墨西哥湾海洋环境对蓝蟹(Callinectes sapidus)幼体分布和扩散的影响     

朱现晔  吴克俭  石永芳 《海洋科学》2019,43(11):42-48

本文以蓝蟹为例,研究海洋环境对甲壳动物幼体迁移规律和机制的影响。利用不规则三角形网格和有限体积模型(finite-volume coastal ocean model, FVCOM)耦合kinesis模型的方法,分析研究了墨西哥湾物理环境对蓝蟹(Callinectessapidus)幼体的分布和扩散途径的影响。蓝蟹在每年的四、五月份海水落潮期间产卵,通过跟踪算法从产卵区域沿着墨西哥湾海域进行模拟,获得了80天内蓝蟹幼体的粒子移动轨迹,记录并分析了幼体经过海域的盐度值。研究结果证明了该方法可有效模拟蓝蟹幼体在特定海域的迁移规律和扩散机制,进一步研究可为了解海洋物理环境对蓝蟹和其他渔业资源的影响提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Accumulation and depuration of pectenotoxins in brown crab Cancer pagurus     

LI Zhaoxin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(2)

Pectenotoxins (PTXs) are a group of marine algal toxins. In this study, the accumulation and depuration of pectenotoxins in brown crab Cancer pagurus were investigated. Crabs were fed with toxic blue mussels Mytilus edulis for 21 days and then depurated for 42 days. Toxins were extracted with methanol from the digestive glands of contaminated crabs, uncontaminated crabs (control group) and from blue mussels for comparison. Extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatograph coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The concentrations of PTX-2, PTX-2 SA, 7-epi-PTX-2 SA, and PTX-12 were analyzed in two batches of toxic blue mussels and the crabs. A one-compartment model was applied to describe the depuration of PTXs. The half-life of PTXs was estimated to be 6-7.5 days. After depuration for 42 days, the amount of PTXs measured in the crab digestive glands was less than 1 μg/kg.  相似文献   

亚甲基蓝在水体系中的光化学降解研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨桂朋  孙璐霓  周立敏 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(1)

研究水体系中亚甲基蓝的光化学降解.结果表明,在高压汞灯照射下,亚甲基蓝在人工海水中降解得最快,蒸馏水次之,而在天然海水中降解得最慢.通过对比研究发现.重金属离子(Cu2+,Zn2+,Cd2+,Hg2+)和腐殖酸能够在一定程度上抑制亚甲基蓝的光降解;而丙酮能促进亚甲基蓝的光降解.由此可见,重金属离子和腐殖酸可能是造成亚甲基蓝在天然海水中降解缓慢的主要因素之一.  相似文献   

A Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Iron （Ⅲ） in Water Samples     

Hongwei Ji  Jian Xu  Huizhen Xin  Xiaoman Yang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(2):161-165

A new kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of iron (Ⅲ). The method is based on the catalytic effect of iron (Ⅲ) on the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye (RAWL) by KIO4 in acid medium. The advantages of the proposed method are that it is sensitive, accurate, rapid, inexpensive, can be operated under room temperature and has a large determination concentration range compared to other techniques. The obtained optimum conditions are pH 3.15, RAWL (200 mgL-1) 5.00mL, Potassium periodate solution (0.01 molL-1) 0.30mL, phenanthroline (0.02molL-1) 1.00mL, reaction temperature 25℃ and reaction time 7 miu. With this method iron could quantitively be determined in the range 0.00-0.02 mgL-1, the detection limit being 4.10×10-10mL-1. The relative standard deviations (RSD) in five replicate determinations for 3 μgL-1 and 5μgL-1 iron (Ⅲ) are 3.1% and 1.9%, respectively. The method has been applied to the determination of iron (Ⅲ) in tap water samples and seawater samples (from the South China Sea), the recovery rates being 98.0% and 100.5%, respectively.  相似文献   

荧光分光光度法测定海洋贝类体总石油烃的方法研究     

贾晓平  林钦  吕晓瑜  蔡文贵 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(4)

研究和建立了一种测定海洋贝类体中总石油烃的改进方法 ,即控温强碱直接皂化、乙醚萃取、正己烷溶解、荧光分光光度仪测定法。该方法的最低检测限为 0 .1 2 mg/kg(大港原油当量 ) ,变异系数( CV) 3 .2 %～ 4 .6% ,相对误差 ( RE) -4 .0 %～ 1 .8% ,具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高和费用低廉等特点。  相似文献   

Land use change in a 200‐year period and its effect on blue and green water flow in two Slovenian Mediterranean catchments—lessons for the future     

