碎屑岩成像测井沉积学研究及其在海上油田的应用     

杨玉卿  崔维平  田洪 《海相油气地质》2012,(3):40-46

基于成像测井技术在我国海域含油气盆地的应用积累,提出了碎屑岩成像测井沉积学的概念。碎屑岩成像测井沉积学的主要研究内容包括地层岩性识别、沉积构造解释、沉积序列与微相分析、砂体物源与古流向分析、砂体分布预测等五个方面。利用南海西部的实际资料,运用成像测井技术,对五方面的应用逐一分析或提出了应用前提、使用步骤、注意要点、已有规律特征以及典型实例。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711200028X     

Mingxiang Mei  Jinhan Gao 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(6):843-851

Most Phanerozoic oolites are marked by ooids with a diameter less than 2 mm.Observations on a Neoproterozoic oolite have resulted in a change of concept.The term "pisolite" that traditionally referred to oolites with a grain size of more than 2 mm,is now restricted to those coated carbonate grains formed by meteoritic freshwater diagenesis;oolites with a grain size of more than 2 mm are now defined as "giant".Particular unusual giant oolites within a set of oolitic-bank limestones with thicknesses of more than 40 m in the top part of the Lower Triassic(Induan) Daye(Ruiping) Formation at the Lichuan section in the western part of Hubei Province in South China,represent an important sedimentological phenomenon in both the specific geological period and the geological setting that is related to the end-Permian biological mass extinction.Like the giant oolites of the Neoproterozoic that represent deposits where oolites formed in a vast low-angle carbonate ramp at that special geological period,the Triassic Daye Formation at the study section are significant because they provide a comparative example to help understand the evolving carbonate world reflected by oolites,the origin of which is still uncertain. and they give insight into the sedimentation pattern of the desolate sea floor,which resulted from the mass extinction at the turn of the Permian into the Tnassic.  相似文献   

南海北部深水区沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴梦霜  邵磊  庞雄  乔培军  向绪洪  赵梦 《沉积学报》2012,30(4):672-678

对南海北部白云深水区沉积物稀土元素的研究表明,渐新世至中新世的物源发生较大变化。渐新世时期,白云深水区不同区域稀土元素的分布特征差异明显,表明沉积物物源不同。深水区北部沉积物主要来自古珠江物源区,深水区东、西部沉积物中含有较多中基性火山物质,南部则主要包含基性火山物质,说明当时南海北部地区构造活动较强,存在较多火山活动,火山活动由北向南基性成分增多。渐新世末的白云运动使南海北部深水区产生强烈持续沉降,造成陆架坡折带北移,白云深水区从渐新世浅海陆架环境演化为中新世陆坡深水环境,中新世期间沉积物主要来自深水区北部的珠江三角洲物源,深水区东部存在东沙隆起源区,而深水区南部沉积物在中新世仍受到基性火山活动的影响。  相似文献   

Geology of coal bearing Palaeogene sediments,onshore Torquay Basin,Victoria     

G. R. Holdgate  T. A. G. Smith  S. J. Gallagher  M. W. Wallace 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):657-679

New mapping at Anglesea coal mine, and coal resource and deep groundwater drilling have provided new perspectives on the economically important Eastern View Group coal bearing sedimentary succession in the onshore Torquay Basin. In the Anglesea Syncline, the upper 35 m thick brown coal seam of the Eastern View Group is overlain by a low angle unconformity. Units overlying the coal seams include high energy, cross cutting sand channels of the Boonah Formation and lower energy channel and interchannel systems of the overlying Salt Creek and Anglesea Formations. The mine section can be correlated from borehole data with the Eastern View Group and Demons Bluff Group exposed in coastal cliff sections along the adjacent Anglesea to Torquay coast. Recently drilled coal and groundwater exploration bores provide new data on the extent of the coal measures in the Anglesea area, and details of the underlying Tertiary succession that include typical Otway Basin units such as the Pember Mudstone and Pebble Point Formations. The stratigraphy below the coal measures suggests that the Otway Ranges were not present during Palaeogene times. The rank of the brown coals on and around the Otway Ranges is higher than any other Tertiary coals in onshore Victoria, and they preserve similar patterns of rank distribution to the high rank black coals in the underlying Lower Cretaceous Otway Group. Evidence for large overburden thicknesses is lacking, and the high ranks may have been augmented by higher than normal geothermal gradients in the Early Tertiary. Comparisons between the observed depositional cycles, sequence stratigraphic cycles, and worldwide coastal onlap curves suggest that the observed disconformity boundaries are sequence boundaries that provide a chronostratigraphic framework. Sequences present may include TB4.1–4.5 in the overburden units, and TB 2.4–3.6 in the coal bearing interval.  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene sedimentology,taphonomy and megafauna extinction on the Darling Downs,southeastern Queensland     

