Ground penetrating radar for facies architecture and high-resolution stratigraphy: Examples from the Mesoproterozoic in the Chapada Diamantina Basin,Brazil     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys were conducted on Mesoproterozoic eolian, fluvial, deltaic, estuarine, and shallow marine successions in the Chapada Diamantina Basin. The subsurface continuation of facies and facies architecture exposed on road cuts was imaged using the GPR signal of a 400-MHz antenna penetrating 8 m in depth, even with mudstone intervals. Reflection patterns in the GPR profiles that were compared with photo mosaics of outcrops and supporting data from vertical sections and gamma ray logs, reveal sedimentary, stratigraphic, and structural features, such as sedimentary structures, the external geometry of architectural elements, stratigraphic surfaces, folds and tension gashes. The patterns most likely reflect the response from low-weathered, non-porous muscovite-illite-rich mudstone and quartzarenite sandstone in which authigenic and detrital illite and sericite are prevalent clay minerals.Measured vertical sections and radar stratigraphy indicate high-frequency cyclic successions of estuarine and shoreface intervals are present at the base of the Tombador Formation. The shoreface intervals are composed of heterolithic strata and offshore tidal bars deposits. The heterolithic shoreface strata exhibit tabular geometry that can be easily identified throughout the outcrop and in the subsurface. Such intervals represent the end of high-frequency transgressive cycles, and hence they are potential candidates for including the maximum flooding surfaces and for defining genetic sequences. Therefore, GPR proved to be an independent method for studying facies architecture and the establishment of a high-resolution stratigraphic framework even in the Precambrian.  相似文献   

The study of deep water submarine reservoir in Bangle Bay Basin     

Wei Xiao  Liping Liu  Xuewei Liu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(8):1086-1098

Although the huge potential of the Bangle Bay Basin has been proven by a series of discoveries, recent drilling and other studies still have not demonstrated the mechanism of hydrocarbon accumulations in Bangle Bay Basin because of the low exploration degree and less geological data available. So, it is difficult to identify and predict the distribution patterns of the main gas reservoir by now. Based on a review of previous work and the latest exploration activities in the study area, the depositional environment and reservoir distribution had been discussed, and thereby assess the location of reservoir–seal couplets for the purposes of stratigraphic traps identification and prospect evaluation within the study area. This paper has also discussed the sequence stratigraphic framework, depositional environment, and facies features by using the biostratigraphic, geochemical analyses and wireline, image logs data. Various broad depositional environments and depositional subsettings have been identified or updated, meanwhile some new environment modeling had been proposed. In this article, reservoir geology study had been conducted after regional depositional feature analysis. Reservoir architecture had been summarized as mouthbars, submarine canyon fill, submarine channels, and levees. Most prospective reservoir intervals identified within the study area are in the Lower Pliocene, Upper Pliocene, and Lower Pleistocene formations.  相似文献   

南大西洋两岸被动陆缘盆地结构差异与大油气田分布     

温志新  吴亚东  边海光  王兆明  贺正军  宋成鹏 《地学前缘》2018,25(4):132-141

以板块构造演化为基础,利用地震、地质等资料,再现南大西洋两岸共轭型被动陆缘盆地原型盆地形成演化过程。首次依据盆地结构差异及沉积充填特征,将研究区被动陆缘盆地进一步划分为“三段”“四类”;结合对已发现大油气田的解剖,搞清了每类盆地大油气田成藏规律,并分别建立了其大油气田成藏模式。认为两岸“三段”“四类”盆地都经过了早期陆内裂谷、过渡期陆间裂谷及漂移期被动陆缘三个原型阶段。南段为下伏裂谷层系比较发育的“断陷型”盆地,上覆坳陷沉积厚度较薄,仅作为区域盖层,形成“裂谷层系构造地层型”大油气田。中段为裂谷、坳陷层系都比较发育且过渡阶段有盐的“含盐断坳型”盆地,以过渡期陆间裂谷盐岩充填为特征,其上、下的漂移期海相及裂谷期湖相页岩均可形成有效烃源岩,海相页岩及盐岩分别作为优质盖层,形成了“盐下碳酸盐岩盐上重力流扇体型”大油气田。北段为裂谷层系分布范围小、坳陷沉积范围广且厚度大的“坳陷型”盆地,受 “窄”陆棚、“陡”陆坡控制,坳陷层系重力流扇体自始至终比较发育,源于坳陷层系下部海相页岩中的油气直接充注于本身内部裙边状分布的重力流复合扇体之中,形成“漂移期重力流扇体群型”大油气田。另外,研究区还发育尼日尔、福斯杜亚马逊、佩罗塔斯三个具有独特构造沉积特征的 “三角洲型”被动陆缘盆地,其特殊性体现在三角洲层系由于沉积速率极高,从陆向海形成生长断裂带-泥岩底辟带-逆冲断裂褶皱带-平缓斜坡带四大环状构造带。除了前三角洲层系可以作为有效烃源岩之外,本身也可以形成自生自储自盖型组合,形成独特的“四大环状构造带型”大油气田,即在由陆向海生长断裂带-泥岩底辟带-逆冲断裂褶皱带-平缓斜坡带四大环状构造带上都可以形成大油气田。  相似文献   

