柴达木盆地一里坪盐湖富锂卤水特征、储层物性及富水区分析     

赵艳军  焦鹏程  汪明泉  张大义  朱振光  胡宇飞 《地质学报》2021,95(7):2062-2072

一里坪盐湖是柴达木盆地中一个典型的富锂卤水矿床,具有重大的经济价值.本文以查明盐湖深部卤水分布为目的,从卤水储层的空间分布特征和储层物性的角度对富水区进行预测,为卤水开发提供依据.研究区位于一里坪成盐盆地沉积中心区域,晚更新世末期以来,以沉积浅湖相的含淤泥和黏土粉砂岩,盐湖相的含粉砂和黏土的石盐岩为特征.在垂向上,由上下两套石盐岩夹中部粉砂岩组成一里坪富锂卤水的储层;平面上,研究区北部主要为浅湖相,往南过渡为盐湖相,石盐岩厚度在东南部最大.对储层厚度、孔隙度和给水度的分析表明,第Ⅱ矿层孔隙型和晶间型卤水优质储层均位于研究区东部,可作为卤水资源勘查开采的重点区域.  相似文献   

老盐井组井型互换再利用工程实践          下载免费PDF全文

郭家轩  张旭  胡志兴 《探矿工程》2021,48(6):7-14

水平钻井连通水溶采卤一直是开采井矿盐资源最常用和最经济有效的手段,但由于地层条件复杂、饱和卤水结晶、套管破损等因素造成盐井组采卤运行过程中通道堵塞,一直是制约盐井组运行年限的主要原因。近些年,对堵塞井组修治常用方法有憋压、通井、开窗侧钻,其中水平井开窗侧钻重新对接现有溶腔在很多盐田区块修井中被广泛应用。在河北宁晋石盐田Y2-Y4井组修井过程中,存在老溶腔无法再利用的情况,此时老溶腔成为井组二次对接的“累赘”。在该区块首次采用井组井型互换（水平井改直井,直井改水平井）的方法,避开了老溶腔,实现了老井组的再利用。  相似文献   

采卤对接井施工工艺的工程实践          下载免费PDF全文

谷惠东 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):154-159

以江西九二盐业403-404采卤对接井组的施工工程为案例,系统介绍了井区地质情况、钻探施工情况;总结了大口径取心工具的优点,螺杆定向钻进施工工艺及攻克技术难点。  相似文献   

卤水中溶解性有机质的光谱学性质和光降解行为研究     

杨克利  董亚萍  李武  彭姣玉  刘海宁 《地学前缘》2021,28(6):187-195

卤水中溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)会对盐田日晒工艺和产品质量产生不利影响,如盐田卤水的蒸发速率减缓、蒸发度减小以及提取的矿物产品带有刺鼻的气味、浓重的颜色等。因此,对具有资源开发利用价值的卤水体系中DOM结构和性质的研究可以为后续DOM的有效去除或在DOM共存体系中调控无机盐结晶工艺路线提供有效的指导意见。本文以自然界中广泛存在的两种不同类型的卤水体系,即盐湖卤水DOM(SLDOM)和油田卤水DOM(OFDOM)为研究对象,采用溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)分析、光谱学分析和平行因子分析等手段对DOM的含量、分子量分布特征、光谱学结构和光降解行为开展了研究。DOC和荧光分析表明SLDOM和OFDOM的DOC含量和生物指数(BIX)值相似;与OFDOM相比,SLDOM的腐质化指数(HIX)值和高分子量组分(HMW)比例偏高;特别吸收光谱(SUVA₂₅₄)和糖类化合物含量检测结果表明,SLDOM和OFDOM的HMW组分中含有的芳香类和糖类化合物所占比例比低分子量组分(LMW)高;三维荧光谱图分析(EEM)结果表明,SLDOM主要以腐殖质类物质为主,而OFDOM以蛋白质类组分为主。此外,DOM的荧光组分在不同分子量中的分布也存在明显差异:对于SLDOM,富里酸主要分布在HMW DOM中,而腐殖酸主要在LMW DOM中;对于OFDOM,芳香胺类蛋白组分主要分布在HMW DOM中,色氨酸和酪氨酸类蛋白组分主要分布在LMM DOM中。在光降解实验中,SLDOM和OFDOM的DOC含量随光照时间增加而逐渐减少,分别下降了29.32%和15.11%。进一步的分析表明,光照过程中两种卤水中糖类化合物均减少,小分子量的DOM优先分解。此外,在光照过程中SLDOM芳香类化合物增加,腐质化程度基本不变;OFDOM芳香类化合物减少,腐质化程度增加。EEM平行因子分析(PARAFAC)结果表明,SLDOM荧光组分在光降解过程中荧光强度增加,而OFDOM荧光强度减少。  相似文献   

Interannual Salinity Variability in the Tropical Pacific in CMIP5 Simulations     

Hai ZHI  Rong-Hua ZHANG  Pengfei LIN  Peng YU 《大气科学进展》2019,36(4):378-396

Salinity variability and its causes in the tropical Pacific are analyzed using observations, reanalysis products and model simulations. The mixed-layer salinity(MLS) budget analyses from observations and reanalysis products indicate that its interannual evolution is closely related to ENSO and is predominantly governed by surface forcing and surface advection in the western-central equatorial Pacific. It is found that the observed MLS tendency leads Nin?o3.4 by about 12 months due to the effect of negative freshwater flux(evaporation minus precipitation). These observation-based analyses are used to evaluate the corresponding simulation using GFDL-ESM2 M. It is evident that the model can simulate the spatiotemporal variations of MLS with some discrepancies compared to observations. In the warm pool of the equatorial Pacific the MLS tendency in the model is sensitive to ocean dynamics, however model biases cause the tendency to be underestimated. In particular, the freshwater flux is overestimated while the ocean surface zonal current and vertical velocity at the base of the mixed layer are underestimated. Due to model biases in representing the related physics, the effects of surface forcing on the simulated MLS budget are overestimated and those of subsurface and surface advection are relatively weak. Due to weaker surface advection and subsurface forcing than observed, the simulated compensations for surface forcing are suppressed, and the simulated MLS tendency that leads Nin?o3.4 by 8–10 months, which is shorter than the observed lead time. These results are useful for the interpretation of observational analyses and other model simulations in the tropical Pacific.  相似文献   

