不同生长环境褐牙鲆的外观性状与肌肉营养成分的比较分析     

赵侠  关长涛  董登攀  崔勇  李娇  高天翔 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(8):41-47

讨论了网箱养殖、工厂化养殖和野生褐牙鲆的外观差异,对比分析了不同生长环境下褐牙鲆的肌肉营养成分和营养学价值。结果显示:网箱养殖的褐牙鲆体形、体色更接近野生褐牙鲆,即有眼侧呈深褐色,无眼侧呈白色;工厂化养殖褐牙鲆有眼侧体色较暗,无眼侧有黑斑。网箱养殖褐牙鲆脂肪含量(2.5%)远低于工厂化养殖的褐牙鲆(4.2%),而接近于野生的褐牙鲆(1.4%);网箱养殖褐牙鲆水分含量比工厂化养殖的高,也更接近野生的褐牙鲆。3种生长环境的褐牙鲆,氨基酸组成是一致的,而且各项比值也都符合FAO/WHO的标准。对比分析必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)和EPA+DPA、SFA、MUFA、PUFA等指标,网箱养殖褐牙鲆均要高于工厂化养殖褐牙鲆,接近而又优于野生的褐牙鲆。在矿物质含量方面,3种生长环境下的褐牙鲆差异不明显。综合各项指标分析,在褐牙鲆的3种生长环境中,网箱养殖的褐牙鲆要优于工厂化养殖的褐牙鲆,而更接近于野生的褐牙鲆。  相似文献   

Uplift of symmetrical anchor plates by using grid-fixed reinforced reinforcement in cohesionless soil     

Hamed Niroumand  Khairul Anuar Kassim 《中国海洋工程》2014,28(1):115-126

Uplift response of symmetrical anchor plates with and without grid fixed reinforced （GFR） reinforcement was evaluated in model tests and numerical simulations by Plaxis. Many variations of reinforcement layers were used to reinforce the sandy soil over symmetrical anchor plates. In the current research, different factors such as relative density of sand, embedment ratios, and various GFR parameters including size, number of layers, and the proximity of the layer to the symmetrical anchor plate were investigated in a scale model. The failure mechanism and the associated rupture surface were observed and evaluated. GFR, a tied up system made of fiber reinforcement polymer （FRP） strips and end balls, was connected to the geosynthetic material and anchored into the soil. Test results showed that using GFR reinforcement significantly improved the uplift capacity of anchor plates. It was found that the inclusion of one layer of GFR, which rested directly on the top of the anchor plate, was more effective in enhancing the anchor capacity itself than other methods. It was found that by including GFR the uplift response was improved by 29%. Multi layers of GFR proved more effective in enhancing the uplift capacity than a single GFR reinforcement. This is due to the additional anchorage provided by the GFR at each level of reinforcement. In general, the results show that the uplift capacity of symmetrical anchor plates in loose and dense sand can be significantly increased by the inclusion of GFR. It was also observed that the inclusion of GFR reduced the requirement for a large L/D ratio to achieve the required uplift capacity. The laboratory and numerical analysis results are found to be in agreement in terms of breakout factor and failure mechanism pattern.  相似文献   

排桩内支撑基坑典型失稳原因及处理对策分析          下载免费PDF全文

虞利军  王茸  陈敏军 《探矿工程》2014,41(6):77-79

排桩内支撑支护结构是软土地区建筑工程中常用的一种基坑支护结构型式。从设计和施工2方面对影响排桩内支撑支护结构稳定的因素进行了分析,并结合某基坑工程破坏实例,对排桩内支撑支护结构典型失稳原因进行了分析探讨,提出了处理对策。开挖结果表明处理措施安全有效。  相似文献   

青藏高原东北部观赏地被植物马蔺根系固土护坡效应研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘亚斌  李湘  余冬梅  马政  吉海龙  王芃  胡夏嵩  朱海丽  李国荣 《盐湖研究》2022,30(3)

