Preliminary data on chemical changes in the Aral Sea during low-level periods from the last 9000 years     

Laurence Le Callonnec  Alain Person  Maurice Renard  René Létolle  Nathalie Nebout  Leila Ben Khelifa  Ivan Rubanov 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(12):1035-1044

The withdrawal of the Aral Sea tributaries (Amu and Syr Daria) for cultures has led to significant falls of its level and an important increase in its salinity. During the Holocene, a succession of low and high water inputs occurred. Silty deposits correspond to the high levels and carbonates to the low levels. This study makes a distinction between the Syr Daria and the Amu Daria water inputs during low-level periods by using mineralogical and chemical compositions of the carbonates deposits. Waters from the Syr Daria are more sulphatic and have a low iron content in comparison with that of the Amu Daria. The Syr Daria was the major tributary around 7500, 4956 and 970 yr?BP, whereas around 6200 and 3610 yr?BP, inflow also from the Amu Daria is observed. To cite this article: L. Le Callonnec et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

Hydrological variations on the Central Tibetan Plateau since the Last Glacial Maximum and their teleconnection to inter‐regional and hemispheric climate variations          下载免费PDF全文

THOMAS KASPER  TORSTEN HABERZETTL  JUNBO WANG  GERHARD DAUT  STEFAN DOBERSCHÜtz  LIPING ZHU  ROLAND MÄUSBACHER 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(1):70-78

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Composition and flux of suspended organic matter in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) — impact of the Three Gorges Dam and the role of tributaries and channel erosion          下载免费PDF全文

Hongyan Bao  Ying Wu  Jing Zhang  Bing Deng  Qing He 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1137-1147

To investigate the sources of particulate organic matter (POM) and the impact of Three Gorges Dam (TGD), two large lakes and erosion processes on determining the composition and flux of POM in low water discharge periods along the middle and lower Changjiang, suspended particulate samples were collected along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) in January 2008. Organic geochemistry of bulk sediment (particulate organic carbon, organic carbon to nitrogen molar ratio (C/N), stable carbon isotope (δ¹³C) and grain size) and biomarker of bulk sediment (lignin phenols) were measured to trace the sources of POM. The range of C/N ratios (6.4–8.9), δ¹³C (?24.3‰ – ?26.2‰) and lignin phenols concentration Λ8 (0.45 mg/100 mg OC‐2.00 mg/100 mg OC) of POM suggested that POM originated from the mixture of soil, plant tissue and autochthonous organic matter (OM) during the dry season. POM from lakes contained a higher portion of terrestrial OM than the mainstream, which was related to sand mining and hydropower erosion processes. A three end‐member model based on δ¹³C and Λ8 was performed. The results indicated that soil contributed approximately 50% of OM to the POM, which is the dominant OM source in most stations. POM composition was affected by total suspended matter (TSM) and grain size composition, and the direct OM input from two lakes and channel erosion induced OM. The lower TSM concentration in January 2008 was mainly caused by seasonal variations; the impact from the TGD in the dry season was relatively small. A box model indicated that more than 90% of the terrestrial OM transported by the Changjiang in January 2008 was from the middle and lower drainage basins. Channel erosion induced OM, and contributions from Poyang Lake were the major terrestrial OM sources in the dry season. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatio‐temporal variability of the isotopic input signal in a partly forested catchment: Implications for hydrograph separation     

Carles Cayuela  Jrme Latron  Josie Geris  Pilar Llorens 《水文研究》2019,33(1):36-46

The isotopic composition of precipitation (D and ¹⁸O) has been widely used as an input signal in water tracer studies. Whereas much recent effort has been put into developing methodologies to improve our understanding and modelling of hydrological processes (e.g., transit‐time distributions or young water fractions), less attention has been paid to the spatio‐temporal variability of the isotopic composition of precipitation, used as input signal in these studies. Here, we investigated the uncertainty in isotope‐based hydrograph separation due to the spatio‐temporal variability of the isotopic composition of precipitation. The study was carried out in a Mediterranean headwater catchment (0.56 km²). Rainfall and throughfall samples were collected at three locations across this relatively small catchment, and stream water samples were collected at the outlet. Results showed that throughout an event, the spatial variability of the input signal had a higher impact on hydrograph separation results than its temporal variability. However, differences in isotope‐based hydrograph separation determined preevent water due to the spatio‐temporal variability were different between events and ranged between 1 and 14%. Based on catchment‐scale isoscapes, the most representative sampling location could also be identified. This study confirms that even in small headwater catchments, spatio‐temporal variability can be significant. Therefore, it is important to characterize this variability and identify the best sampling strategy to reduce the uncertainty in our understanding of catchment hydrological processes.  相似文献   

