湖南香花岭地区花岗岩中锂对成岩成矿的制约     

覃莉茜  饶灿  林晓青  吴润秋  王琪 《高校地质学报》2021,27(2):149-162

锂(Li)是一种战略关键金属,岩浆阶段主要在花岗质岩石中得到富集和结晶.由于具有不相容和富挥发性等性质,锂对花岗岩的成岩成矿具有重要的制约.文章利用电子探针、LA-ICP-MS等分析手段,对湖南香花岭地区癞子岭和尖峰岭花岗岩进行系统岩相学、主微量和矿物学研究,结果表明:(1)花岗质岩浆结晶分异过程中,Li含量逐渐升高,...  相似文献   

马达加斯加草莓红绿柱石的成因与产状特征     

廖尚宜  彭明生  李勋贵 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2006,25(2):133-136

对马达加斯加新发现的宝石矿物草莓红绿柱石矿床的地质考察和研究发现,矿体属典型的复杂的锂-铯-钽型稀有金属晶洞花岗伟晶岩。出露于花岗岩的上部,沿片麻岩理呈脉状产出,宽十余米,产状170°~180°∠45°~55°。交代作用明显,带状构造发育,由矿体边缘至中心部位可分为6个带。草莓红绿柱石主要分布于石英-微斜长石带至石英核内,为伟晶岩晚期形成的矿物,与锂云母、叶钠长石、多色电气石、锂辉石和烟水晶等伴生。矿化富集与钾钠长石化、锂云母化直接有关。晶体,多呈不规则块状、六方板柱状或螺柱状;是由晚期富Li-Cs的热液交代变质而成。  相似文献   

新疆可可托海稀有金属矿床成因和南部地区隐伏矿预测——来自地质、遥感和地球物理的证据     

申萍  何兰芳  荆林海  潘鸿迪  冯浩轩  罗耀清  李昌昊  马华东  曹冲  白应雄 《地质学报》2023,97(11):3651-3672

新疆可可托海是世界著名的伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床,该矿床的成因长期存在争议,资源已枯竭多年,其成矿理论及找矿工作均亟待突破。我们对矿区中—上奥陶统哈巴河群变质岩和三叠纪稀有金属花岗岩进行了地质和地球化学研究,并开展了矿区遥感数据解译和地球物理测量工作。结果表明,哈巴河群变质岩以云母片岩为主,与大陆上地壳微量元素含量相似,若以此作为花岗质岩浆的源岩,很难通过部分熔融直接形成含矿熔体;三叠纪稀有金属花岗岩由白云母钠长花岗岩和少量钠长花岗岩组成,其岩浆源于地下深处,在向上运移过程中,经过结晶和流动分异作用,形成富挥发分的含矿岩浆,异地侵位形成稀有金属花岗岩岩枝,矿区存在花岗岩-伟晶岩成矿系统。遥感数据解译显示,矿区发育多个环形影像,这些影像是深部环形构造在浅部的反映,已知的伟晶岩脉及稀有金属花岗岩均赋存其中,指示矿区含矿岩浆活动可能与深部环形构造有关。大地电磁测深显示,在矿区15km以下深处发育低电阻率异常体,反映深部可能存在残余的岩浆房或局部熔融带,矿区花岗质岩浆源于此处;音频大地电磁测深显示,在矿区南北环形构造的深部均存在低电阻率异常。基于上述地质-遥感-地球物理的研究结果,我们预测在矿区之...  相似文献   

国外锂矿找矿新进展(2019~2021年)及对我国战略性矿产勘查的启示     

代鸿章  王登红  刘善宝  李鑫  王成辉  孙艳 《地质学报》2023,97(2):583-595

2019年至今,全球范围锂矿找矿力度依旧未减,热点地区不断取得新进展,成果丰硕。本文对2019年至2021年期间国外一些重点锂矿项目的找矿勘查进展情况及动向进行概述。总体来看,锂矿的全球分布格局相对稳定,盐湖型锂矿和伟晶岩型锂矿仍占据主导地位,并在相应热点地区取得重大进展。此外,沉积型及热泉型等新类型锂矿的勘查工作在美国及欧洲等地区也取得了一系列新进展。较国外而言,我国取得的找矿进展和实际增加的资源储量依然有限。通过借鉴国外锂矿勘探项目的新进展,认为国内应树牢安全意识,加大对锂等战略性矿产资源的调查评价与勘查投入;进一步加强对伟晶岩型、盐湖型等传统类型以及岩体型、沉积型及热泉型等新类型锂矿的调查研究,不断拓展找矿新区域、新空间;加速国内锂矿产业化进程,不断健全锂业产业链,在上游加强国内锂资源找矿勘查的同时,要注重下游高端产品的研发。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Pegmatite-Related Fluids and Significance to Ore-Forming Processes in the Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Sb Polymetallic Deposit, Tibet, China     