为了进一步丰富青藏高原东北部地区植被护坡工程植物选择,推动区内植被护坡工程实用性和观赏性兼顾发展。该项研究以青藏高原东北部观赏地被植物马蔺为研究对象,以青海省大通县朔北藏族乡至东峡镇之间区域为研究区,在野外植物分布特征和生长特征调查的基础上,结合单根拉伸试验和重塑根-土复合体三轴压缩试验,定量评价了野生马蔺植株和根系生长特征、单根抗拉特性以及根系对土体抗剪强度的增强效应。试验结果表明：马蔺主要分布在研究区内洪积扇、坡积裙和河漫滩等地貌单元,立地条件包括上述地貌单元内的林下坡地、田间、道旁、湿地、荒地等;通过选取两处试验区开展调查可知,马蔺平均株高、冠幅和植株密度分别为75.22±11.40 cm、106.09±25.62 cm和1.51±0.55 株/m2;马蔺标准株根系分布深度可达50 cm,主要分布在0~30 cm深度范围内,根幅约40~50 cm;马蔺根径为0.20～0.70 mm,单根抗拉力、抗拉强度和延伸率平均值分别为7.94±2.91 N,46.30± 11.06 MPa和54.17%±17.08%,随着根径的增大,单根抗拉力和单根抗拉强度分别呈幂函数增大和幂函数降低关系,单根极限延伸率随着根径的增大呈逐渐增大变化趋势,但二者之间未表现出相对显著性的关系;马蔺根系对土体黏聚力和内摩擦角均有增强作用,可分别显著增强0~30 cm和0~10 cm深度范围内土体黏聚力和内摩擦角,且对土体黏聚力的增强作用较为显著。该项研究成果对于选用观赏地被植物马蔺进行研究区坡面水土流失、浅层滑坡等地质灾害现象的生态防护工作,具有理论研究价值和实际指导意义。  相似文献   

Distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental parameters in cage culture area of Sepanggar Bay,Sabah, Malaysia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Madihah Jaffar Sidik  Md. Rashed-Un-NabiMd. Azharul Hoque 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

This paper covers spatial and temporal variation in phytoplankton communities and physico-chemical water properties in the cage culture area of Sepanggar Bay, Sabah, Malaysia based on field measurement conducted during July 2005 to January 2006 to study the spatial and temporal variation in phytoplankton communities and physico-chemical water properties of the bay. Phytoplankton samples and water parameters data were collected from five different stations located inside the bay during Southwest, Interseasonal and Northeast monsoons. Forty phytoplankton genera, representatives of 23 families, were found in the study area with a mean abundance of 1.55 ± 1.19 × 10⁶ cells L⁻¹. Most of these genera belong to diatoms (82.17%), Dinoflagellates (17.55%) and cyanobacteria (0.29%). Three genera were found to be dominant (>10%) in phytoplankton abundance and these were Coscinodiscus spp. (36.38%), Chaetoceros spp (17.65%) and Bacteriastrum spp. (10.98%). The most dominant genus was Coscinodiscus spp. which showed high abundance during all monsoons and stations (except Station 3). Among the seven environmental parameters tested in this study, water temperature, pH and suspended sediment concentration were found to be significantly different between monsoons. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between stations for the studied physico-chemical parameters. A clear differences in phytoplankton densities were observed between monsoons and stations with higher mean abundances during interseasonal monsoon (2.40 ± 1.37 × 10⁶ cells L⁻¹) and at station five (2.05 ± 0.74 × 10⁶ cells L⁻¹), respectively. Conversely, the diversity indices, both Shannon–Wiener (H^′)$\left(H^{\prime }\right)$ and Pielou (J^′)$\left(J^{\prime }\right)$, showed no significant difference throughout stations and monsoons (except (H^′)$\left(H^{\prime }\right)$ for monsoons). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results demonstrated temporal differences in phytoplankton community structure with highly diverse phytoplankton assemblage. Through cluster analysis five groups of phytoplankton were attained (at 40% similarity level) though no marked separation of the taxonomic classes pointed towards the constant pattern of the phytoplankton assemblage in the studied area.  相似文献   

JGN型耐高温建筑结构胶抗震加固性能研究          下载免费PDF全文

程希莹  于敏  杨瑞敏  张伟  韩意 《地震工程学报》2022,44(5):1059-1066

为有效增强建筑结构的抗震性能、提高建筑抗震水平,对JGN型耐高温建筑结构胶抗震加固性能展开研究。将高活性酚醛胺(T－31)作为主固化剂、聚酰胺树脂(PA)为辅助固化剂,结合气相白炭黑、超细石英砂、石棉纤维、纳米材料、环氧树脂等材料,制备JGN型耐高温建筑结构胶。在高温环境下,使用万能试验机分析不同配比条件对结构胶抗震加固性能的影响。测试主要以拉伸强度、压缩强度以及压缩弹性模量为指标。测试结果表明：当固化剂质量比为45∶15、气相白炭黑掺量为4.5%、超细石英砂掺量为10%、石棉纤维掺量为10.5%、纳米SiO₂掺量为3.5%、纳米CaCO₃掺量为2.5%时,JGN型耐高温建筑结构胶的拉伸强度和压缩强度更大,压缩弹性模量得到优化,结构胶的抗震加固性能达到最佳状态。  相似文献   

