Determination of carbon fractionation factor between aqueous carbonate and CO₂(g) in two-direction isotope equilibration     

P.M. Le?niak  P. Zawidzki 《Chemical Geology》2006,231(3):203-213

The experiments were conducted in the open CO₂ system to find out the equilibrium fractionation between the carbonate ion and CO₂(g). The existence of isotopic equilibrium was checked using the two-direction approach by passing the CO₂−N₂ gases with different δ¹³C compositions (− 1.5‰ and − 23‰) through the carbonate solution with δ¹³C = − 4.2‰. The Δ_{CO3T²⁻−CO2(g)} equilibrium fractionation is given as 6.03 ± 0.17‰ at 25 °C. Discussion is provided about the significance of carbonate complexing in determination of Δ_{CO3T²⁻−CO2(g)} and Δ_{HCO3T⁻−CO2(g)} fractionations. Finally, an isotope numerical model of flow and kinetics of hydration and dehydroxylation is built to predict the isotopic behaviour of the system with time.  相似文献   

磷石膏碳酸化固定二氧化碳的实验研究     

何思祺  孙红娟  彭同江  周国彪 《岩石矿物学杂志》2013,32(6):899-904

基于"以废治废"的理念,通过湿式碳酸化法对磷石膏固定CO₂的反应温度、时间、液固比和氮硫比对固碳率的影响进行了研究。采用XRD和SEM-EDS对磷石膏原料和碳酸化产物的物相组成、显微形貌等进行了分析与表征。结果表明: 磷石膏中的石膏在碳酸化过程中全部转化为方解石,而硬石膏由于溶解度小仅有部分转化为方解石,石英对于碳酸化反应是惰性的。优化的碳酸化工艺条件为: 反应温度为65℃,碳酸化时间为60 min,液固比为3.0,氮硫比为2.25,固碳率达到95.24%。实验结果对固碳减排和磷石膏的进一步资源化利用具有一定的实际意义。  相似文献   

Potential and Suitable Conditions Evaluation of CO2 Storage in Sichuan Basin     

FAN Jijiao  JI Xiaofeng  HU Qiuyun  JIN Xiaolin  PAN Jianyong  ZHANG Chao 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):941-941

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Geological Storage Forms of Injected CO2 and Variation with Time: A Case Study for Ordos Deep Saline Formation     

YUE Gaofan  XU Tianfu  WANG Fugang 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):980-981

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全球冰川径流中硅的研究进展     

刘莎  李向应  杨船洋  韩添丁  井哲帆  朱永华 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):390-404

硅（Si）是硅藻等海洋生物必需的营养元素,在海洋生态系统和碳循环方面扮演着重要角色。在全球变暖背景下,冰川加速消融,融水径流量快速增加,流域硅酸盐风化作用逐渐增强,导致大量Si元素随着融水释放出来并进入下游,很可能影响陆地与海洋生态系统生产力、碳循环并反馈气候变化。当前与冰川消融有关的Si释放及其影响研究已成为国际热点科学问题之一。通过回顾冰川径流中Si浓度及其δ³⁰Si的最新研究成果,分析了Si浓度的空间变化特征,发现冰川径流的Si浓度受采样方法、径流量、基岩特征等因子的共同影响。在总结该领域现存问题的基础上,认为未来急需加强冰川径流Si的野外监测,综合利用多种同位素手段来厘清冰川径流Si的迁移转化过程和输移规律,评估因冰川消融而进入下游生态系统的Si通量,进而为冰川Si的生态及气候影响评估提供科学指导。  相似文献   

二氧化钛表面键合配位体固相萃取填料的制备及其吸附性能研究     

申书昌  冷茉含  彭程  吕伟超 《岩矿测试》2018,37(1):21-29

有机配位体/无机纳米复合材料作为固相萃取填料用于重金属离子分离富集是当前分析化学研究的热点课题。本文将含有N、S配位原子的氨基硫脲通过缩合反应接枝于纳米二氧化钛表面,制备了一种新型纳米Ti O2/TSC复合固相萃取填料。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜表征,此填料与共混法制备的聚合物包覆纳米二氧化钛复合填料相比,二氧化钛粒子(尺寸200~300 nm)分布更均匀,结构更稳定。用该填料制备的固相萃取小柱静态吸附Sb3+、Cd2+和Ba2+在30℃时饱和吸附量分别为13.9mg/g、12.9 mg/g和11.2 mg/g,在优化的实验条件下三种金属离子的吸附回收率分别达到97.94%、95.65%和94.04%,实验数据重现性高(RSD5.5%),吸附性能优于聚苯乙烯-甲基丙烯醛-氨基硫脲包覆纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化钛两种填料。本填料结合ICP-MS测定水样中以上三种离子的检出限分别为0.061μg/L、0.013μg/L和0.075μg/L。  相似文献   

Effects of Doubled Carbon Dioxide on Rainfall Responses to Radiative Processes of Water Clouds          下载免费PDF全文

LI Xiaofan  LI Tingting  LOU Lingyun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(6):1114-1126