XIE Yuling  WANG Bogong  LI Yingxu  LI Guangming  DONG Suiliang  GUO Xiang  WANG Lei 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(3):811-821

The Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Sb polymetallic deposit is one of the most important deposits in the newly recognized southern Tibet antimony-gold metallogenic belt.Compared to the porphyry deposits in the Gangdese belt,much less researches have addressed these deposits,and the genesis of the Zhaxikang deposit is still controversial.Based on field investigation,petrographic,microthermometric,Laser Raman Microprobe（LRM） and SEM/EDS analyses of fluid,melt-fluid,melt and solid inclusions in quartz and beryl from pegmatite,this paper documents the characteristics and the evolution of primary magmatic fluid which was genetically related to greisenization,pegmatitization,and silification in the area.The results show that the primary magmatic fluids were derived from unmixing between melt and fluid and underwent a phase separation process soon after the exsolution.The primary magmatic fluids are of low salinity,high temperature,and can be approximated by the H₂O-NaCl-CO₂ system.The presence of Mn-Fe carbonate in melt-fluid inclusions and a Zn-bearing mineral（gahnite） trapped in beryl and in inclusions from pegmatite indicates high Mn,Fe,and Zn concentrations in the parent magma and magmatic fluids,and implies a genetic link between pegmatite and Pb-Zn-Sb mineralization.High B and F concentrations in the parent magma largely lower the solidus of the magma and lead to late fluid exsolution,thus the primary magmatic fluids related to pegmatite have much lower temperature than those in most porphyry systems.Boiling of the primary magmatic fluids leads to high-salinity and high-temperature fluids which have high capacity to transport Pb,Zn and Sb.The decrease in temperature and mixing with fluids from other sources may have caused the precipitation of Pb-Zn-Sn（Au） minerals in the distal fault systems surrounding the causative intrusion.  相似文献   

Petrological and mineralogical characteristics of younger granites and pegmatites in the Wadi Haleifiya area,southeastern Sinai,Egypt     

El Gharbawy R.I.  El Feky M.G.  El Galy M.M.  El Maadawy W.M. 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(3):304-316

This study is concerned with the radioactivity and mineralogy of the younger granites and pegmatites in the Wadi Haleifiya area, southeastern Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. The area is occupied by metasediments, migmatites, older and younger granites. Most of these rocks, especially granites, are dissected by mafic and felsic dykes as well as pegmatites. The younger granites are represented by three main varieties: monzogranites, syenogranites and alkali feldspar granites. The monzogranite consists essentially of quartz, plagioclase, potash feldspar and biotite with minor musco-vite. Iron oxide, titanite, zircon and allanite are the main accessory minerals. Syenogranite is massive, medium- to coarse-grained and commonly exhibits equigranular and hypidiomorphic textures. It is made up essentially of potash feldspar, quartz, plagioclase and biotite. Iron oxides, allanite, epidote, titanite, and zircon are accessory minerals. The alkali feldspar granite consists mainly of perthite, quartz, alkali amphibole (arfvedsonite and riebekite), biotite, sub-ordinate plagioclase and aegirine. Iron oxide, zircon and apatite are accessory minerals, whereas chlorite and sas-surite are secondary minerals. The altered monzogranite and pegmatite recorded high radioelement contents. The eU reaches up to 120 (av.=82×10-6) in the altered monzogranite and up to 55 (av.=27×10-6) in the pegmatites. The high radioactivity in the altered monzogranite is due to the presence of thorite, uranothorite and metamict zircon. In the pegmatites, it is re-lated to the presence of uranophane, uranothorite, thorite, zircon, samarskite, monazite, xenotime, magnetite, ilmen-ite, hematite and rutile.  相似文献   

Neoproterozoic U-Th-REE-bearing Pegmatites in Wadi Ibib,South Eastern Desert,Egypt:Structural and Geochemical Measures for a Syn-Tectonic Anatectic Model of Formation     

Waleed S. IBRAHIM 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(6):2045-2062

The Wadi Ibib area is situated in the northern part of the Neoproterozoic Hamisana Shear Zone (HSZ), which is a high strain zone evolved during the late stages of the Pan-African orogeny, likely as a tectonic escape structure. Amphibolite facies pelitic metasedimentary windows crop out in the axial parts of the HSZ and are noticeably associated with numerous N-trending pegmatite dikes. Whole-rock geochemistry of the pegmatites reveals a peraluminous (S-type) affinity, with low K/Rb ratios and elevated concentrations of U, Th, REE, Rb, Li, Cs, Y, Nb and Ta. Structurally, the pegmatite sets intrude along the shear plane of the HSZ, corresponding to the regional N-trending tectonic fabrics, such as axial planar foliation and dextral-shearing in the metasedimentary host rock. Field relationships, including structural context, coupled with geochemical characteristics of the Wadi Ibib pegmatites, do not support their formation as a complementary part of evolved granitic magmas. Space-localized decompression-induced partial melting of peraluminous garnet-bearing metapelites was alternatively the underlying process for formation of these pegmatites. Such decompression was associated with regional escape tectonics and stress axes permutations during the late deformation stage (D3) in the evolution of the south Eastern Desert terrane, due to end-orogeny system pressure-release.  相似文献   

