鄂尔多斯盆地北部砂岩型铀矿铀矿物地质地球化学特征及其成因意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴柏林  张婉莹  宋子升  寸小妮  孙莉  罗晶晶  李艳青  程相虎  孙斌 《地质学报》2016,90(12):3393-3407

鄂尔多斯盆地北部已发现系列砂岩型铀矿,由东往西依次有东胜铀矿、杭锦旗(纳岭沟)铀矿、大营铀矿等大型、特大型矿床,成为我国目前砂岩型铀矿发现规模最大、最具远景的地区。研究表明,它们具有相似的矿床地质特征和形成环境。在矿床成矿作用研究中,铀的存在形式及铀矿物特征对砂岩铀矿来说是一项重要的内容,其认识对铀的地浸开采可提供重要依据,也是了解砂岩型铀矿形成机制或矿床形成环境及成因的重要信息。本文主要从三个方面对鄂尔多斯盆地北部大营铀矿、纳岭沟铀矿等主要砂岩型铀矿中铀矿物地质地球化学特征和成因进行了研究和探讨。通过电子探针测试,高分辨率扫描电镜观察等手段,认为盆地北部铀矿的铀矿物类型主要为铀石,含少量的沥青铀矿、钛铀矿、水硅铀石、钍铀石等;铀矿物常与黄铁矿、有机质(煤屑)及方解石相伴生。采用逐级化学提取等方法定量地分析了铀矿物占矿石中铀配分的比例关系,认为其中铀矿物和吸附态约各占铀存在形式的50%。首次对砂岩型铀矿的铀矿物进行微区原位LA-ICP-MS稀土元素分析,认为ΣREE在铀矿物铀石中高度富集,是矿石中稀土元素的主要载体;稀土元素是铀矿石中可综合利用的有益组份,其标准化曲线表现为明显的右倾型,轻稀土富集,轻重稀土分馏强烈,δEu和δCe具较弱的负异常,说明总体上铀矿化形成于外生后成环境。从上述铀矿物特征,初步探讨了铀矿化形成的环境与成因,认为铀矿化形成经历了至少为低温流体作用的环境;铀矿化形成于浅部地壳即外生后成环境而与深源作用无关。  相似文献   

我国砂岩型铀矿分带特征研究现状及存在问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

付勇  魏帅超  金若时  李建国  奥琮 《地质学报》2016,90(12):3519-3544

作为一种重要的国家战略资源,砂岩型铀矿床是当今世界上最重要的铀矿床类型之一。本文详细地介绍了砂岩型铀矿在国内外的分布特征及占比情况,并对外生地质作用矿床类型中表生流体作用形成的层间渗透砂岩型和潜水渗透砂岩型铀矿床进行了讨论,发现层间渗透砂岩型铀矿床在外表颜色、矿物组合以及地球化学等方面均具有明显的氧化-还原分带现象,此外,矿床内部还具有细菌分带现象。颜色分带在氧化带、氧化-还原过渡带以及还原带之间具有明显不同的特征;矿物组合在不同分带之间各不相同;地球化学分带表现为U、TOC含量以及Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)、Th/U比值在各分带之间差异较大。此外,硫酸盐还原菌、硫杆菌、铁细菌及硝化菌等细菌在不同分带之间的数量相差悬殊,而且硫酸盐还原菌数量与TOC呈明显正相关性。通过矿化带内的碳、硫同位素分析,发现硫酸盐还原菌参与了成矿过程,推测其可能是导致碳、硫同位素分馏的主要因素。总体来看,颜色分带、矿物分带、地球化学分带以及细菌分带均与氧化-还原分带呈耦合关系。本文通过总结层间渗透砂岩型和潜水渗透砂岩型铀矿床的成矿模式和当前分带研究中存在的问题,提出了由细菌、地球化学反应参与的砂岩型铀矿床成矿机理,以及未来亟需解决的若干关键科学问题。典型砂岩型铀矿床的分带现象在物、化、探、遥等领域的异常响应对寻找砂岩型铀矿床具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

豫西Au- Mo- W- Pb- Zn- Ag- Fe- 铝土矿-石墨成矿带主要地质成矿特征及潜力分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李俊建  何玉良  付超  张彦启  彭翼  崔来运  赵泽霖  党智财  曾宪友  王纪中  李中明  陈安蜀  杨俊泉  李磊 《地质学报》2016,90(7):1504-1524