The effects of doubled carbon dioxide on rainfall responses to radiative processes of water clouds are investigated in this study.Two groups of two-dimensional cloud-resolving model sensitivity experiments with regard to pre-summer heavy rainfall around the summer solstice and tropical rainfall around the winter solstice are conducted and their five-day averages over the model domain are analyzed.In the presence of radiative effects of ice clouds,doubled carbon dioxide changes pre-summer rainfall from the decrease associated with the enhanced atmospheric cooling to the increase associated with the enhanced infrared cooling as a result of the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds.Doubled carbon dioxide leads to the reduction in tropical rainfall,caused by the removal of radiative effects of water clouds through the suppressed infrared cooling.In the absence of radiative effects of ice clouds,doubled carbon dioxide changes pre-summer rainfall from the increase associated with the strengthened atmospheric warming to the decrease associated with the weakened release of latent heat caused by the elimination of radiative effects of water clouds.The exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds increases tropical rainfall through the strengthened infrared cooling,which is insensitive to the change in carbon dioxide.  相似文献   

Physicochemical effects on sulfite transformation in a lipid-rich Chlorella sp. strain     

梁芳  温小斌  罗立明  耿亚洪  李夜光 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(6):1288-1296

SO2 is very rapidly hydrated to sulfurous acid in water solution at pH value above 6.0,whereby sulfite is yielded from the disassociation of protons.We aimed to improve the sulfite transformation efficiency and provide a basis for the direct utilization of SO2 from flue gas by a microalgal suspension.Chlorella sp.XQ-20044 was cultured in a medium with 20 mmol/L sodium sulfite under different physicochemical conditions.Under light conditions,sulfite concentration in the algal suspension reduced linearly over time,and was completely converted into sulfate within 8 h.The highest sulfite transformation rate(3.25 mmol/(L·h)) was obtained under the following conditions:35°C,light intensity of 300μmol/(m2·s),NaHCO3 concentration of 6 g/L,initial cell density(OD540) of 0.8 and pH of 9-10.There was a positive correlation between sulfite transformation rate and the growth of Chlorella,with the conditions favorable to algal growth giving better sulfite transformation.Although oxygen in the air plays a role in the transformation of SO2-3 to SO2-4,the transformation is mainly dependent on the metabolic activity of algal cells.Chlorella sp.XQ-20044 is capable of tolerating high sulfite concentration,and can utilize sulfite as the sole sulfur source for maintaining healthy growth.We found that sulfite 20 mmol/L had no obvious effect on the total lipid content and fatty acid profiles of the algae.Thus,the results suggest it is feasible to use flue gas for the mass production of feedstock for biodiesel using Chlorella sp.XQ-20044,without preliminary removal of SO2,assuming there is adequate control of the pH.  相似文献   

Soil carbon stock and flux in plantation forest and grassland ecosystems in Loess Plateau,China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chanjuan Hu  Guohua Liu  Bojie Fu  Liding Chen  Yihe Lyu  Lei Guo 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(4):423-435

Carbon sequestration occurs when cultivated soils are re-vegetated. In the hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China, black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) plantation forest and grassland were the two main vegetation types used to mitigate soil and water loss after cultivation abandonment. The purpose of this study was to compare the soil carbon stock and flux of these two types of vegetation which restored for 25 years. The experiment was conducted in Yangjuangou catchment in Yan′an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Two adjacent slopes were chosen for this study. Six sample sites were spaced every 35–45 m from summit to toe slope along the hill slope, and each sample site contained three sampling plots. Soil organic carbon and related physicochemical properties in the surface soil layer(0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) were measured based on soil sampling and laboratory analysis, and the soil carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions and environmental factors were measured in the same sample sites simultaneously. Results indicated that in general, a higher soil carbon stock was found in the black locust plantation forest than that in grassland throughout the hill slope. Meanwhile, significant differences in the soil carbon stock were observed between these two vegetation types in the upper slope at soil depth 0–10 cm and lower slope at soil depth 10–20 cm. The average daily values of the soil CO2 emissions were 1.27 μmol/(m2·s) and 1.39 μmol/(m2·s) for forest and grassland, respectively. The soil carbon flux in forest covered areas was higher in spring and less variation was detected between different seasons, while the highest carbon flux was found in grassland in summer, which was about three times higher than that in autumn and spring. From the carbon sequestration point of view, black locust plantation forest on hill slopes might be better than grassland because of a higher soil carbon stock and lower carbon flux.  相似文献   

二维能量平衡模式对若干气候问题的研究          下载免费PDF全文

LI Yaokun  CHAO Jiping 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):747-761

Based on a two-dimensional energy balance model, the studies on some climatic issues such as the re- lationship between ice cap latitude and solar constant, desertifieation, and the warming effect of carbon dioxide, have been reviewed and discussed. The phenomenon that a fixed solar constant might correspond to different equilibrium ice cap latitudes is determined by the continuity of albedo distribution. The disconti- nuity in albedo distribution increases the number of equilibrium ice cap latitudes. Desert would expand both northward and southward when desert surface albedo is increasing. This would deteriorate the ecological environment in border regions, and then threaten the existence of local inhabitants. Melting of the polar ice would not be accelerated, with increasing carbon dioxide concentration. The ice cap latitude would move northward slowly, with some “hiatus” periods, under the slowly increasing global average surface tempera- ture. According to the current research, future development of the two-dimensional energy balance model and possible progress are also forecasted.  相似文献