南大西洋被动陆缘盆地盐构造形成的控制因素     

王殿举  李江海  程鹏  李一赫  刘志强  王越 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(5):924-933

南大西洋两岸被动陆缘含盐盆地油气分布与盐构造的构造样式及分布有直接联系。基于地震资料的构造解译和物理/数值模拟实验,前人对被动陆缘盆地盐构造的形成演化进行了大量研究,然而尚缺乏对盐构造形成演化主控因素的系统论证。本文基于地震资料的构造解释,采用离散元数值模拟手段,通过2组共8个模型的对比实验,探讨了被动陆缘盆地底板倾斜角度和盐岩上覆地层厚度对盐构造形成的控制作用。数值模拟的结果表明:①随着底板倾斜角度的增加,盐岩及其上覆沉积流动速度逐渐增大。其中,从无倾角到2.5°倾角,盐岩流速增加最大,后续陆源沉积搬运距离增加了约1.5倍,远高于其他角度模型间的距离增量;②盐层的上覆地层厚度越大,后续沉积搬运能力越差,盐构造及其相关构造越难形成。上覆地层的厚度直接影响了盐岩的流动速度,上覆地层厚度每增加1m,沉积物的搬运距离减小约5%~10%。最后,基于上述模拟结果定量分析,探讨了两种因素对盐构造形成的影响机制。  相似文献   

振荡交换-抽滤淋洗结合凯氏定氮法快速测定土壤中的阳离子交换量   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

马怡飞  张尼  魏增  高文旭  王奎 《岩矿测试》2019,38(1):129-135

测定土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)的行业标准方法(LY/T1243—1999)是采取离心分离结合手工蒸馏进行滴定,耗时长、操作繁琐。为了缩短反应时间,提高检测效率,本文利用乙酸铵对酸性和中性土壤进行处理,用氯化铵-乙酸铵对石灰性土壤进行处理,应用振荡和抽滤装置快速交换和清洗阳离子,通过全自动凯氏定氮仪对吸附的铵根离子进行测定,由此计算CEC值。结果表明:在最佳的振荡和蒸馏时间、滴定酸浓度、指示剂配比等实验条件下,一个批次样品(100件)的分析流程仅需要12h,比传统方法检测时间缩短近80%。经国家标准物质验证,测定结果与推荐值相符,5次测定的相对标准偏差均小于1. 5%。本方法免去了多次离心分离操作,解决了待测成分损失、CEC测定值偏低的问题,提高了检测效率和准确度,较林业标准方法的成本低,可操作性强,适用于土壤环境质量评价、地区土壤抽样调查等大批量土壤样品分析。  相似文献   

“双孔方案”在沧州盐矿深部取心钻探的应用          下载免费PDF全文

景龙  李伟  崔国树 《探矿工程》2017,44(11):16-20

在沧州深部盐矿普查项目中,施工完成的ZK002孔,500～3290 m孔段进行取心工作。钻探过程中,设计了深、浅“双孔方案”,分别采用地质和石油钻探设备,将常规岩心钻探技术与钻井取心技术组合,实现了两类设备、不同取心工艺之间的优势互补,最终降低了施工风险、确保了钻孔质量、节约了施工成本、缩短了工期。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地英西地区E32盐类矿物成因及油气地质意义     

黄成刚  李智勇  倪祥龙  马新民  张世铭 《现代地质》2017,31(4):779

近年来,柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统E32获得了持续的重大勘探发现。基于岩心观察、系统的微观岩石学、矿物学以及地球化学分析,系统总结了柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统咸化湖盆中盐类矿物特征、成因及成藏作用：(1)英西地区渐新统E32 4种重要的盐类矿物包括石盐、硬石膏、钙芒硝以及天青石等,或聚集成为具有一定厚度的盐层,或以矿物颗粒形式赋存于基质碳酸盐岩中。上部的盐间油层组的盐层较厚,以石盐为主,下部的盐下油层组的盐层较薄,以石膏为主;(2)盐类矿物“低锰”的元素地球化学特征、与盐类矿物伴生的基质碳酸盐岩具有的“低温成因”的碳氧同位素地球化学特征、未见热液矿物发育的岩石学特征以及分布面积极广的平面展布特征均显示了盐类矿物为典型的咸化湖盆沉积型,而非热液卤水析出型;(3)“盐”在油气成藏过程中发挥着重要作用,包括盐类矿物对裂缝的充填和防止油气逸散的封堵作用、盐层因具有很高的毛管突破压力和塑性特征而具有良好的封盖作用、地层条件下促进白云岩次生孔隙发育的作用以及占据一定的储集空间的消极作用等。这一研究成果可为盐下湖相碳酸盐岩的油气勘探提供重要的指导作用。  相似文献   