随着地质大调查的开展,豫西地区新的找矿进展和预测成果不断涌现,使之成为我国重点找矿地区之一,需要对其开展系统的成矿区划和部署研究工作。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,通过综合分析,在该地区划分新的重要成矿部署区带,厘定边界并将其命名为"豫西Au-Mo-W-Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe-铝土矿-石墨成矿带"。结合区域成矿地质背景的综合研究,在区内划分了10个成矿亚带,初步建立了Au-Mo-W-Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe-铝土矿-石墨成矿带成矿谱系,其成矿作用具有多期次发育和多系统控制的特点,在时间演化上表现为多旋回性、继承性、新生性和叠加性特点,主要成矿期有前寒武纪、寒武纪-早石炭世、晚石炭世-中三叠世和晚三叠世-早白垩世,其中晚侏罗世-早白垩世是内生金属矿床成矿大爆发期。研究区主要成矿类型为岩浆热液型金银铅锌矿、斑岩型-矽卡岩型钼钨矿、层控热液型和海相火山岩型铅锌矿、古风化壳残积型铝土矿、沉积-变质型铁铜石墨矿和伟晶岩型稀有金属矿等。结合区域找矿进展和潜力评价最新成果,认为本区金、钼钨、铅锌银、铝土矿、铁、石墨、煤矿潜力巨大,为下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种,同时在本区划分了25个远景区,其中14个为重点远景区,11个为一般远景区,对研究区下一步矿产勘查部署工作有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

Classification of forest land attributes using multi-source remotely sensed data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

The aim of the study was to (1) examine the classification of forest land using airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, satellite images and sample plots of the Finnish National Forest Inventory (NFI) as training data and to (2) identify best performing metrics for classifying forest land attributes. Six different schemes of forest land classification were studied: land use/land cover (LU/LC) classification using both national classes and FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) classes, main type, site type, peat land type and drainage status. Special interest was to test different ALS-based surface metrics in classification of forest land attributes. Field data consisted of 828 NFI plots collected in 2008–2012 in southern Finland and remotely sensed data was from summer 2010. Multinomial logistic regression was used as the classification method. Classification of LU/LC classes were highly accurate (kappa-values 0.90 and 0.91) but also the classification of site type, peat land type and drainage status succeeded moderately well (kappa-values 0.51, 0.69 and 0.52). ALS-based surface metrics were found to be the most important predictor variables in classification of LU/LC class, main type and drainage status. In best classification models of forest site types both spectral metrics from satellite data and point cloud metrics from ALS were used. In turn, in the classification of peat land types ALS point cloud metrics played the most important role. Results indicated that the prediction of site type and forest land category could be incorporated into stand level forest management inventory system in Finland.  相似文献   

我国高校遥感科学与技术专业现状分析     

曾永年  谭柳霞  王慧敏 《测绘科学》2016,41(5):168-172

为了进一步研究新型交叉性学科——遥感科学与技术专业的建设与发展问题,该文对我国高校遥感科学与技术专业的现状进行了剖析。为适应遥感科学与技术专业人才的需求,我国已有28所高校开设了遥感科学与技术专业。此专业主要设置在理工类普通高等院校,并以测绘科学背景院校为主。不同的学科背景,专业培养目标各具特色,课程体系与结构设置差异较大。为深化遥感科学与技术专业的教学改革,科学合理地设置专业、建设课程体系,在专业的地区分布、设置院校、专业培养目标、课程体系与结构等方面尚需进一步优化。  相似文献   

成岩作用与油气侵位对砂岩铀成矿的约束--以准南硫磺沟地区头屯河组砂岩铀成矿为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄少华  秦明宽  刘章月  许强  郭强 《沉积学报》2016,34(2):250-259

为了解准噶尔盆地南缘硫磺沟地区中侏罗统头屯河组砂岩成岩-流体演化与铀成矿响应,进而客观评价其成矿潜力。通过光薄片鉴定、X衍射、扫描电镜分析得出:目的层主要为岩屑细砂岩,依次经历了浅埋藏、深埋藏和表生-热液成岩阶段,遭受较强的机械压实、胶结及溶蚀作用。其黏土矿物以高岭石为主,碳酸盐矿物有细亮晶和泥晶两类,硅质胶结微弱,局部见细晶黄铁矿及其褐铁矿氧化产物。成岩环境可能经历了由酸性到弱碱性再到酸性,由同生期氧化-浅埋期还原-短暂抬升期氧化还原过渡-缓慢沉降期还原增强-快速抬升期氧化的演化过程。砂岩中存在较多油气包裹体;酸解总烃为5.72~449.14 μL/kg,以CH₄为主;方解石脉δ13C_V-PDB为-25‰~-6.7‰,δ18O_V-SMOW为11.1‰~18.9‰;结合野外调查认为目的层存在一期中等偏弱的后生油气侵位,从而影响了砂体的Eh及pH值。以上成岩过程及烃类流体活动使得目的层早期形成了小型层间氧化带型铀矿并得以局部保存,晚期形成了一定规模的地表潜水氧化带型铀矿体。  相似文献   

Research on Formation Mechanisms of Hot Dry Rock Resources in China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

WANG Guiling  LIN Wenjing  ZHANG Wei  LU Chuan  MA Feng  GAN Haonan 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(4):1418-1433