基于Arc GIS Server的高铁基础设施安全监测管理系统研究     

李道震  张长生  强小俊  郎向伟 《测绘工程》2016,25(6)

为了提高高铁基础设施安全监测的信息化水平,实现监测超标预警的实时性,研究实现高铁基础设施安全监测管理系统。利用ArcScan进行影像矢量化和属性数据录入,系统业务数据库采用Oracle 11g,并在其中建立基于ArcSDE的空间数据库,通过ArcGIS Sever发布地图服务。系统采用B/S体系结构,利用WebSocket技术实现服务器端和浏览器端的实时通信,调用ArcGIS API for JavaScript完成了系统GIS模块功能。通过在试验工程中的应用表明,系统实用性强,提高高铁基础设施安全监测的信息化水平,具有较高的应用价值。  相似文献   

变形监测技术在库岸防治工程中的应用     

白洪伟  曾峰  吴满意 《测绘科学》2016,41(11):160-165

针对库岸稳定性检测的需求,该文将现代变形监测技术应用于乌江彭水县水电站鹿角镇库岸防治工程,对地表进行抗滑桩顶和岸坡表层水平位移和垂直位移监测,地下进行岸坡深层水平位移监测。文章对边坡变形监测进行分析,主要包括岸坡表层变形情况、岸坡深层位移情况、重要建筑物基础不均匀沉降情况及抗滑桩顶变形初步分析。对库安防治工程进行预警分析,可保证彭水县水电站的安全。  相似文献   

采空区输气管道弹性变形分析     

魏威 《矿产与地质》2016,(5):833-836

近年来输气管道工程的大规模建设,其不可避免地要通过一些煤矿采空沉陷区和地质构造复杂区域。煤矿采空沉陷区的地表移动变形必然会使上覆的输气管道发生变形、甚至破坏,因此,分析与预测煤矿采空区地埋输气管道的安全性具有重要意义。本文以西气东输一线为例,依据弹性理论分析计算,当管道下伏分别为土体和岩体时,输气管道破坏时的岩土体垮塌宽度,并统计在垮塌影响范围一定的条件下,岩土体垮塌宽度与管道变形及最小曲率半径之间的规律。结果表明,管道的弯曲变形与垮塌宽度之间呈递增关系。  相似文献   

河元背地区绳索取心钻进泵压计算模型的建立与应用          下载免费PDF全文

康鑫  李生海  刘晓阳  王荣璟  段隆臣 《探矿工程》2016,43(2):28-31

泵压是反映金刚石绳索取心钻进时井内作业是否正常的重要参数。为了进一步研究泵压波动变化与实际钻进作业之间的关系,指导钻进工作的快速、安全开展,结合江西相山河元背地区CUSD2井实际泵压波动数据及相关钻进资料,建立了适用于本井的循环系统压力损失计算模型。对比分析模型计算的理论泵压与实际泵压的波动变化趋势,将模型应用于实际钻进,在此基础上预测后续地层的泵压波动区域范围,发现7 MPa的泵压安全值不再适用于后续地层钻进,调整设置泵压安全值为10 MPa,并利用邻井泵压波动数据进一步验证其可靠性。适当调整修正理论模型,使其可应用于河元背以及相山地区绳索取心钻进中,指导该地区钻探工作。  相似文献   

定向钻进敷设电缆保护管轨迹优化设计研究          下载免费PDF全文

魏志强 《探矿工程》2016,43(12):85-89

在老旧城区内采用定向钻进敷设地下管线,常常需要从已有的各类地下建（构）筑物或管线下方穿过,方案设计时就应考虑新建管道与之安全距离的取值问题。以厦门市某110 kV电力电缆的定向钻进工程的实际需求为出发点,在对国内现有规程规范及工程实例调查的基础上,对电力电缆保护管定向钻进敷设安全距离取值的影响因素进行分析,优化工程定向钻进敷设方案,指导该工程的建设,并为类似工程建设提供参考。  相似文献   

Uncertainty in dam safety risk analysis     

Gregory B. Baecher 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2016,10(2):92-108

The character and importance of uncertainty in dam safety risk analysis drives how risk assessments are used in practice. The current interpretation of uncertainty is that, in addition to the aleatory risk which arises from presumed uncertainty in the world, it comprises the epistemic aspects of irresolution in a model or forecast, specifically model and parameter uncertainty. This is true in part but it is not all there is to uncertainty in risk analysis. The physics of hazards and of failure may be poorly understood, which goes beyond uncertainty in its conventional sense. There may be alternative scenarios of future conditions, for example non-stationarity in the environment, which cannot easily be forecast. There may also be deep uncertainties of the type associated with climate change. These are situations in which analysts do not know or do not agree on the system characterisation relating actions to consequences or on the probability distributions for key parameters. All of these facets are part of the uncertainty in risk analysis with which we must deal.  相似文献