Evolution of an ancient coastal plain: palaeosols, interfluves and alluvial architecture in a sequence stratigraphic framework, Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paul J. McCarthy  Ubiratan F. Faccini  & A. Guy Plint 《Sedimentology》1999,46(5):861-891

To date, discussion of changes in alluvial style and in the character of palaeosols in relation to changes in accommodation and sediment supply on floodplains has primarily been from a conceptual standpoint: few case studies are available against which to test ideas. One hundred and thirty metres of non-marine strata of the Dunvegan Formation were examined in 14 closely spaced sections in the canyon of the Kiskatinaw River, NE British Columbia, Canada. This site was located about 120 km inland from the transgressive limit of the contemporary marine shoreline and represents almost exclusively freshwater environments. Fluvial channels in the Kiskatinaw River section are of two types. Small, single-storey, very fine- to fine-grained sandstone ribbons with W/T ratios <30, encased in fine-grained floodplain sediments are interpreted as anastomosed channels. Fine- to medium-grained, laterally accreted point-bar deposits forming multistorey sand bodies with individual W/T ratios >30 are interpreted as the deposits of meandering rivers filling incised valleys. Interchannel facies include the deposits of crevasse channels and splays, lakes, floodplains and palaeosols. Floodplain palaeosols consist of laterally heterogeneous, simple palaeosol profiles and pedocomplexes similar to modern Entisols, Inceptisols and hydromorphic soils. Interfluve, sequence-bounding palaeosols adjacent to incised valleys are laterally continuous, up to 3 m thick and can be reliably identified using a combination of (1) stratigraphic position; (2) field observations, such as thickness, structure, colour, degree of rooting; and (3) micromorphological features, such as evidence of bioturbation, clay coatings, ferruginous features and sphaerosiderite. Interfluve palaeosols are similar to modern Alfisols and Ultisols. Correlation of the local stratigraphic succession with the regional sequence stratigraphic framework, based on 2340 well logs and 60 outcrop sections, shows that the vertical changes in coastal plain character (more coals and lakes vs. more pedogenesis) can be related to relatively high-frequency base level cycles (eustatic?) that are expressed as transgressive–regressive marine cycles in downdip areas. Regional isopach maps show that these cycles were progressively overprinted and modified by an increasing rate of tectonic subsidence in the north and west. The character of palaeosols developed on aggrading floodplains primarily reflects local sediment supply and drainage. In contrast, well-developed interfluve palaeosols record pedogenesis during periods of reduced or negative accommodation (base level fall). Vertical changes in floodplain palaeoenvironments and palaeosol types reflect changes in accommodation rate. The detailed micromorphological analysis of interfluve palaeosols represents a powerful application of an under-used technique for the recognition of key surfaces in the geological record. This has broad implications for non-marine sequence stratigraphy.  相似文献   

南海莺歌海盆地黄流组海底扇储层构型特征^*     

李亚茹  李华  杨朝强  周伟  王玉  刘圣乾  何幼斌 《古地理学报》1999,24(3):556-567

南海莺歌海盆地东方X气田中新统黄流组一段发育浅海海底扇沉积,沉积类型特殊,砂体连通性复杂,对储层构型的研究较为薄弱,影响了该地区的油气勘探和开发。以层序地层学、沉积学、测井地质学、地震沉积学等理论为指导,结合岩心、钻井、测井、三维地震和地震波阻抗反演成果等资料,对东方X气田中新统黄流组一段Ⅱ_b气组海底扇构型单元及砂体分布规律进行研究。结果表明: 研究区海底扇主要发育中扇亚相的水道沉积、堤岸沉积、席状砂和扇缘砂; Ⅱ_b气组以水道沉积及席状砂为主,2期水道沉积以充填沉积作用为主,整体呈NW-SE向展布;储集层内部砂体有层状充填、垂向切叠及侧向切叠3种叠置样式; 储层构型主控因素包括物源供给、地形坡度及重力流能量。  相似文献   

