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41.
大生活用海水生化处理技术研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用海水作为大生活用水最结解沿海城市淡水资源紧缺局面的有效途径之一。该技术得以推广应用的技术关键是大生活用海水的后处理技术,文章综述了大生活用海水的生化处理技术的研究现状,并提出了今后的研究方向。 相似文献
42.
Atsushi Kaneda Hidetaka Takeoka Eiji Nagaura Yoshitsugu Koizumi 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(4):547-556
A cold-water intrusion, called a “bottom intrusion”, occurs in the lower layer of the Bungo Channel in Japan. It is an intrusion
from the shelf slope region of the Pacific Ocean margin in the south of the channel. In order to reveal the fundamental characteristics
of the bottom intrusion, we conducted long-term observations of water temperature at the surface and bottom layers of the
channel and 15-day current observations at the bottom of the shelf-break region. The long-term water temperature data indicated
that the bottom intrusion occurs repeatedly between early summer and late autumn, and its reiteration between early and mid-summer
causes a local minimum of water temperature in the lower layer in mid-summer. Moreover, the data revealed that most of the
bottom intrusions occurred in neap tidal periods. The current meter recorded a bottom intrusion with a speed of approximately
15 cm⋅s−1. The current meter also revealed that the intruded cold water slowly retreated back to the shelf slope region after the intrusion.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
43.
Ching-Piao Tsai Hong-Bin Chen Hwung-Hweng Hwung Ming-Jen Huang 《Ocean Engineering》2005,32(3-4):469-483
Estimation of the wave height transformation of shoaling and breaking is essential for the nearshore hydrodynamics and the design of coastal structures. Many empirical formulas have been well recognized to the wave height transformation, but most of them were only applicable for gentle slopes. This paper reports the experimental results of wave shoaling and breaking over the steep slopes to examine the applicability of the previous empirical formulas. Two steep bottom slopes of 1/3 and 1/5, and one gentle slope of 1/10 were conducted in the present experiments. Experimental results show that the shoaling distance of steep slopes become short and the surface waves may be partially reflected from the steep bottom, thus the estimation of wave shoaling using the well-known previous formula did not conform completely to the experimental results. The previous empirical formulas for the wave breaking criteria were also examined, and the modified equations to the steep beaches were proposed in this work. A numerical model was finally adopted to calculate the wave height transformation in the surf zone by introducing the modified breaking index. 相似文献
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Density, biomass and community structure of macrofauna were estimated together with several sediment characteristics at seven stations ranging from 208 m to 4460 m water depth along the OMEX transect in the Goban Spur area (NE Atlantic) during three seasons (October 1993, May 1994, and August 1995). Median grain size decreased with increasing water depth and showed no differences between the seasons. The percentages of organic carbon and total nitrogen were highest at mid-slope depths (1000 to 1500 m), and were significantly higher in August at the upper part of the slope to a depth of 1500 m. The C:N ratio in the surface layer amounted to 7 to 8 in May, 10 to 12 in August and 14 to 17 in October at all stations (except the deepest at 4460 m, where it was 11 in May and August), indicating arrival of fresh phytodetritus in May, and therefore seasonality in food input to the benthos. Densities of macrofauna decreased exponentially with increasing water depth. Significantly higher densities of macrofauna were found in May at the upper part of the slope to a depth of 1500 m. These differences were mainly due to high numbers of postlarvae of echinoids at the shallowest station and ophiuroids at the deeper stations. Biomass values also decreased with increasing water depth, but biomass was relatively high at the 1000 m station and low at 1500 m, due to relatively high and low mean weights of the individual macrofaunal specimens. No significant differences in biomass were found between the seasons. Respiration was high (15 to 20 mgC·m−2·d−1) in May at the upper part of the slope to a depth of 1000 m and low (1–3 mg C·m−2·d−1) at the deeper part. At the shallowest stations to a depth of 1000 m respiration was highest in May, at the mid-slope stations (1400–2200 m) it was highest in August, whereas the deepest stations (3600 to 4500 m) did not show any differences in respiration rates. In conclusion; seasonal variation in organic input is reflected in denstiy, community structure and activity of the macrofauna along the continental slope in the NE Atlantic. 相似文献
47.
边坡整体稳定的可靠性分析方法 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
边坡整体滑动稳定性的可靠性分析是建立在土体具有的抗力大于荷载效应的概率基础上进行设计和校验的。在条分法的基础上推导出了进行边坡稳定可靠性分析的统一极限状态方程 ,将土的容重γ、内摩擦角φ、粘聚力 c作为随机变量 ,当其为非正态分布时 ,进行当量正态化 ,考虑变量相关的情况 ,用简化相关法对随机变量进行统计分析 ,并以 Bishop圆弧滑动法为例 ,用 JC法求解边坡的可靠性指标及失效概率 ,给出计算安全系数和可靠性指标的算法程序。并就影响可靠性指标的因素如抗剪强度指标、变量分布形式、土性参数的变异性等进行了讨论。 相似文献
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49.
Mathematical Models for Combined Refraction-Diffraction of Waves on Non-Uniform Current and Depth 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
Hong Guangwen
Professor Research Institute of Coastal Ocean Engineering Hohai University Xikang Road Nanjing 《中国海洋工程》1996,(4)
Two mathematical models for combined refraction-diffraction of regular and irregular waves on non-uniform current in water of slowly varying topography are presented in this paper. Model I is derived by wave theory and variational principle separately. It has two kinds of expressions including the dissipation term. Model n is based on the energy conservation equation with energy flux through the wave crest lines in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates and the wave kinematic conservation equation. The analysis and comparison and special cases of these two models are also given. 相似文献
50.
用不同药物治疗凡纳对虾状幼体黏脏病 ,结果表明 :用浓度为 3× 10 - 6 养虾丹、混合施用 0 .15× 10 - 6 次氯酸钠 + 1.5mg/L土霉素或 0 .0 1× 10 - 6 的亚甲基蓝 + 1.5mg/L土霉素可治疗凡纳对虾幼体黏脏病 相似文献