西藏昌都镇地质灾害发育特征及防治对策   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

汤明高  许强  马和平  成民  杜先兴 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(4):11-16

昌都镇位于澜沧江上游“三河一江”地带(即昂曲、扎曲、色曲、澜沧江)。地质构造条件复杂,气候较恶劣,昼夜温差大,物理风化强烈,植被稀疏,地质灾害发育。该区是藏东的政治、经济、文化中心。随着地区的经济发展,其城镇建设与地质灾害之间的矛盾日益突出。调查研究显示昌都镇发育地质灾害33处,其中崩塌16处,占灾害点总数48.5%,主要发育于路堑边坡和河流下切侧蚀形成的自然边坡;滑坡13处,占灾害点总数的39.4%,且90%为土质滑坡,多与人类工程活动有关;泥石流4处,占灾害点总数的12.1%,以中小型为主。文章总结了昌都镇崩塌、滑坡和泥石流灾害的发育分布特征,地质灾害与地层岩性、空间位置和人类工程活动等之间的关系,以及对昌都城镇建设和发展的影响。结合调查分析提出了昌都镇地质灾害防治的总体策略———治灾、设防、治水、治坡、生态建设和加强环保意识。  相似文献   

Centrifuge modelling-based verification of response spectra design methods for some vulnerable structures     

S. P. G. Madabhushi  C. H. Lawson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(4):793-808

Residential RC framed structures suffered heavily during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India. These types of structures also saw severe damage in other earthquakes such as the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake in Turkey and 921 Ji-Ji earthquake in Taiwan. In this paper the seismic response of residential structures was investigated using physical modelling. Idealised soft storey and top heavy, two degrees of freedom (2DOF) portal frame structures were developed and tested on saturated and dry sand models at 25 g using the Schofield Centre 10-m Beam Centrifuge. It was possible to recreate observed field behaviour using these models. As observed in many of the recent earthquakes, soft storey structures were found to be particularly vulnerable to seismic loads. Elastic response spectra methods are often used in the design of simple portal frame structures. The seismic risk of these structures can be significantly increased due to modifications such as removal of a column or addition of heavy water tanks on the roof. The experimental data from the dynamic centrifuge tests on such soft storey or top-heavy models was used to evaluate the predictions obtained from the response spectra. Response spectra were able to predict seismic response during small to moderate intensity earthquakes, but became inaccurate during strong earthquakes and when soil structure interaction effects became important. Re-evaluation of seismic risk of such modified structures is required and time domain analyses suggested by building codes such as IBC, UBC or NEHRP may be more appropriate.  相似文献   

Early Estimation of Seismic Hazard for Strong Earthquakes in Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wen-Yu Jean  Yu-Wen Chang  Kuo-Liang Wen  Chin-Hsiung Loh 《Natural Hazards》2006,37(1-2):39-53

A shakemap system providing rapid estimates of strong ground shaking could be useful for emergency response providers in a damaging earthquake. A hybrid procedure, which combines site-dependent ground motion prediction models and the limited observations of the Real-Time Digital stream output system (RTD system operated by Central Weather Bureau, CWB), was set up to provide a high-resolution shakemap in a near-real-time manner after damaging earthquakes in Taiwan. One of the main factors that affect the result of ground motion prediction analysis is the existence of site effects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the local site effects and their influence in the ground shaking and then establish an early estimation procedure of potential hazard for damaging earthquakes. Based on the attenuation law, the site effects of each TSMIP station are discussed in terms of a bias function that is site and intensity-level dependent function. The standard deviation of the site-dependent ground motion prediction model can be significantly reduced. The nonlinear behavior of ground soil is automatically taken into account in the intensity-level dependent bias function. Both the PGA and the spectral acceleration are studied in this study. Based on the RTD data, event correctors are calculated and applied to precisely estimate the shakemap of damaging earthquakes for emergency response.  相似文献   

地物波谱研究现状及方法的初步探讨   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘峰  张继贤  靳奉祥  邵飞  张恒铁 《北京测绘》2005,(3):1-6,10

地物波谱特性是遥感技术应用的物理基础,是遥感定量分析的基础,地物波谱研究是遥感基础研究的重要内容。文中阐述了几种典型地物的波谱特征,介绍了测量方法及影响因素,并对国内外波谱数据库建设现状作了描述和分析,系统总结了前人研究成果后对地物波谱研究的发展方向提出了构想。  相似文献   