G. J. Price  G. E. Webb 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):947-970

The Kings Creek catchment, southeastern Queensland, contains a variety of Pleistocene – Holocene depositional settings. Fluvial depositional accumulation processes in the catchment reflect both high-energy channel and low-energy episodic overbank deposition. The lithofacies and depositional environments of locality QML796 were examined in detail to aid interpretation of taphonomic accumulation patterns of large and small taxa in the deposit. The basal fossiliferous unit was deposited in a meandering channel and passes upward into overbank deposits that include ephemeral interfluve channels and splays. The most striking taphonomic observations on vertebrates at the locality include: (i) low representation of post-cranial elements; (ii) high degree of bone breakage; (iii) variable abrasion with most identifiable bone elements having a low to moderate degree of abrasion; (iv) low rates of bone weathering; (v) a low degree of carnivore bone modification; and (vi) a low degree of articulated or associated specimens. Collectively, these data suggest that the material was transported into the deposit from the surrounding proximal floodplain and that the assemblages reflect substantial hydraulic sorting. However, despite that, sequential faunal horizons show a stepwise decrease in taxonomic diversity that cannot be explained by sampling or taphonomic bias. The decreasing diversity includes loss of some, but not all, megafauna and is consistent with a progressive local loss of megafauna in the catchment over an extended interval of time. Data are consistent with a climate change model for megafauna extinction but not with nearly simultaneous extinction of megafauna as required by the human-induced blitzkrieg extinction hypothesis.  相似文献   

南海北部沉积物特征及其对珠江演变的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邵磊  赵梦  乔培军  庞雄  吴梦霜 《第四纪研究》2013,33(4)

采用沉积地球化学、沉积物矿物成分分析等手段研究发现,自渐新世以来,南海北部沉积物成分具有阶段性改变的特征.在早渐新世,沉积物反映出其母岩以花岗岩和区域变质岩为主;到晚渐新世,母岩中区域变质岩类型消失,而以花岗岩、沉积岩和接触变质岩为特征;进入中新世,沉积物主要反映出碳酸盐岩等沉积岩为主的源区特点.这种沉积物成分演变特征与南海北部盆地基底及珠江流域不同区域物质组成特征极为一致,反映出珠江流域演化与南海北部沉积充填之间的对应关系.因此,通过这种研究方法,可以更好地理解32Ma以来南海北部沉积物成分发生改变的原因.同时,可以通过对比南海北部古珠江来源沉积物各时期的成分特点,建立珠江流域的侵蚀-搬运-沉积过程,探讨珠江流域演化历史.  相似文献   