As an important geothermal resource, hot dry rock(HDR) reserves have been studied in many countries. HDR resources in China have huge capacity and have become one of the most important resources for the potential replacement of fossil fuels. However, HDR resources are difficult to develop and utilise. Technologies for use with HDR, such as high–temperature drilling, reservoir characterisation, reservoir fracturing, microseismic monitoring and high–temperature power stations, originate from the field of oil and drilling. Addressing how to take advantage of these developed technologies is a key factor in the development of HDR reserves. Based on the thermal crustal structure in China, HDR resources can be divided into four types: high radioactive heat production, sedimentary basin, modern volcano and the inner–plate active tectonic belt. The prospective regions of HDR resources are located in South Tibet, West Yunnan, the southeast coast of China, Bohai Rim, Songliao Basin and Guanzhong Basin. The related essential technologies are relatively mature, and the prospect of HDR power generation is promising. Therefore, analysing the formation mechanisms of HDR resources and promoting the transformation of technological achievements, large–scale development and the utilisation of HDR resources can be achieved in China.  相似文献   

The Relationship between Jurassic Coal Measures and Sandstone-type Uranium Deposits in the Northeastern Ordos Basin, China     

JIAO Yangquan  WU Liqun  RONG Hui  PENG Yunbiao  MIAO Aisheng  WANG Xiaoming 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(6):2117-2132

Outcrop and drill hole data show that the Jurassic coal measures in the northeastern Ordos Basin are composed mainly of the Yan'an Formation and the lowstand system tract of the Zhiluo Formation,and there is a regional unconformity between them. The Dongsheng uranium deposit is associated with the Jurassic coal measures. Research data indicate that the Jurassic coal measures in the study area have a certain hydrocarbon-generating capacity,although the metamorphic grade is low(Ro=0.40%–0.58%). In the Dongsheng region alone,the accumulative amount of generated coalbed methane(CBM) is about 2028.29 × 108 –2218.72 × 108 m~3; the residual amount is about 50.92 × 108 m~3,and the lost amount is about 1977 × 108 m~3. Analysis of the burial history of the host rocks and the evolutionary history of the Dongsheng uranium deposit suggests that the Jurassic coal measures generated hydrocarbon mainly from Middle Jurassic to Early Crataceous,which is the main mineralization phase of the Dongsheng uranium deposit. By the Late Cretaceous,a mass of CBM dissipated due to the strong tectonic uplift,and the Dongsheng uranium deposit stepped into the preservation phase. Therefore,the low-mature hydrocarbon-containing fluid in the Jurassic coal measures not only served as a reducing agent for the formation of sandstone-type uranium deposits,but also rendered the second reduction of paleo-interlayer oxidation zone and become the primary reducing agent for ore conservation. Regional strata correlation reveals that the sandstone-type uranium reservoir at the bottom of the Zhiluo Formation is in contact with the underlying industrial coal seams in the Yan'an Formation through incision or in the form of an unconformity surface. In the Dongsheng region with poorly developed fault systems,the unconformity surface and scour surface served as the main migration pathways for low-mature hydrocarbon-containing fluid migrating to the uranium reservoir.  相似文献   

沉积盆地铀-油(气)共生机理          下载免费PDF全文

妥成荣  黄志新 《地质找矿论丛》2016,31(4):529-537

产于含油(气)盆地中的地浸砂岩型铀矿床与油(气)关系密切,在空间上常与油(气)藏呈共生关系。文章认为其成矿条件和控矿因素相似,并且具有成因联系是二者共生的主要原因。砂岩型铀矿和油(气)藏具有相似的成矿大地构造背景、岩相古地理条件、容矿地层、岩性圈闭、构造控矿条件和有机质基础;在成因上油(气)中的不同组分及其次生矿物对铀有重要的吸附和还原作用,是铀沉淀富集的重要因素之一,铀等放射性元素的存在也有利于油气的生成。由于成矿机理的差异性,砂岩型铀矿与油(气)藏属于异体共生矿床,二者的产出位置并不完全重叠,砂岩型铀矿的产出位置往往更靠近盆缘,且在油(气)储层上方,或以单一矿种产出。  相似文献   

东昆仑祁漫塔格矿带典型矿田构造背景与岩浆-热力构造特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨兴科  韩珂  范阅  屈翠侠  刘渭  何虎军  江万 《大地构造与成矿学》2016,(2):201-212

以矿田构造–岩相填图为主要方法,研究确定矿田构造和岩浆-热力构造类型及矿床类型,进行成矿富集中心的圈定及找矿预测,是矿田构造背景复杂地区的有效调研方法之一。东昆仑西段祁漫塔格矿带多期构造–岩浆活动强烈,断裂发育,以印支晚期岩浆侵入成矿与找矿进展较大。本次选择景忍–虎头崖、卡尔却卡B区、乌兰乌珠尔三个矿田区,进行1∶10000构造–岩相填图,填制了三个矿田区岩浆–热力构造类型分布图,认为晚三叠世岩浆侵入作用是该区多金属大规模成矿的主要内因,叠加其上的不同方向断裂控矿作用不同,近东西向和北西西向断裂控矿显著,明确了各矿田构造背景和印支期岩浆侵入形成的花岗斑岩+矽卡岩+断裂带热液成矿的模式,厘定了岩浆–热力构造的识别标志,即主要是印支晚期中酸性侵入岩、花岗斑岩、矽卡岩带、大理岩带、接触交代蚀变带、断裂破碎带叠加热液蚀变带等,圈定了成矿和找矿富集中心。  相似文献