二维电子地图和三维虚拟场景的互响应     

苗青 《四川测绘》2005,28(3):103-105

本文提出了基于二维电子地图与三维虚拟场景之间相互响应的思想来克服它们各自的局限性.简要的描述了相互响应的原理、表现形式、实现流程及实现方法.最后提出了一些结论和展望.  相似文献   

一种层状大地瞬变电磁响应正演计算的改进方法     

罗润林  张小路 《物探化探计算技术》2005,27(1):25-28

频谱法是瞬变电磁法正演计算中常用的计算方法之一,其关键在于内层含贝塞尔函数的积分计算。对于重叠回线装置的瞬变电磁法正演的内层积分,以往采用在积分区间内寻找贝塞尔函数的零点分布,依次在相邻零点之间采用一般的数值积分法在求得各自的积分值后再叠加的方法进行计算。这种方法精度较高,但效率低。利用贝塞尔函数的大宗量渐近特性,提出一种新的计算方法。计算结果表明,该方法计算效率高、方法简单、精度可靠。  相似文献   

石太线下行K135滑坡特征与成因分析     

曹金亮  魏放  韩颖 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(1):49-52

滑坡位于石太线下行K135路段右侧偏西，平面上呈近似椭圆形，由原有老滑坡复活而形成。根据滑坡勘察，滑坡所处地貌单元属侵蚀剥蚀低中山区，滑坡区地层组成为第四系松散堆积物下伏晚古生代二叠系石千峰组泥岩、砂岩互层。在分析滑坡几何特征、地质构造特征、水文地质条件及滑坡变形破坏特征的基础上，探讨了滑坡的成因，认为老滑坡的成因以自然形成为主，新滑坡则发育并活动于老滑坡堆积物中，因某部门在老滑坡体前缘修建收费站，进行了大面积不适当的工程开挖，形成临空面，加之降雨的作用降低了土体的粘聚力及抗剪强度，在上覆岩土体的重力作用下形成新滑坡。老滑坡为巨型厚层滑坡，属于自然滑坡，新滑坡为大型中层滑坡，属于工程滑坡。  相似文献   

贵州大方县公鸡山地裂缝特征成因及防治     

安正泽 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(1):69-71

文章通过对贵州省大方县以公鸡山地裂隙实地调查，认为地裂隙的形成主要与公鸡山一带地下采煤有关。即采煤虚脱，沿先存构造断裂拉张而成。同时叙述了地裂缝特征及危害，并提出防灾减灾措施。  相似文献   

克拉玛依近40年来气温变化特征分析     

杨建成  孙东霞 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2005,28(1):11-12

利用1961～2000年克拉玛依的逐月平均气温、平均最高、最低气温、高温日数等资料，对克拉玛依近40年的气温变化作了较全面的分析。  相似文献   

祁连山林区大气降水特征与森林对降水的截留作用   总被引：30，自引：3，他引：30  

常学向  赵爱芬  王金叶  常宗强  金博文 《高原气象》2002,21(3):274-280

通过对连山寺大隆林区定位站1975－2000年的降水特征与森林对降水的再分配分析，建立了祁连山大隆林区降水与温度，降水与湿度，林冠截留的关系式。该区多年平均降水量为433.5mm，年变幅在326.4-539.7mm;降水量最大出现在夏季，占全年降水量的65．70％；海拔高度每升高100m，年了量平均递增4．55％，林区温度和湿度均与降水有较好的拟合关系。青海云杉林与祁连圆柏林林冠对大气降水的平均截留率分别为37．5％，31．7％，灌木林的截留率平均高达66．5％。青海云杉林林冠层平均截留率随着降雨量的增大逐渐减小，当降雨量为18.67mm时，林冠截留量达到最大，为14.72mm；青海云杉树干径流量占降水量的0．51％，当降雨量超过12.0mm时，才开始产生树干径流。青海云杉林枯枝落叶层对降雨的截留量随降雨量级增加而增大，截留率则随降雨量减小而增大，枯枝落叶层所具有的截留降雨和调蓄降雨作用使祁连山林区基本不发生地表径流。分析结果表明，祁连山林区对水源涵养和水流出山的时间调控有重要意义。  相似文献