从3个科学理念简论沉积学中的 “白云岩问题”^*   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

梅冥相 《古地理学报》2012,14(1):1-12

作为碳酸盐岩的重要类型,白云岩的成因机理和时空分布规律,一直是沉积学重要的研究主题之一。沉积学家已经建立了众多的白云石化模式,并用来解释各种白云岩的成因。然而,白云石在地表条件下的形成过程和机理,一直没有得到实验室条件下的模拟和证实,所以白云岩的成因就成为沉积学的难题,即沉积学中的 “白云岩问题”。白云岩形成的作用被简称为白云石化作用,同时作为碳酸盐岩成岩作用机制的类型之一,代表了科学理念的第1个变化;立足于前寒武纪白云岩原生沉积组构的精美保存,从早先的 “原生白云石沉淀”的假设到后期的 “拟晶白云石化作用”模式的提出,代表了科学理念的第2个重要变化;微生物作用有助于白云石沉淀而出现的 “微生物白云石化作用”的模式,似乎代表了沉积学家对沉积学中的 “白云岩问题”的探索和研究之中的第3个重要的科学理念进步。追逐上述科学理念的变化和进步,将会更加深入了解科学家们对 “白云岩问题”研究和探索的重要进展。  相似文献   

微观组分聚类分析在物源体系恢复中的应用——以民丰洼陷沙三段中亚段为例     

杨勇强  邱隆伟  孙宝强  付育璞 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(1):30-38

物源分析是盆地研究的一项重要内容,在有利储层预测和油气田勘探中具有重要作用。不同物源区形成的母岩及沉积环境存在差异性,致使各物源区沉积物组分在微观特征上存在差异。选取民丰洼陷沙三中亚段沉积物特征元素比值和重矿物含量作为研究的样本,采用聚类分析方法对物源体系进行研究。首先,在对特征元素指标进行优选的基础上,通过对沉积物特征元素比值进行Q型聚类分析,精确刻画了不同物源体系的范围;其次,对沉积物重矿物含量进行R型聚类分析,恢复了不同物源区的母岩类型。研究表明：洼陷主体区主要受来自青坨子地区的永安镇三角洲和南部的东营三角洲影响。分析结果与宏观的沉积学特征一致,证明该方法可以有效地判断沉积物的物源方向。  相似文献   

地震沉积学在近岸水下扇沉积体系分析中的应用以泌阳凹陷东南部古近系核三上亚段为例     

耿晓洁  朱筱敏  董艳蕾 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(1):57-64

泌阳凹陷东南部受盆地边界断层控制,主要沉积平氏、栗园两套近岸水下扇复合体。为解决砂砾岩体分布预测的难题,本次研究在建立泌阳凹陷东南部陡坡带核三上亚段高频层序地层格架的基础上,运用地震沉积学的技术,进行相位转换、分频处理、地层切片,分析研究区古近纪核桃园组上亚段4个四级层序(从上到下SQH31-SQH34)内,近岸水下扇复合沉积体系的砂体展布特征,并与钻井资料相结合,建立了研究区核三上亚段的沉积相模式。研究表明核三上亚段沉积早期,断裂活动强度大,SQH34-SQH33内扇体展布面积较大,核三上亚段沉积晚期SQH32-SQH31,扇体横向展布相对稳定。其中,中扇亚相的辫状水道砂体,以及扇体前端的滑塌浊积体是油气勘探的主要目标。  相似文献   

Physical and Geotechnical Properties and Assessment of Sediment Stability on the Continental Slope and Basin of the Bransfield Basin (Antarctica Peninsula)     

D. Casas  G. Ercilla  F. Estrada  B. Alonso  J. Baraza  H. Lee 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):253-278

Our investigation is centred on the continental slope of the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent basin. Type of sediments, sedimentary stratigraphy, and physical and geotechnical characterization of the sediments have been integrated. Four different types of sediments have been defined: diamictons, silty and muddy turbidites, muddy, silty and muddy matrix embedded clast contourites. There is a close correspondence between the physical properties (density, magnetic susceptibility and p-wave velocity) and the texture and/or fabric as laminations and stratification. From a quantitative point of view, only a few statistical correlations between textural and physical properties have been found. Within the geotechnical properties, only water content is most influenced by texture. This slope, with a maximum gradient observed (20°), is stable, according to the stability under gravitational loading concepts, and the maximum stable slope that would range from 22° to 29°. Nevertheless, different instability features have been observed. Volcanic activity, bottom currents, glacial loading-unloading or earthquakes can be considered as potential mechanisms to induce instability in this area.  相似文献