Matjaž Glavan  Marina Pintar  Martin Volk 《水文研究》2013,27(26):3964-3980

The overexploitation and impairment of our freshwater resources require land management strategies that support the preservation of green and blue water flow and various ecosystem services. Historical landscape analysis and the influential driving factors of landscape development provide an essential basis for tackling current environmental questions in land and water management. Hence, this article investigates the influence of historical land use pattern on the hydrological processes and provision of blue and green water flow and storage for man and ecosystems under current climate conditions. Moreover, we discuss in how far these findings could be used to predict or optimise future land management options or as a reference for future land and water management. We used digitalized historical land use maps from 1787, 1827, 1940 and 1984 and a digital land use map of present situation from 2009 for our study areas, which are two small scale Slovenian catchments (Reka and Dragonja). The integrated river basin model soil and water assessment tool was used to simulate the land use change effects on blue and green water flow. The results showed for both catchments that the influence of land use change on total and green water quantity would be statistically insignificant but would have considerable effects on the seasonal flows. In the Reka catchment, historical situations indicate effects on spring and summer blue and green water flow due to a decreased percentage of forest and an increased percentage of grassland and vineyards in the past. Results for the Dragonja catchment indicate past shift from arable land use to forest as decrease in summer green water flow and increase in blue water flow. Possible effects are also increased levels of blue water flow and decreased levels of green water flow during the growing period of the year. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Assessment of digital camera-derived vegetation indices in quantitative monitoring of seasonal rice growth   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Toshihiro Sakamoto  Michio Shibayama  Akihiko Kimura  Eiji Takada 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(6):872-882

A commercially available digital camera can be used in a low-cost automatic observation system for monitoring crop growth change in open-air fields. We developed a prototype Crop Phenology Recording System (CPRS) for monitoring rice growth, but the ready-made waterproof cases that we used produced shadows on the images. After modifying the waterproof cases, we repeated the fixed-point camera observations to clarify questions regarding digital camera-derived vegetation indices (VIs), namely, the visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) based on daytime normal color images (RGB image) and the nighttime relative brightness index (NRBI_NIR) based on nighttime near infrared (NIR) images. We also took frequent measurements of agronomic data such as plant length, leaf area index (LAI), and aboveground dry matter weight to gain a detailed understanding of the temporal relationship between the VIs and the biophysical parameters of rice. In addition, we conducted another nighttime outdoor experiment to establish the link between NRBI_NIR and camera-to-object distance. The study produced the following findings. (1) The customized waterproof cases succeeded in preventing large shadows from being cast, especially on nighttime images, and it was confirmed that the brightness of the nighttime NIR images had spatial heterogeneity when a point light source (flashlight) was used, in contrast to the daytime RGB images. (2) The additional experiment using a forklift showed that both the ISO sensitivity and the calibrated digital number of the NIR (cDN_NIR) had significant effects on the sensitivity of NRBI_NIR to the camera-to-object distance. (3) Detailed measurements of a reproductive stem were collected to investigate the connection between the morphological feature change caused by the panicle sagging process and the downtrend in NRBI_NIR during the reproductive stages. However, these agronomic data were not completely in accord with NRBI_NIR in terms of the temporal pattern. (4) The time-series data for the LAI, plant length, and aboveground dry matter weight could be well approximated by a sigmoid curve based on NRBI_NIR and VARI. The results confirmed that NRBI_NIR was more sensitive to all of the agronomic data for overall season, including the early reproductive stages. VARI had an especially high correlation with LAI, unless yellow panicles appeared in the field of view.  相似文献   

土壤—水悬浊液体系全量置入红外光度法测定土壤中的总石油烃   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

方敦  罗泽娇 《地质科技情报》2011,30(4):108-114

从考虑土壤本身复杂性而引起的基体效应出发,建立了土壤—水悬浊液体系以探求更合理可靠的土壤总石油烃测定的前处理过程.研究了土壤—水悬浊液体系中以CCl4为萃取剂全量置入提取土壤中总石油烃(TPH)红外光度法(IR)测定的可行性及其影响因素,阐明了应用该体系提取总石油烃的优化条件为:当水土比例(V/m)为12.5∶1、振荡...  相似文献   

硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究     

陈代梅  陈建  栾兴龙  姬海鹏  许峰  廖立兵 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2011,30(2):123-128

以阴离子表面活性剂硬脂酸钠为改性剂制备了硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石(NaSTA-MMT).FI-IR和XRD分析表明插层剂已进入蒙脱石层间,且随着硬脂酸钠量的增加蒙脱石层间距从1.274 nm增加到4.805 nm。亚甲基蓝吸附实验表明,硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石吸附行为遵循伪二级动力学方程。平衡吸附量与平衡质量浓度之间的关系符合Langmuir等温吸附方程所描述的规律。硬脂酸钠改性膨润吸附亚甲基蓝表现为自发的表面物理吸附过程,吸附活化能、吸附焓变和熵变分别为2.36 kJ/mol-、21.47 kJ/mol和-44.45 J/mol.K。  相似文献   

森林土壤中有效磷比色方法的改进     

邢雁  耿海燕  王文秀 《西部资源》2011,(3):60-61

【目的】行业标准中森林土壤中有效磷比色使用2,4-二硝基酚作为指示剂调节溶液酸度。其变色范围从深黄到浅黄,颜色变化不明显。【方法】本文通过改进指示剂,使用溴酚蓝,指示颜色变化明显,pH范围易控制。【结果】通过实验与对行业标准方法比对,无明显差异。【结论】方法精密度和准确度满足实验分析要求。  相似文献