Spatial patterns of groundwater‐lake exchange – implications for acid neutralization processes in an acid mine lake     

Christiane Neumann  Julia Beer  Christian Blodau  Stefan Peiffer  Jan H. Fleckenstein 《水文研究》2013,27(22):3240-3253

Exchange of groundwater and lake water with typically quite different chemical composition is an important driver for biogeochemical processes at the groundwater‐lake interface, which can affect the water quality of lakes. This is of particular relevance in mine lakes where anoxic and slightly acidic groundwater mixes with oxic and acidic lake water (pH < 3). To identify links between groundwater‐lake exchange rates and acid neutralization processes in the sediments, exchange rates were quantified and related to pore‐water pH, sulfate and iron concentrations as well as sulfate reduction rates within the sediment. Seepage rates measured with seepage meters (?2.5 to 5.8 L m^‐2 d^‐1) were in reasonable agreement with rates inverted from modeled chloride profiles (?1.8 to 8.1 L m^‐2 d^‐1). Large‐scale exchange patterns were defined by the (hydro)geologic setting but superimposed by smaller scale variations caused by variability in sediment texture. Sites characterized by groundwater upwelling (flow into the lake) and sites where flow alternated between upwelling and downwelling were identified. Observed chloride profiles at the alternating sites reflected the transient flow regime. Seepage direction, as well as seepage rate, were found to influence pH, sulfate and iron profiles and the associated sulfate reduction rates. Under alternating conditions proton‐consuming processes, for example, sulfate reduction, were slowed. In the uppermost layer of the sediment (max. 5 cm), sulfate reduction rates were significantly higher at upwelling (>330 nmol g^‐1 d^‐1) compared to alternating sites (<220 nmol g^‐1 d^‐1). Although differences in sulfate reduction rates could not be explained solely by different flux rates, they were clearly related to the prevailing groundwater‐lake exchange patterns and the associated pH conditions. Our findings strongly suggest that groundwater‐lake exchange has significant effects on the biogeochemical processes that are coupled to sulfate reduction such as acidity retention and precipitation of iron sulfides. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Non-aromatic biomarkers associated with a Palaeogene salt formation (Bresse, France)     

P. Baranger  J.R. Disnar   《Organic Geochemistry》1988,13(4-6)

This study provides information on non-aromatic hydrocarbons contained in thick Palaeogene halite sequences in the Bresse region (France). The presence of almost uniquely biological markers and the absence of thermogenic compounds denote the low maturity of the corresponding samples consistent with Rock-Eval pyrolysis data. The distribution of n-alkanes enables the distinction of three main biological signatures: algal (mode in nC17–nC18); terrestrial (mode in nC29–nC31) and bacterial (mode in nC25–nC26 with no odd-even carbon number predominance). As to the cyclic biomarkers, hopanes and hopenes are largely predominant over steranes and diasterenes in samples having received appreciable amounts of terrestrial inputs (Type B) and conversely for the samples containing high proportions of algal debris (Type A, Type C).  相似文献   

On the transfer of stratospheric ozone into the troposphere near the north pole     

Samuel J. Oltmans  Wolfgang E. Raatz  Walter D. Komhyr 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):245-253

A series of nearly daily ozone vertical profiles obtained at station T-3 on Fletcher's Ice Island (85°N, 90°W) during the period January-March 1971 shows several significant ozone intrusions into the troposphere. These intrusions are not only associated with enhanced ozone amounts in the stratosphere but also require tropopause folding events to transport ozone into the troposphere. These folds in the Arctic tropopause appear to be capable of contributing significantly to the ozone budget of the Arctic troposphere during the late winter and spring seasons. The importance of tropopause folding for bringing ozone into the troposphere seen in the daily ozone profiles confirms the results found in the Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program aircraft flights.  相似文献   

Annual heat balance and equilibrium temperature of Lake Aegeri,Switzerland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

David M. Livingstone  Dieter M. Imboden 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1989,51(4):351-369

The mean heat budget of Lake Aegeri, Switzerland, is 950 MJ·m^–2, comparable to that of neighbouring lakes. The annual variation in the net heat flux can be adequately described using a six-term heat balance equation based on 12 years of monthly mean meteorological and surface temperature data. Although the magnitude of the net heat flux is dominated by the radiative terms of the equation, the one-month backward shift of the net flux and total heat content extrema from the solstices and equinoxes respectively is due to the phase shift of the non-radiative with respect to the radiative terms. A linear approximation was used to express the net heat flux in terms of a heat exchange coefficient and an equilibrium temperature. The former varies from 17 to 28 W·m^–2·K^–1 in the course of a year; fluctuations in the latter are found to depend mainly on fluctuations in cloud cover and relative humidity, whilst the effect of fluctuations in air temperature and wind speed is slight.  相似文献   

宝顶石刻区污染地下水对造像岩体的破坏作用     

张赞勋  汪东云  付林森  姚金石  谢本立 《山地学报》1994,(3)

污染地下水渗入大佛湾摩岩造像群，在石刻表面积聚可溶盐，加剧了石刻的侵蚀破坏，其中尤以泥质细粒长石砂岩风化剥落最为严重。研究渗水病害对石刻保护有重要意义。  相似文献