Particle size characteristics of aeolian ripple crests and troughs     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):1859-1874

Ripples are prevalent in aeolian landscapes. Many researchers have focused on the shape and formation of sand ripples, but few have studied the differences in the particle size of sand on crests and in troughs along bed, especially the variations caused by changes in friction velocity and the wind‐blowing duration. A particle size of 158 μm (d ) was used to create aeolian ripples in a wind tunnel under four friction velocities (u *) with different wind duration times (t ). Samples were collected from the surfaces of ripple crests and troughs, respectively, at seven sites, and particle sizes were measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000. The main results were: (i) The particle size distributions of sand in troughs are unimodal with slight variations of particle size parameters, including mean particle size, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis, etc., under different conditions, while these particle size parameters of sand on crests change with friction velocity and deflation time. Moreover, some of the particle distribution curves for the sand on crests do not follow typical unimodal curves. (ii) With increasing friction velocity or deflation duration, the sand on the crests shows a coarsening process relative to those on the bed surface. The particle size of sand on crests at a 1 m bed increases linearly with friction velocity (d  =  344·27 + 34·54 u *) at a given wind‐blowing duration. The particle sizes of sand on crests at 1 m, 2 m and 4 m beds increase with a power‐law relationship (d  = a + t ^b, where a and b are fitting parameters) with deflation time at a given friction velocity. (iii) The probability cumulative curves of sand showed a three‐section pattern in troughs and on most of the crests but a four‐section pattern at crest locations due to increased influence by friction velocity and deflation time. The proportions of the sediment moved by suspension, saltation and creep in the three‐section pattern were within the ranges of 0·2% to 2·0%, 97·0% to 98·9%, and 0·8% to 3·0%, respectively. For the four‐section pattern, suspension accounted for 0·3% and 3·0%, and the proportion of creep increased with friction velocity and deflation time, while saltation decreased accordingly. Although these results require additional validation, they help to advance current understanding of the grain‐size characteristics of aeolian ripples.  相似文献   

滇西北衙金多金属矿床成矿作用特征标志          下载免费PDF全文

周云满  张长青  和中华  刘博  王利东 《地质找矿论丛》2018,33(1):1-14

文章通过对北衙金多金属矿床成矿作用特征标志的系统总结,认为从岩体内部到外接触带,矿化样式以"脉-块体-层-脉"的内外多元结构模式产出:岩体内部Au-Fe(Cu)矿体呈透镜状脉、平行脉沿断层破碎带陡倾斜产出;岩体接触带附近的矽卡岩带围绕岩体呈环状分布,Au-Fe-Cu矿体以大透镜状、块体状在矽卡岩带中断续产出;外带Au-Fe、Pb-Ag矿体呈似层状、透镜状,沿层间破碎带产出;远程带Au-Fe矿体呈小透镜状脉、平行脉沿断层破碎带陡倾斜产出。矿体对应的矿物组合、成矿元素和蚀变分带具有自高温到低温的分布规律和矽卡岩型矿床的特征。矿床的热液成矿作用阶段可划分为早矽卡岩、晚矽卡岩、磁铁矿、石英硫化物以及碳酸盐五个热液阶段,各阶段流体包裹体划分为富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体、含子晶矿物包裹体、富含CO_2三相包裹体等四类。成矿年龄为36.46 Ma—39.44 Ma,与石英正长斑岩的成岩年龄35.00 Ma—36.72 Ma基本一致。矿床成矿深度范围为0.7~2.2km。矿床类型为斑岩-矽卡岩型金多金属矿床。北衙组碳酸盐岩(T_2b)+多期断裂构造系统(接触带构造、岩性界面及层间破碎带、断裂裂隙、不整合面构造)+喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩侵位构成了"三位一体"的成矿系统和成矿模式。  相似文献   

巴颜喀拉热琼锑矿化综合物化探特征与找矿标志          下载免费PDF全文

刘亮  苏画  王超  孙占营  陈时华  张鹏 《地质找矿论丛》2019,34(4):619-625

青海多尔娘地区热琼锑矿化(点)位于北巴颜喀拉成矿带内,通过对水系、土壤、极电等物化探综合测量,圈定物化探异常,在优选出的物化探综合异常进行地质测量及槽探工程控制。结果表明,热琼锑矿化(点)具有良好的找矿前景;热琼锑矿点成矿类型属构造热液型,找矿标志为花岗斑岩岩脉、硅化、褐铁矿化、辉锑矿化。  相似文献   

四川省会理县海潮铜矿床的成矿地质特征          下载免费PDF全文

贺勇刚  唐述文  易建  黄隆鸿 《地质找矿论丛》2019,34(1):66-71

四川省会理县海潮铜矿赋存于中元古界落雪组白云岩类和碳质板岩中,矿体呈层状、似层状及透镜状产出,产状与地层基本一致,局部具有分支现象;主要的围岩蚀变有褪色化、硅化、碳酸盐化和绢云母化;共有6个工业铜矿体,其中Ⅰ1和Ⅰ2矿体为主矿体;矿石自然类型以原生矿石为主,另有部分氧化矿石;根据赋矿岩石可分为板岩型和白云岩型。海潮铜矿床是中元古代裂谷环境下形成的热水沉积-改造型矿床。  相似文献   

