尖晶石的矿物学特性及其在工业上的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈娜娜  倪文 《地质论评》1994,40(1):28-35

尖晶石族矿物广泛地分布于自然界，它们是许多变质岩和岩浆岩的主要矿物成分。工业上应用较多的主要是镁铝尖晶和镁铬尖晶石。镁铝尖晶石耐火材料是目前冶金用耐火材料的重点发展方向之一，对这种材料的理论及应用研究也成为耐火材料研究的热点。尖晶石的其它应用，如尖晶石轴承及颜料等也取得了较大的发展。笔者根据尖晶石的矿物学特性，对尖晶石的生成以及工业生产的基本原理、基本工艺和基本过程操作一系统的概述，并对尖晶石原料  相似文献   

ICP—AES浓度比法在耐火材料分析中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

阴怀亮  黄少平 《岩矿测试》1990,9(2):110-114

本文叙述了适用于耐火材料分析的ICP-AES浓度比法通用公式,并成功地用于锆质、硅质、镁质、镁铬质、高铝粘土质等耐火材料常规样品的分析,获得了较高的精密度。尤其对含量高于80％的元素,测定的精密度更好。  相似文献   

Multi-stage melt–rock interaction in the Mt. Maggiore (Corsica, France) ophiolitic peridotites: microstructural and geochemical evidence     

Elisabetta Rampone  Giovanni B. Piccardo  Albrecht W. Hofmann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,156(4):453-475

Spinel and plagioclase peridotites from the Mt.Maggiore (Corsica, France) ophiolitic massif record a composite asthenosphere–lithosphere history of partial melting and subsequent multi-stage melt–rock interaction. Cpx-poor spinel lherzolites are consistent with mantle residues after low-degree fractional melting (F = 5–10%). Opx + spinel symplectites at the rims of orthopyroxene porphyroclasts indicate post-melting lithospheric cooling (T = 970–1,100°C); this was followed by formation of olivine embayments within pyroxene porphyroclasts by melt–rock interaction. Enrichment in modal olivine (up to 85 wt%) at constant bulk Mg values, and variable absolute REE contents (at constant LREE/HREE) indicate olivine precipitation and pyroxene dissolution during reactive porous melt flow. This stage occurred at spinel-facies depths, after incorporation of the peridotites in the thermal lithosphere. Plagioclase-enriched peridotites show melt impregnation microtextures, like opx + plag intergrowths replacing exsolved cpx porphyroclasts and interstitial gabbronoritic veinlets. This second melt–rock interaction stage caused systematic chemical changes in clinopyroxene (e.g. Ti, REE, Zr, Y increase), related to the concomitant effects of local melt–rock interaction at decreasing melt mass, and crystallization of small (<3%) trapped melt fractions. LREE depletion in minerals of the gabbronoritic veinlets indicates that the impregnating melts were more depleted than normal MORB. Preserved microtextural evidence of previous melt–rock interaction in the impregnated peridotites suggests that they were progressively uplifted in response to lithosphere extension and thinning. Migrating melts were likely produced by mantle upwelling and melting related to extension; they were modified from olivine-saturated to opx-saturated compositions, and caused different styles of melt–rock interaction (reactive spinel harzburgites, vs. impregnated plagioclase peridotites) depending on the lithospheric depths at which interaction occurred. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Hot contacts of garnet peridotites in middle/upper crustal levels: new constraints on the nature of the late Variscan high-T/low-P event in the Moldanubian (Central Vosges/NE France)     

Gayk  & Kleinschrodt 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2000,18(3):293-305.

P–T  paths based on parageneses in the immediate vicinity of former high-temperature contact zones between mantle peridotites and granulitic country rocks of the Central Vosges (NE France) were derived by applying several conventional thermometers and thermobarometric calculations with an internally consistent dataset. The results indicate that former garnet peridotites and garnet–spinel peridotites were welded together with crustal rocks at depths corresponding to 1–1.2 GPa. The temperature of the crustal rocks was about 650–700 °C at this stage, whereas values of 1100 °C (garnet peridotites) and 800–900 °C (garnet–spinel peridotites) were calculated for the ultramafic rocks. After emplacement of the mantle rocks, exhumation of the lower crust took place to a depth corresponding to 0.2–0.3 GPa. The temperatures of the incorporated peridotite slices were still high (900–1000 °C) at this stage. This is indicated by the presence of high- T  /low- P parageneses ( c . 800 °C, 0.2–0.3 GPa) in a small (1–10 m) contact aureole around a former garnet peridotite. Crustal rocks distant to the peridotites equilibrated in the same pressure range at lower temperature (650–700 °C). High cooling rates (10²–10³ °C Ma⁻¹) were calculated for a garnet–biotite rock inclusion in the peridotites and for the crustal rocks at the contact by applying garnet–biotite diffusion modelling. Minimum rates of 0.75–7.5 cm a⁻¹ are required for vertical ascent of rock units (30 km vertical distance) derived from the crust–mantle boundary, resulting in a late Variscan (340 Ma) high- T  /low- P event.  相似文献   