主余震作用下高强钢筋混凝土框架的易损性分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘平  王超  张健新 《世界地震工程》2022,38(1):020-27

为研究主余震作用下配置高强钢筋的RC框架结构的抗震性能,根据相同设计指标和"等强代换"的原则,设计了三榀六层四跨的钢筋混凝土框架,纵向受力钢筋的强度等级分别为HRB400、HRB500和HRB600。通过OpenSees平台进行有限元建模,将最大层间位移角作为结构损伤指标,反应地震作用的结构响应。选取15条地震加速度时程,通过重复法构造人工主余震序列并进行IDA分析,得到结构在不同强度的主余震序列作用下的地震易损性曲线。结果表明:主震PGA越大,余震的最大层间位移角越大,结构达到各极限状态的概率越高。对比配置不同钢筋强度的三榀框架的计算结果,可知"等强代换"原则下,相同主余震序列作用时,钢筋强度的提高对结构抗倒塌性能有不利影响,但影响有限。  相似文献   

煤巷弱胶结顶板稳定性分析与变形控制技术     

余伟健  李可  刘泽  郭涵潇  安百富  王平 《岩土力学》2022,43(Z2):382-391

煤层顶板为弱胶结岩体时稳定性差,常在煤炭回采过程中或巷道掘进时发生大变形或失稳等现象,维护难度较大。针对煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板力学特征与变形控制等问题,以广西林场煤矿煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板支护工程为工程背景,采用现场调研、实验室试验、理论分析等方法进行研究。通过现场调研,发现研究巷道有顶板岩层自承能力差、受水环境影响、支护结构失效率高、底板受水影响底鼓量大、受采动影响等特征;顶板岩石点荷载试验表明,其单轴抗压强度仅为1.9～ 2.3 MPa,采用电镜扫描发现,弱胶结粉砂岩以粗粒矿物为骨架;在普氏理论的基础上,推导了巷道顶板和两帮承压极限表达式,提出了提高巷道围岩整体强度和承载能力、确定合理的锚杆支护参数、顶板设计锚索加强支护等弱胶结巷道围岩控制要点。依据试验分析与理论研究成果,提出了以注浆加固为基础,锚杆和锚索联合支护的控制方案,并在林场煤矿进行了工业性试验。现场监测数据表明,设计的支护方案可以有效地控制煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板变形。  相似文献   

应力分散型预应力抗拔桩系列技术研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

何世鸣 《探矿工程》2015,42(2):74-78

根据目前国内外预应力抗拔抗浮桩、部分粘结预应力抗拔抗浮桩的优缺点以及使用的局限性——长螺旋钻机对于桩径＞800 mm或桩长＞30 m的桩力不从心,研究了应力分散型预应力抗拔桩及钢筋钢绞线笼系列技术,用于一个直径1 m、桩长60 m的抗拔桩工程,采用旋挖成孔,可实现在工程桩上进行大吨位试桩,受力合理,节省资金和工期,实践证明该系列技术有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

南京冬季浓雾的演变特征及爆发性增强研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

刘霖蔚  牛生杰  刘端阳  陆春松 《南京气象学院学报》2012,35(1):103-112

2007年12月18—19日,南京地区出现了一次持续20h的浓雾过程,其中能见度低于50m的强浓雾几乎占到整个雾过程的1／3。利用同期在南京市北郊的外场观测数据,结合NCEP再分析资料,分析了该次雾的演变过程、微物理结构及边界层特征,探讨了地面雾爆发性增强的成因。结果表明：本次雾在西南平流的增湿作用下触发生成;日出后,平流输送和地表蒸发提供了充足水汽来源,贴地层逆温因高空下沉增温而向上抬升且稳定存在,因此大雾得以维持;整个雾过程中雾滴数浓度、平均直径、含水量随时间的变化趋势基本一致,平均谱曲线均呈指数下降分布,雾滴集中在小滴端;两次地面雾爆发性增强均发生在夜间,其特征为各微物理参量明显增大,滴谱上抬拓宽;爆发性增强的原因是地表气温陡降、贴地层逆温增强及可充当雾滴凝结核的气溶胶大粒子数增多。  相似文献