新疆阿尔泰两棵树铁矿流体包裹体及氢氧同位素特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

耿新霞  姜丽萍  柴凤梅  杜佳术  李彦  高文娟  刘锋  吕书君 《岩矿测试》2013,32(2):340-347

新疆两棵树铁矿位于阿尔泰南缘克朗盆地,矿床赋存于中-上泥盆统阿勒泰镇组片岩与二长花岗岩接触带的伟晶岩中。本文对矿石中石英流体包裹体进行显微测温分析,结果显示包裹体类型以液体包裹体为主,流体的均一温度变化于156~367℃,主要集中于210~250℃,成矿流体盐度w(NaCl_eq)为0.18%~18.72,密度为0.80~0.95 g/cm³,表明成矿流体属中温度、低盐度、中低密度的H₂O-NaCl体系。石英的δD_SMOW为-110‰~-76‰,δ¹⁸O_SMOW为5.3‰~7.9‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O为1.03‰~1.07‰,表明成矿流体来源于岩浆水,混合大气降水; 成矿时代为中泥盆世(约377 Ma),成矿作用与二长花岗岩的侵入有关; 温度和压力的降低、流体混合、水岩反应等在铁成矿过程中起着主导作用。  相似文献   

福建南平花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿田Nb-Ta-Sn地球化学研究     

陈国建 《福建地质》2014,33(4):262-270

福建南平是我国重要的花岗伟晶岩型矿田之一,伟晶岩主要产出在中-新元古代变质岩系中.伟晶岩脉的形成和加里东期西芹花岗岩具有密切的成因联系.根据伟晶岩主要矿物成分和所含Nb、Ta、Sn等元素可分为白云母-钾长石-早期钠长石型（Ⅰ）、白云母-钠长石-钾长石型（Ⅱ）、白云母-钾长石-钠长石型（Ⅲ）和白云母-钠长石-锂辉石型（Ⅳ）.对矿田中的中-新元古代变质岩系、西芹花岗岩,花岗伟晶岩中的Nb、Ta、Sn地球化学做了详细研究.认为南平伟晶岩是在区域地层和相关花岗岩中Nb、Ta、Sn含量具有高背景值的环境中产生的.伟晶岩在形成过程中,Nb、Ta、Sn元素伴随伟晶熔体的分异、演化及交代作用,其含量向晚期趋于增高,在白云母-钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩中,Nb、Ta、Sn构成了工业矿体,而且主要以独立矿物形式存在.  相似文献   

江西宜春雅山花岗岩体的成因与演化及其对成矿的制约   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

杨泽黎  邱检生  邢光福  余明刚  赵姣龙 《地质学报》2014,88(5):850-868

雅山岩体位于钦-杭成矿带东段萍乡-绍兴结合带西端,是华南地区最重要的钽铌矿化稀有金属花岗岩之一。该岩体为一经多阶段演化形成的复式岩体,自早至晚主要可区分为黑鳞云母-白云母花岗岩—锂云母花岗岩—黄玉锂云母花岗岩等不同阶段。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年表明,岩体成岩年龄约为150Ma,属晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物。化学组成上,雅山岩体富硅,贫铁、镁,分异演化程度高,分异指数（D. I）值普遍大于93,并具亚碱、强过铝特征,过碱指数（AKI值）多低于0.80,铝饱和指数（A/CNK值）均大于1.20。岩体富Cs、Rb、Th、U、Nb、Ta,亏损Ba、Sr,稀土总量低,并具显著的Eu负异常（δEu=0.04~ 0.25）。自早至晚,岩体的Na2O/K2O比值渐次增大,F含量逐渐增多,Ta/Nb比值增大,稀土总量急剧降低,Eu负异常和稀土元素四组分效应增强,成岩温度逐渐降低。岩体具有低的εNd(t)值（=-9.5~-10.7）和CaO/Na2O比值（<0.3）,指示其应主要起源于基底地壳中变质泥质岩的部分熔融,但其锆石εHf(t)值变化范围较大（=0.7~-14.8）,表明其成岩过程中也有地幔组分参与。综合分析表明,雅山岩体成因类型应属高分异的S型花岗岩,其成矿受到岩浆高程度分异演化和晚期流体-熔体相互作用的共同影响,但前者是导致Ta、Nb富集的主控因素。  相似文献