Extraction of morphometric bedform characteristics from profiling sonar datasets recorded in shallow coastal waters of China     

黄瀚  汪亚平  高抒  陈坚  杨旸  高建华 《中国海洋工程》2012,26(3):469-482

The morphological characteristics of small-scale bedforms were measured by means of an acoustic profiling sonar on the Dafeng tidal flat,Jiangsu,in 2009,and in the Jiulong Estuary,Xiamen,in 2010,respectively.The "multi-threshold value" method was utilized to reveal the morphological undulations along which bedforms were present.Analyses of the datasets obtained show that:(1) sand ripples can have irregular shapes,and(2) changes in bedform morphology are small within a single tidal cycle but may be significant over several tidal cycles.Fractal and variogram analyses of the seabed roughness revealed the existence of a significant relationship between current speed and the fractal dimension of the seabed roughness.As current speed increases,seabed roughness increases with a trend of smaller-scale bottom structures being replaced by larger-scale structures.Furthermore,the surface of the larger-scale bottom structures can either become smooth due to the absence of smaller-scale features or become rougher due to the presence of superimposed smaller-scale structures.  相似文献   

吉黑复合造山带古亚洲洋向滨太平洋构造域转换   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

彭玉鲸  齐成栋  周晓东  卢兴波  董红辰  李壮 《地质与资源》2012,21(3):261-265

构造运动、岩浆活动、变质作用、矿床形成等地质事件节律的耦合,表明吉黑复合造山带古亚洲洋构造体制结束的综合标志时间为250~230 Ma,太平洋构造体制启动的综合标志时间为227~222 Ma.从全球构造观之,它们受Pangaea联合古陆形成的时间（330~230 Ma）和进入新超大陆旋回（230~0 Ma）首次裂解的时间（224 Ma）所制约.  相似文献   

Preservation of cross-sets due to migration of current ripples over aggrading and non-aggrading beds: comparison of experimental data with theory   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joep E. A. Storms  Remke L. Van Dam  & Suzanne F. Leclair 《Sedimentology》1999,46(1):189-200

An experimental study of the preservation of cross-sets during the migration of current ripples under aggrading and non-aggrading conditions was conducted in order to test the modified Paola–Borgman theory for distribution of cross-set thickness as a function of distribution of bed-wave height. In a series of flume experiments, the geometry and migration characteristics of the ripples did not vary systematically with aggradation rate and are comparable to other flume and river data.
Mean cross-set thickness/mean formative bed-wave height is less than 0·4, and mean cross-set thickness/mean bed-wave height is less than 0·53. In the present experiments, the primary control of cross-set thickness is the variability of ripple height. Aggradation rate accounts for only 1–7% of the total cross-set thickness.
A two-parameter gamma density function was fitted to histograms of ripple height to determine the value of parameter a needed for the modified Paola–Borgman model. This model underestimates cross-set thickness because of its assumption that bed-form height spreads evenly above and below the mean bed level, which is not the case in reality. Mean cross-set thickness is predicted quite well if the model constant is increased to 1·3.  相似文献   

华北北部Ms≥5．0地震前震源区附近中小地震主压应力轴的变化特征     

曹井泉  刘芳 《东北地震研究》2008,24(1):8-13

通过对华北北部11次Ms≥5.0地震前2年至震后1年震源区(△≤150km)附近中小地震主压应力轴相对背景场的变化研究结果表明,Ms≥5.0地震前9～1个月左右,震源区附近中小地震主压应力轴往往出现45°～90°左右的转向变化,或主压应力轴出现仰角增大,且增大幅度大于45°的异常变化,这种变化一般在震后几个月至1年左右结束。  相似文献   

神秘的微型隧道--贵州瓮安震旦系陡山沱组磷酸盐化化石上的黄铁矿拖曳痕     

刘鹏举  尹崇玉 《地质论评》2006,52(1):11-14

贵州瓮安磷矿陡山沱组磷质岩中含有丰富的磷酸盐化球状化石,化石常为一些微型隧道所贯穿,这些微型隧道有生物成因和非生物成因解释。通过详细观察,发现隧道的末端常见一个黄铁矿颗粒,其大小与隧道宽度一致;隧道内壁发育有平行的纵纹,在化石壳面上发育的隧道底部常见呈棱角状的突起,在隧道转折处多呈尖凸的棱角状。这些隧道的成因应与黄铁矿关系密切,隧道为有机质降解产生的气体形成了足以使黄铁矿颗粒前导面胶磷矿溶解的压力、并驱使黄铁矿颗粒移动所形成的拖曳痕。  相似文献   

广东达濠半岛近代高海滩岩的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

袁又申  毕福志 《现代地质》1988,2(2):215

广东达濠半岛现已发现距今三千多年的3个时期的海滩岩残留体,对它的认识有海滩岩与风成砂丘岩两种观点,笔者确定是海滩岩。本文从层面构造的流水线理、障碍物痕迹、波痕、鸟类足迹,岩层的韵律,胶结物的文石,微体古生物动物群,以及氧碳同位素的测定等多方面研究,认为该地海滩岩为热带、广盐度、与外海相通的滨海沉积物。 达濠海滩岩不是高海面的遗迹,而是海岸地壳抬升的证据。在构造格架上,位于北西西向强（震）隆起带上,上地幔隆起达2km。  相似文献