广西某难选冶银矿提银工艺研究     

蒋奇亮 《南方国土资源》2001,14(4):75-78

高砷高硫银矿有害杂质含量高 ,矿物成份复杂 ,直接氰化浸出率不到 2 0 %,属难选冶银矿。采用固化焙烧—氰化提银工艺 ,银浸出率可达 95 %以上。焙烧产生的As2 O3 、SO2 能以其盐的形式固定于焙砂中 ,不造成环境污染。  相似文献   

Estimating and simulating the degree of serpentinization of peridotites using hyperspectral remotely sensed imagery     

Freek van der Meer 《Natural Resources Research》1995,4(1):84-98

The mineral products resulting from the process of serpentinization, by which primary magnesium silicate minerals in peridotites are replaced by hydrous serpentine-group minerals, are of economic importance since Alpine-type peridotites are the host rocks for virtually all large asbestos deposits, which may be attributed mainly to the serpentine-group mineral chrysotile. Conventional field mapping of the distribution of highly serpentinized areas is time consuming and requires detailed sampling and laboratory analysis. In 0.4- to 2.5-m reflectance spectra of serpentinized peridotites, serpentinization is responsible for a decrease in contrast of olivine-pyroxene iron absorption features and an appearance and increase in OH^– absorption features near 1.4 m and 2.3 m associated with serpentine minerals. The degree of serpentinization is positively correlated with the depth of the 1.4-m and 2.3-m absorption features for samples containing more than 55 weight percent serpentine minerals. Small amounts of magnetite in a sample obscure the spectral contrast and decrease the overall brightness of weakly serpentinized samples. A methodology is used for mapping serpentine minerals in ultrabasic rocks from imaging spectrometer data, which includes (1) vegetation masking, (2) calculating the absorption band depth of the 2.3-m absorption feature in unmasked pixels, (3) translating this value into percent serpentine minerals using an empirical linear model, and (4) estimating the degree of serpentinization at the remaining locations using conditional simulation techniques or ordinary block kriging. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that mapping the degree of serpentinization from high-spectral resolution imagery is possible within marginal statistical fluctuations. Conditional simulation reproduces the spatial and statistical variability of the data set; however, it sacrifices the local accuracy. Direct estimation using ordinary kriging provides a better local estimate but does not honor the statistics and spatial dispersion of the original data.The spectral analyses presented in this publication were carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. The author would like to thank Mrs. Cindy Grove for her help in processing the samples. Dr. Harold Lang is thanked for advice in interpreting the spectra. The article benefitted from critical comments by Dr. Roger Clark and Dr. John Mustard, and various discussions with Prof. Salemon Kroonenberg and Prof. Andrea Fabbri. The Spectral Image Processing System (SIPS) developed at the Center for the Study of Earth from Space (CSES) of the University of Colorado, Boulder, was used for the GERIS data calibration. This article benefitted from a critical review by Dr. Daniel H. Knepper, Jr.  相似文献   

Mantle–crust interactions during Variscan subduction in the Eastern Alps (Nonsberg–Ulten zone): geochronology and new petrological constraints     

Simone Tumiati  Martin Thni  Paolo Nimis  Silvana Martin  Volkmar Mair 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,210(3-4):509-526