Population ecology of the snail Melampus bidentatus in changing salt marsh landscapes          下载免费PDF全文

Roman Zajac  Erin Kelly  Danielle Perry  Ivana Espinosa 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(2)

We studied the population ecology of the snail Melampus bidentatus in relation to patch composition and landscape structure across several salt marsh systems in Connecticut, USA. These marshes have changed significantly over the past 40–50 years including loss of total area, increased areas of short Spartina alterniflora, and decreased areas and fragmentation of Spartina patens. These changes are consistent with tidal inundation patterns that indicate frequent flooding of high marsh areas. Melampus bidentatus densities were highly variable, both among different salt marsh systems and locations within specific marshes, but were generally similar among short Sp. alterniflora and Sp. patens patches within locations. Densities were lowest where the marsh was regularly inundated at high tide and only remnant Sp. patens patches remained. Almost no snails were found in bare patches. Areas that had large Sp. patens patches adjacent to short Sp. alterniflora supported the highest M. bidentatus densities. Population size‐structure varied significantly among patch types, with higher proportions of large individuals in short Sp. alterniflora and hummocked Sp. patens patches than in large and remnant Sp. patens patches. This was likely due to size‐selective predation and/or higher snail growth rates due to better food resource conditions in short Sp. alterniflora patches. Egg mass densities and the number of eggs per egg mass were highest in short Sp. alterniflora. Our results indicate that M. bidentatus is resilient to the level and patterns of salt marsh change evident at our study sites. Indeed, snail densities were significantly higher than reported in other field studies, suggesting that increased patch areas of short Sp. alterniflora and associated environmental conditions at our study sites may provide more favorable habitats than previously when marshes were dominated by extensive Sp. patens meadows. However, there may be threshold conditions that could overwhelm the ability of M. bidentatus to maintain itself within salt marsh systems where changes in hydrology, sedimentation and other factors lead to increased numbers of bare patches and ponds and loss of short Sp. alterniflora and Sp. patens. Studies of the responses of resident and transient fauna to salt marsh change are critically needed in order to better understand the implications for salt marsh ecosystem dynamics and services.  相似文献   

胶州湾沉积物-海水界面溶解无机氮的迁移特征及其影响因素解析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪雅露  袁华茂  宋金明  李学刚  李宁  曲宝晓  康绪明  王启栋  邢建伟  梁宪萌 《海洋科学》2017,41(3):102-112

采用实验室培养法,在原位温度和溶氧条件下,研究了夏、冬季胶州湾沉积物-海水界面溶解无机氮(DIN)的迁移特征。结果表明,夏、冬季胶州湾沉积物-海水界面DIN主要以NO_3-N和NH_4-N的形态进行交换,夏季胶州湾沉积物表现为水体DIN的源,其交换通量为1.64×10~9 mmol/d,可以提供维持初级生产力所需氮的39.3%;而冬季沉积物表现为DIN的汇,其交换通量为–2.12×10~8 mmol/d。利用相关分析和主成分回归分析,研究界面不同形态DIN交换速率和底层环境因子的关系,结果表明,夏季胶州湾沉积物-海水界面DIN的交换主要受沉积物中有机质的矿化、底栖藻类的同化作用和扩散过程共同调控,而冬季则主要受内源有机质的矿化、底栖藻类的同化作用、吸附-解吸和扩散过程共同调控。  相似文献   

Influence of Spur Dike on Hydrodynamic Exchange Between Channel and Shoal of Generalization Estuary in Physical Model Test     

JIAO Zeng-xiang  Dou Xi-ping  ZHENG Jin-hai  ZHANG Xin-zhou  GAO Xiang-yu 《海洋工程》2017,31(5):624-630

Widely applied in maintaining estuarial waterway depth, the spur dike has played an important role in currents and sediment exchange between channel and shoal and sediment back-silting in the channel. Through establishing a generalized physical model at a bifurcated estuary and conducting current tests under the joint action of runoff and tide, the influence of the spur dike length on current exchange between channel and shoal is analyzed. Results show that when the spur dike length reaches a certain value, the direction of the flow velocity shear front between the channel and shoal will change. The longer the spur dike, the larger the transverse fluctuating velocity at the peak of flood in the channel shoal exchange area, while the transport of the transverse hydrodynamics is obvious in the process of flood. There is an optimum length of spur dike when the shear stress in the channel and the longitudinal velocity in flood and ebb reach the maximum, and the flow velocity will decrease when the spur dike length is smaller or larger than the optimum. For a certain length of spur dike, the larger the channel shoal elevation difference, the larger the peak longitudinal flow velocity in the middle of the navigation channel in flood and ebb. However, the transverse flow velocity will first decrease and then increase. The transverse transportation is obvious when the channel shoal elevation difference increases.  相似文献   