湖泊碎屑岩沙坝成因机制及构型表征研究进展^*          下载免费PDF全文

邱隆伟  李欣  杨勇强  董道涛  伏健  文旭  Danish Khan 《古地理学报》1999,24(2):191-209

湖泊碎屑岩沙坝因波浪和沿岸流的反复冲刷,成熟度较高,显示出巨大的油气勘探潜力,已成为隐蔽油气藏勘探的重点。作者在大量文献调研的基础上,总结了近年来前人在滩坝定义、沉积特征、主控因素、成因机制及内部构型研究中的重要进展,在此基础上提出了沙坝演化阶段及沉积构型的新认识。结果表明,沙坝完整的演化历程主要包括4个阶段,分别是弱波浪作用阶段、动荡水流—冲洗回流阶段、风成阶段及沼泽化阶段。影响沙坝发育的控制因素多样,其中物源和风场是沙坝发育的根本因素,两者分别影响了沙坝发育的物质来源和能量供给;而风场所决定的水动力是影响沙坝储集体发育的最直接因素;构造运动和层序演化则控制沙坝的分布位置及保存程度;各因素综合作用决定了坝的形态、发育规模及保存状况。依据前人构型理论,将沙坝构型按照正序方案依次划分为6级,对构型表征方法和沙坝3~5级构型定量表征进行了初步探索,以期为滩坝砂体勘探开发提供理论和实践支持。  相似文献   

Architectural Model of a Dryland Gravel Braided River, based on 3D UAV Oblique Photogrammetric Data: A Case Study of West Dalongkou River in Eastern Xinjiang, China     

YIN Senlin  ZHU Baiyu  GUO Haiping  XU Zhenhu  LI Xiaoshan  WU Xiaojun  CHEN Yukun  JIANG Zhibin 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(1):269-285

Three-dimensional unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) oblique photogrammetric data were used to infer mountainous gravel braided river lithofacies, lithofacies associations and architectural elements. Hierarchical architecture and lithofacies associations with detailed lithofacies characterizations were comprehensively described to document the architectural model, architectural element scale and gravel particle scale.(1) Nine lithofacies(i.e., Gmm, Gcm, Gcc, Gci, Gcl, Ss, Sm, Fsm and Fl) were identifi...  相似文献   

歧口凹陷层序构成样式的时空差异性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

吴永平  周立宏  王华  廖远涛  王家豪  任培罡  滑双君 《大地构造与成矿学》2010,34(4)

歧口凹陷为中国东部渤海湾盆地内重要的内陆断陷含油气凹陷,具有多幕构造演化、多类构造样式、多个物源体系、沉积体系演化时空变化剧烈等特点,导致层序构成样式在时空上具有显著的差异性。结合歧口凹陷构造古地貌背景和物源供给体系时空演化差异性的研究,在研究区古近系总结出四种典型的层序构成样式:断控陡坡带型层序样式、多级断阶带型层序样式、轴向断坡带型层序样式、挠曲坡折带型层序样式。层序构成样式的时空差异主要受控于宏观构造的幕式演化和局部同沉积断裂不同组合样式所形成的特定的古地貌差异,而物源供给体系的强弱程度以及供给方向变化也是控制层序构成样式的重要因素。不同类型的层序构成样式控制了沉积体系、砂分散体系的时空分布特征,进而影响了砂体的分散和堆积样式。因此,层序构成样式的时空差异性分析对于研究区有利隐蔽圈闭的预测具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

Architecture of HLA based distributed virtual geographic environment     

XU Bingli LIN Hui GONG Jianhua 《地球空间信息科学学报》2006,9(2):127-134

IntroductionDVGE was first proposed by Lin Hui and GongJianhua in 1999. DVGE“is not only an advanceddevelopment of geographic information science, butalso a distributed three dimensions virtual environ-ment. It is based on avatar and has many charac-ters…  相似文献   

地震行业骨干网“一网双平面”架构     

蒋晓山  程紫燕  陈存田 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(4):242-245

通过对地震行业现有骨干网络架构的优缺点进行分析,阐述"一网双平面"骨干网架构在地震行业骨干网的通信质量、可靠性、资源有效利用等优势,从建设成本、组网策略、业务分流、网络与信息安全等方面提供建议,为地震行业骨干网进一步优化、实现承载业务系统的安全高效运行提供参考。  相似文献