We have analyzed the Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr whole-rock and mineral isotope systematics of garnet peridotites and associated eclogites and migmatitic gneisses from the Nonsberg–Ulten zone of the Eastern Alps. The garnet peridotites include coarse-grained varieties, characterized by well-preserved to slightly modified mantle geochemical signatures, and finer-grained varieties enriched in amphibole and LILE. Hydration of some of the most strongly deformed, fine-grained peridotites by crustal fluids caused isotopic disequilibrium between the peridotite minerals, preventing accurate age determinations. The coarse-grained peridotites, the eclogites and the country migmatitic gneisses yield garnet–whole-rock and garnet–clinopyroxene Sm–Nd ages that indicate for all rock types an isotopic homogenization event at ca. 330 Ma. The similar ages suggest that all rock types shared a common history since the incorporation of the peridotites in the crust, and constrain the garnet-facies metamorphism of the peridotites, as well as partial melting of the crust, to an episode of crustal subduction at the end of the Variscan orogenic cycle.  相似文献   

亲铁元素异常——后增薄层模型     

朱丹  高振敏  罗泰义  李晓彪  柏坚  普传杰 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2003,22(1):65-68

地幔中铂族元素丰度是基于地球形成理论所得计算值的两三百倍，无论是地幔中还是球粒陨石中，铂族元素之间的比值是相近的；对于这一现象有很多解释，其中被普遍接受的是：地核形成后(核幔分异完成后)，大约占现在地球质量0．5％-1％的球粒陨石物质加入地幔，即可造成现在地幔中的铂族元素在丰度与比值方面的特征，这就是后增薄层模型(Late-veneer model)。但是，这一模型受到很多地幔样品铂族元素具非球粒陨石比值和高压下Co、Ni亲铁性测定结果的挑战。最近的地幔橄榄岩各相铂族元素精确测定、高压下Pt、Pd金属相与硅酸盐分配系数的测定，以及Re-Os同位素的研究都支持后增薄层模型。  相似文献   

Palaeomagnetic study of the Ronda peridotites (Betic Cordillera, southern Spain)     

V. Villasante-Marcos  M. L. Osete  F. Gervilla  V. García-Dueas 《Tectonophysics》2003,377(1-2):119

A palaeomagnetic study of the Ronda peridotites (southern Spain) has been carried out on 301 samples from 20 sites, spread along the three main outcrops of the ultrabasic complex: Ronda, Ojén and Carratraca massifs. Different lithologies and outcrops with different degrees of serpentinization have been sampled and analysed. Rock magnetic experiments have been carried out on a representative set of samples. These measurements include: Curie curves, hysteresis cycles, isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition curves, thermal demagnetization of IRM imparted along three orthogonal axes and magnetic bulk susceptibility. Results indicate that magnetite is the main magnetic mineral present in the samples. Stepwise thermal and alternating field (AF) demagnetization of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) reveals the presence of a characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) carried by magnetite, and in some sepentinized samples, a northward component with variable unblocking temperatures up to 250–575 °C. The appearance and the relative intensity of this northward component are strongly related to serpentinization degree. Taking into account the geological history of the peridotites, the ChRM has been considered as a thermo-chemical remanent magnetization acquired during the first serpentinization phase associated to the post-metamorphic cooling of this unit. On the basis of radiometric and fission track analysis, the ChRM is proposed to have been acquired between 20 and 17–18 Ma. The inclination of the mean direction of the ChRM statistically coincides with the expected inclination for stable Iberia during the Oligocene–Miocene. The declination of the ChRM differs from the expected declination, indicating clockwise block rotations of 41±12° about vertical axes since the cooling of the peridotites. When applying a compositional layering correction, the ChRM directions fail to pass this kind of fold test, thus, the compositional layering was not a palaeohorizontal during ChRM acquisition time. Normal and reversed polarities of the ChRM are reported, showing that at least one reversal of the Earth's magnetic field took place during ChRM acquisition process. A tentative polarity zonation within the peridotitic outcrops is also suggested. No evidence is found from these data for the previously proposed simultaneity between post-metamorphic cooling and rotation of the peridotites.  相似文献   

X射线荧光光谱法快速分析镁质耐火材料中硅铝铁钛钙镁   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王芙云  袁翠菊  任向阳 《岩矿测试》2008,27(3):232-234

采用X射线荧光光谱法快速测定镁质耐火材料（包括原料镁砂及其制品镁砖）中的SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、TiO₂、CaO、MgO等6种组分。利用粉末直接压片法制取试样,确定仪器最佳参数,系列标样建立工作曲线,经验系数法对基体效应进行校正。对于主次组分,方法精密度低于5%（n=10）。方法用于实际样品的测定,结果与实验室化学法和其他单位的X射线荧光光谱法相符。方法适用于厂矿企业大批量生产的镁质耐火材料化学组成分析。  相似文献