Peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc: Heterogeneous fluid supply in mantle wedge   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

YASUHIKO  OHARA & TERUAKI  ISHII 《Island Arc》1998,7(3):541-558

Detailed petrological work was carried out on serpentinized peridotite dredged and sampled by submersible from the southern part of the Mariana Trench to reveal the nature of the mantle wedge in the southern Mariana forearc. The southern part of the Mariana Trench is important in that we should expect to find a transect of a typical island arc structure; that is, from east to west, the Mariana forearc, the Mariana arc proper, the Mariana Trough (active back-arc spreading center), and the West Mariana Ridge (remnant arc). The most striking feature of peridotites from the southern part of the trench is that primary hornblende is a major constituent mineral in many specimens. Thus, the peridotite samples are divided into anhydrous (A-type), hydrous (H-type) and intermediate (I-type) groups. Petrological data suggest that each type of peridotite is a residue of extensive partial melting in the upper mantle. It is argued here that the I- and H-type peridotites were modified from `proto-A-type peridotite' by fluid infiltration. The fluid was enriched in Al, Ti, Fe, and alkalis, and may have caused changes in mineral and bulk chemical compositions of the peridotites. A-type peridotite derives from the `proto-A-type peridotite' directly, without any fluid contamination. After the formation of the `proto-A-, I-, and H-type peridotites', lower-temperature fluids, probably of seawater origin, produced retrograde metamorphism and alteration including serpentinization. The mantle wedge in the southern Mariana forearc was heterogeneous in fluid supply.  相似文献   

Bottom-current deposits in the Miocene–Pliocene Misaki Formation, Izu forearc area, Japan     

INTAE  LEE & YUJIRO  OGAWA 《Island Arc》1998,7(3):315-329

Sedimentary structures in the middle–late Miocene to early Pliocene Misaki Formation, Miura Group, Miura Peninsula, Central Japan, were studied, and paleocurrent data were interpreted as the result of deep-sea bottom-current flow. These current data were further compared with present-day bottom currents in the northwestern Pacific region. The Misaki Formation is thought to be a forearc deposit within the Izu oceanic arc, and is composed of thick volcaniclastic beds interbedded with siliceous biogenic clayey sediments. Sedimentary structures showing paleocurrent directions are involved in the upper part of the volcaniclastic beds, in the pumiceous beds just above the volcaniclastic beds, and in the pelagic sediments. Based on paleomagnetic data suggesting considerable rotation of the beds, all the current directions were reconstructed to their original orientation. The paleocurrents are summarized into the following three groups. The first group in the volcaniclastic beds indicates southeast-directed paleocurrent directions. The second group in the upper parts of volcaniclastic beds and in some pumiceous beds exhibits a southwest- and northeast-directed paleoflow. The third group usually observed in the pumiceous beds with parallel lamination displays a northwest- or southeast-directed paleocurrent. The origin of each group's paleoflow direction is attributed to turbidity current, internal tidal current, and contour current influences, respectively. Present-day observations of the deep-sea northwest Pacific suggest that most of the bottom-current indicators in the Misaki Formation are related to North Pacific Deep Water, possibly Antarctic Bottom Water as well as a combination of tidal and local effects. It is concluded that the beds of the Misaki Formation were deposited in the proto-Sagami basin ca 9 Ma and were formed under weak bottom currents in a wide and flat basin during colder climatic conditions, whereas the beds dated at ca 6 Ma were deposited under strong bottom-current flow, and were then accreted to the Honshu arc.  相似文献   

MORB‐like rocks in a Palaeozoic convergent margin setting,northeast New South Wales     

G. Caprarelli  E. C. Leitch 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):367-374

The Devonian mafic rocks from the Folly Basalt, northeast New South Wales, were emplaced in the forearc section of the Devonian‐Carboniferous magmatic arc preserved in the western part of the New England Fold Belt. Trace‐element abundances in fractionated metadolerites (maximum concentration of Ni = 85 ppm) from the Folly Basalt outcropping near Nundle demonstrate that these rocks have MORB affinity. Chondrite‐normalised rare‐earth element patterns are smooth and quasi‐horizontal; Ce/Yb ratios are 3.34–7.98; (La/Yb)_N ratios range from 0.69 to 2.23; (La/Sm)_N ratios of the rocks range from 0.63 to 1.55. The data are compatible with an origin of the melts from large degrees (>15%) of partial melting of mantle peridotite. A plausible mechanism for the production and emplacement of depleted magmas in the forearc zone of the Middle Palaeozoic eastern Australian magmatic arc involves the subduction of a hot oceanic spreading centre, which could cause the presence of a region of asthenospheric temperatures below the upper plate. It is also suggested that sustained high‐temperature conditions may have prevailed in the eastern Australian mantle for at least the last 400 million years.  相似文献   

Late Cretaceous subduction initiation and Palaeocene–Eocene slab breakoff magmatism in South-Central Anatolia,Turkey     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(1):66-87

