs and benefits of different harvesting strategies. Our analysis shows that the most cost-effective management policy is attained with 4–6 vessels operating at low algal density able to harvest as much Ulva as possible with intensive and short interventions at the beginning of the seasonal growth.  相似文献   

复杂多通道带乘性噪声系统的最优固定域平滑算法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

綦声波  张玲  王璐 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(4):636-640

研究 1种在更弱的乘性噪声限制条件下系统的状态最优估计算法。在最优滤波算法的基础上 ,进一步给出了在线性最小方差意义下最优的固定域平滑算法。针对该算法所进行的仿真研究已表明该算法的有效性  相似文献   

华南全新世高海滩岩与海岸大震构造     

毕福志  袁又申 《海洋学研究》1994,12(3):21-31

笔者在世界上首次发现的华南海岸全新世高海滩岩中，又发现了海滩岩断代序列模式及其中蕴藏的重大科学信息。本文重点讨论高海滩岩与闽粤琼大震、大震构造与地震周期序列的关系，以及大震构造的定量标志。此外，继发现２５０年左右阶段的海岸升降年垂直活动速率后，又发现了５０年左右阶段的年活动速率。  相似文献   

霞浦No.1孔晚第四纪古气候因子的定量估算   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

陆继军 《台湾海峡》1995,14(1):32-39

本文使用孢粉图式、最优分割、对应分析和Q型聚类分析方法，将福建霞浦No.1孔的孢粉划分为8个孢粉组合带，并由此推论出8个植被演替阶段。依据对应分析结果和一系列热力学计算公式，本文估算了该孢粉所反映的古气候因子。它们包括年平均温度、相对温度、绝对湿度、水汽压、年蒸发量、干燥度、年降水量。并依据之些古气候因子，认为该孔孢粉反映的该地区晚第四纪古气侯有7个阶段。  相似文献   

厦门浔江海域棘皮动物若干生态特点     

吕小梅 《台湾海峡》1995,14(2):150-154

本文报道了厦门浔江海域棘皮动物调查的结果：初步鉴定棘皮动物46种，年平均生物量23.02g/m^2，栖息密度127个/m^2。对浔江海域棘皮动物的种类组成、数量分布等生态特点进行初步研究。  相似文献   

Least-Squares Estimation of Bottom Topography Using Horizontal Velocity Measurements in the Tsushima/Korea Straits     

Naoki?HiroseEmail author 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(4):789-794

Several bathymetric data sets are compared and assessed with constraints of an ocean current model and velocity observations. The root-mean-square (rms) differences among the data sets reach 20 m in the shallow Tsushima/Korea Straits. The numerical experiments to simulate the Tsushima Warm Current are performed using four different topography data sets. The JTOPO1 data (MIRC, 2003) give the smallest rms difference to long-term horizontal velocity observations. Several least-squares combinations of the topography data sets are then sought to minimize the rms difference between the observed and modeled barotropic velocities. Most of the data sets reveal a large bias of 30–60 m at the Western Channel compared to independent sounding depths  相似文献   

Near-shore swell estimation from a global wind-wave model: Spectral process,linear, and artificial neural network models     

Matthew Browne  Bruno Castelle  Darrell Strauss  Rodger Tomlinson  Michael Blumenstein  Chris Lane 《Coastal Engineering》2007

Estimation of swell conditions in coastal regions is important for a variety of public, government, and research applications. Driving a model of the near-shore wave transformation from an offshore global swell model such as NOAA WaveWatch3 is an economical means to arrive at swell size estimates at particular locations of interest. Recently, some work (e.g. Browne et al. [Browne, M., Strauss, D., Castelle, B., Blumenstein, M., Tomlinson, R., 2006. Local swell estimation and prediction from a global wind-wave model. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 3 (4), 462–466.]) has examined an artificial neural network (ANN) based, empirical approach to wave estimation. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of two data driven approaches to estimating waves near-shore (linear and ANN), and also contrast these with a more traditional spectral wave simulation model (SWAN). Performance was assessed on data gathered from a total of 17 near-shore locations, with heterogenous geography and bathymetry, around the continent of Australia over a 7 month period. It was found that the ANNs out-performed SWAN and the non-linear architecture consistently out-performed the linear method. Variability in performance and differential performance with regard to geographical location could largely be explained in terms of the underlying complexity of the local wave transformation.  相似文献