巯基棉分离富集ICP-OES测定岩盐矿中的水溶性铜铅锌镉     

刘芳  黄瑞成  戴伟峰  魏灵巧  罗磊  李灵凤 《岩矿测试》2017,36(3):252-257

盐岩矿的水溶法开采是获得人类生活必需品和重要工业原料——盐的重要途径之一。在水溶法开采中,岩盐矿中的水溶性重金属会随着母液到达地表环境和后续的岩盐产品中,可能对地表环境造成污染和危害人体健康,故对岩盐矿中水溶性重金属的检测非常重要。岩盐矿中的水溶性铜铅锌镉含量较低,而盐分含量过高,过高的盐分含量会影响ICP-OES的雾化效率,故很难用ICP-OES直接测量重金属含量。本文以巯基棉为吸附材料,从溶液pH、洗脱液浓度、洗脱液体积等方面研究了分离富集岩盐矿中水溶性铜铅锌镉的实验条件。结果表明,在pH=7的介质中,巯基棉对铜铅锌镉有良好的吸附性能,被吸附的铜铅锌镉可用7 m L盐酸(15%)定量洗脱,溶液中的钠对吸附无明显影响。对解吸后的溶液,铜铅锌镉的回收率均≥92.2%,钠回收率仅0.04%,基本实现了铜铅锌镉与钠的分离,达到了ICP-OES检测要求。  相似文献   

Geomorphic controls on deposition of salt in the Greater Tamar Catchment,northeast Tasmania     

M. E. Sweeney  C. L. Moore  K. G. McQueen  T. Spandler 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(8):1085-1096

In Tasmania, most salts in the landscape originate from rainfall and accumulate in landscapes after evaporation occurs. The distribution and quantity of salt in rainfall from an array of bulk deposition collectors in the Greater Tamar Catchment were assessed for the period September 2013 to August 2014. The bulk deposition samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, major ions (Ca, Mg, Na, SO₄ and Cl) and a selection of trace ions. The average salt flux across the study area was 79 ± 10 kg/ha/yr region, ranging from 170 ± 12 kg/ha/yr near the coast in the north to 42 ± 6 kg/ha/yr inland. Deposition of most ions decreased from the northwest to the south and east, and peaked in winter and spring. Geomorphic factors such as elevation and topography have an important effect on the volume of rainfall and flux of salt from windblown dust and oceanic aerosols. A comparison of measured chloride and salt deposition in Tasmania with other Australian atmospheric studies indicates that continental-scale models of salt flux are not appropriate for Tasmania. New models are proposed that take into account the influence of the Southern Ocean, Tasman Sea and topographic variation in the study area. The results provide improved estimates of rainfall-derived salt inputs to catchments in northeast Tasmania and enable more accurate salt budget modelling. Improved understanding of volumes and distribution of salts has implications for the management of soils and infrastructure that degrade as a result of dryland salinity in Tasmania.  相似文献   

焉耆县滴灌条件下土壤水热盐的动态变化特征     

李海霞  杨井  陈亚宁  郝兴明 《干旱区地理》2017,40(6):1218-1226

为了揭示焉耆县良种场的土壤水热盐动态变化,对有膜覆盖和无膜覆盖条件下各土壤层进行水热盐的系统观测和单因素方差分析及相关性分析。结果表明：（1）土壤温度的日变化呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,有膜各层土壤温度高于相对应的无膜各层土壤温度,各层土壤温度和大气温度变化趋势一致。（2）有膜各层土壤盐分要高于相对应的无膜各层土壤盐分,表层土壤水分小于底层,有膜10～20 cm土壤水分含量比较低,无膜10～50 cm土壤水含量比较接近;滴灌后,土壤水分和盐分经历快速下降和缓慢下降两个过程。由于文献对于有膜覆盖与无膜覆盖条件下土壤水热盐变化的研究相对较少,文章通过研究焉耆县农田生育期有膜和无膜条件下土壤水热盐的变化特征,为研究区土壤盐渍化的防治提供科学依据。  相似文献