The Late Cretaceous Alihoca ophiolite in the Inner Tauride suture zone (ITSZ) of South-Central Turkey represents part of a single ophiolitic thrust sheet that originated from the Inner Tauride ocean. The ophiolite contains upper mantle peridotites, cumulate wehrlites, layered-to-isotropic gabbros, and microgabbroic-to-doleritic dikes. An ophiolitic mélange beneath the Alihoca ophiolite includes blocks of limestone, peridotite, dolerite, basalt, and deep-sea sedimentary rocks (radiolarite, chert) in a matrix comprising sheared serpentinite and mudstone. Isotropic gabbro and dolerite dike rocks show enrichment in Sr, K, Rb, Ba, and Th (LILE) and depletion of Ta, Nb, Zr, Ti, and Y (HFSE), indicating an island arc tholeiite (IAT) affinity. Relatively younger dolerite rocks display low TiO₂ (<0.5 wt.%) contents, concave REE profiles with low HREE concentrations, and high LREE values, typical of boninitic affinities. The Alihoca ophiolite, hence, displays an IAT to boninitic geochemical progression in its magmatic evolution, reminiscent of many other Tethyan ophiolites in the region. It represents the remnant of a forearc oceanic crust, which developed during the early stages of subduction within the Inner Tauride ocean. Volcanic, volcano-sedimentary, and sedimentary rocks of the Uluk??la–Çamard? basin north of the ITSZ disconformably overlie the mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Alihoca ophiolite. Pillowed and massive lavas of the latest Cretaceous–Palaeocene Uluk??la Formation have alkaline basalt-to-basaltic andesite compositions, displaying relatively enriched LILE and LREE patterns with negative Nb and Ta anomalies. These geochemical features suggest that magmas of the Uluk??la–Çamard? volcanic rocks formed from partial melting of a metasomatized lithospheric mantle. This melting event was triggered by the influx of asthenospheric heat through a slab breakoff-induced window in the downgoing Tethyan oceanic lithosphere.  相似文献   

Controls on forearc basin architecture from seismic and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Great Valley Group,central Sacramento Basin,California     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(16):2030-2059

Seismic and sequence stratigraphic analysis of deep-marine forearc basin fill (Great Valley Group) in the central Sacramento Basin, California, reveals eight third-order sequence boundaries within the Cenomanian to mid-Campanian second-order sequences. The third-order sequence boundaries are of two types: Bevelling Type, a relationship between underlying strata and onlapping high-density turbidites; and Entrenching Type, a significantly incised surface marked by deep channels and canyons carved during sediment bypass down-slope. Condensed sections of hemipelagic strata draping bathymetric highs and onlapped by turbidites form a third important type of sequence-bounding element, Onlapped Drapes. Five tectonic and sedimentary processes explain this stratigraphic architecture: (1) subduction-related tectonic tilting and deformation of the basin; (2) avulsion of principal loci of submarine fan sedimentation in response to basin tilting; (3) deep incision and sediment bypass; (4) erosive grading and bevelling of tectonically modified topography by sand-rich, high-density turbidite systems; and (5) background hemipelagic sedimentation. The basin-fill architecture supports a model of subduction-related flexure as the principal driver of forearc subsidence and uplift during the Late Cretaceous. Subduction-related tilting of the forearc and growth of the accretionary wedge largely controlled whether and where the Great Valley turbiditic sediments accumulated in the basin. Deeply incised surfaces of erosion, including submarine canyons and channels, indicate periods of turbidity current bypass to deeper parts of the forearc basin or the trench. Fluctuations in sediment supply likely also played an important role in evolution of basin fill, but effects of eustatic fluctuations were overwhelmed by the impact of basin tectonics and sediment supply and capture. Eventual filling and shoaling of the Great Valley forearc during early Campanian time, coupled with dramatically reduced subsidence, correlate with a change in plate convergence, presumed flat-slab subduction, cessation of Sierran arc volcanism, and onset of Laramide orogeny in the retroarc.  相似文献   

About sequence boundary          下载免费PDF全文

《地学前缘》2012,19(1)

基于现行层序地层学标准化建议方案出现的层序边界差异,分析层序边界设置的演变历史,存在将相对应的整合面cc分别放置在海平面、相对海平面或基准面垂向变化的1/8周期处、最低点、最高点三种方式。Sloss关于科迪勒拉冒地槽和阿巴拉契亚冒地槽之间的北美克拉通层序划分的年代地层关系图解,以及生物地层学均证实不整合面“揳入”层序为整体趋势,包围层序仅为局部的,这一观念的转变有利于层序地层学进一步发展;岌岌湖现代水下加积扇实体模型经验地证实层序边界为残留最大水泛面及其相对应的不整合面,该定义也可为硅质碎屑背景借鉴。通过实例分析,比较了强迫海退底界、强迫海退顶界、残留最大水泛面＋相对应的整合面三种层序边界划分,建议将不整合面“包围层序”的观念调整到“揳入且包围层序”这一理念上来。此外,对岸线迹线周期性约束层序边界、横向上不整合面上下地层成因关联性与其不整合面发育时间区间呈负相关问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

孟加拉残留洋盆地形成过程与构造单元划分   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李林涛  朱光辉  闫青华 《地质与勘探》2012,48(6):1246-1252

孟加拉盆地位于印度板块东北部,处于印度板块、欧亚板块和缅甸微板块汇聚区,其东临印缅造山带,西接印度古地盾,北隔西隆高地与喜马拉造山带前渊相望,向南进入孟加拉湾。孟加拉盆地西部和北部发育在印度古陆上,其余大部分地区分布在白垩系残留洋壳上,属于残留洋盆地。本文结合区域构造和剖面演化特征,还原了孟加拉盆地的形成过程,并据此将孟加拉盆地划分为:前裂谷-同裂谷期、大陆漂移期、软碰撞期和硬碰撞期共四个构造演化阶段。结合构造演化过程和盆地现今构造沉积特征,将孟加拉盆地划分为:西部陆架、陆架斜坡带、南部坳陷、中部隆起带、北部坳陷和东部褶皱带共六个次级构造单元。演化过程研究表明,孟加拉盆地残留洋部分形成于古新世,并自始新世开始范围不断减小;至上新世,盆地东部残留洋消失,残留洋局限于盆地南部地区。孟加拉盆地残留洋部分控制了盆地沉积中心的分布和迁移,决定了盆地油气的分布。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地北部地区延安组煤层自燃烧变产物及其特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄雷  刘池洋 《地质学报》2014,88(9):1753-1761

煤层自燃是世界范围内普遍存在的一种地质现象,但针对煤层自燃形成的产物尚缺乏系统研究。我国鄂尔多斯盆地北部地区延安组煤层在地史时期普遍发生自燃,研究中主要针对该地区的煤层自燃烧变产物的特征进行系统分析。结果表明,煤层烧变产物包括烧变残留煤、煤灰、烧变岩三类,其纵向和横向剖面上具有明显的分带规律,对其岩石物理学、地球化学等特征分析显示较原岩(煤、泥岩、砂岩)发生了不同程度的变化,可将其看成一类特殊的变质岩类。  相似文献   

块体搬运复合体的识别、演化及其油气勘探意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李磊  王英民  张莲美  白广臣  王小刚 《沉积学报》2010,28(1):76-82

研究块体搬运沉积有助于揭示深水重力流沉积的分布和演化,对深水储层预测和圈闭评价具有重要意义。利用高分辨率三维地震资料进行深水块体搬运复合体的识别、演化规律以及在油气勘探中的意义进行探讨。研究发现:深水块体搬运复合体表现为弱振幅、杂乱、丘状地震反射,块体搬运复合体底部具有明显的线性侵蚀擦痕;块体搬运复合体常常与浊积水道、堤岸沉积伴生出现;块体搬运复合体对早期浊积岩侵蚀形成大量残余地层,残余浊积岩与块体搬运复合体可以形成潜在的深水地层圈闭。尽管块体搬运复合体本身不能作为有效的储层,但这些沉积体的准确识别可以提高深水浊积水道储层预测的精度,许多侵蚀过程和围绕块体搬运沉积所发育的地层关系提供创造地层圈闭的机会。  相似文献   

内蒙古西部额济纳旗雅干地区二叠系埋汗哈达组烃源岩的特征     

卢进才  魏仙样  魏建设  李玉宏 《地质通报》2010,29(203):341-345

在对额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系—二叠系的分布特征、岩性特征和沉积环境进行初步研究的基础上,通过对烃源岩展布、有机质丰度和热演化史的研究,结合储、盖条件与保存条件评价,总结了区内石炭系—二叠系油气地质条件。区内残留了厚数千米的上石炭统—上二叠统,岩性组合为碎屑岩+碳酸盐岩+火山岩,反映了裂谷型盆地的沉积特征。广泛发育的浅海陆棚相泥页岩具有较好的生烃条件,以Ⅱ—Ⅲ类干酪根为主,TOC含量中等,Ro一般为0.79%~1.08%,烃源岩演化以成熟为主,部分剖面受构造动力作用的影响达到过成熟。受盆地沉积与演化的控制,区内发育滨岸相砂砾岩、台地斜坡相生物碎屑灰岩、火山碎屑岩(或火山角砾岩)、火山熔岩、风化壳等多种类型的储集层。广泛分布的白垩系为良好的区域盖层,主要成烃期之后的构造作用以坳陷沉降或挤压抬升为主,有利于油气系统的保存。获得了一些与石炭系—二叠系烃源岩有关的油气赋存的信息,显示区内石炭系—二叠系具有良好的油气资源前景。  相似文献