Comparison of methods for quantifying active layer dynamics and bedload discharge in armoured gravel‐bed rivers     

Geoffrey Houbrechts  Jean Van Campenhout  Yannick Levecq  Eric Hallot  Alexandre Peeters  Francois Petit 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(14):1501-1517

Several methods were employed in the Ardennian rivers (Belgium) to determine the depth of the active layer mobilized during floods and to evaluate the bedload discharge associated with these events. The use of scour chains has shown that the depth of the active layer is systematically less than the b‐axis of the average particle size (D₅₀) of the elements which compose the surface layer of the riffles. This indicates that only a partial transport exists during low magnitude floods. The bedload discharge has been evaluated by combining data obtained using the scour chains technique and the distance covered by tracers. Quantities of sediment transported during frequent floods are relatively low (0·02 t km^–2) due to the armour layer which protects the subsurface material. These low values are also related to the fact that the distance calculated for mobilized bedload only applies to tracers fitted with PIT (passive integrated transponder)‐tags (diameter > 20 mm), whereas part of the bedload discharge is composed of sand and fine gravel transported over greater distances than the pebbles. The break‐up of the armour layer was observed only once, for a decennial discharge. During this event, the bedload discharge increased considerably (2 t km^–2). The use of sediment traps, data from dredging and a Helley–Smith sampler confirm the low bedload transport in Ardennian rivers in comparison to the bedload transport in other geomorphological contexts. This difference is explained by the presence of an armoured layer but also by the imbricated structures of flat bed elements which increase the resistance to the flow. Finally, the use of the old iron industry wastes allowed to quantify the thickness of the bed reworked over the past centuries. In the Lembrée River, the river‐bed contains slag elements up to a depth of about 50 cm, indicating that exceptional floods may rework the bed to a considerable depth. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Does the invisible hand have a green thumb? Incentives, linkages, and the creation of wealth out of industrial waste in Victorian England   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PIERRE DESROCHERS 《The Geographical journal》2009,175(1):3-16

'Loop closing', that is, the creation of waste recycling linkages between different industries, has been hailed as a means of simultaneously achieving improved economic and environmental performance. As a result of the widespread assumption that traditional market incentives and institutions are not conducive to such an outcome, however, there remains a fair amount of scepticism as to what the capacity of business self-interest to promote this behaviour actually is. This article challenges the dominant negative perspective by discussing by-product development in one of the most market-oriented societies in human history, Victorian England. Building on nineteenth and early twentieth century writings on the topic, as well as a more detailed analysis of the development of valuable by-products from highly problematic iron and coal gas production residuals, a case is made that the search for increased profitability within the context of private property rights often simultaneously promoted economic and environmental progress in the long run, as well as on different geographical scales.  相似文献   

福建省漳州华安县洋竹径502矿区泥石流灾害治理方案探讨     

凌云 《地质灾害与环境保护》2009,20(3):13-17

华安洋竹径502矿区地质灾害隐患为潜在矿渣泥石流,堆积坡面弃渣及尾矿库内矿渣是泥石流的物质来源,是该地质灾害隐患的主要治理对象。通过对不同治理方案的分析研究,认为工程治理投入资金较大,且仅能治标,不能完全排除泥石流隐患。通过对尾矿弃渣二次选矿,回收有价值的钨矿,废渣外运作为建材,最终恢复原始地貌。投资风险小,并可取得良好的社会效益和经济效益;在资源日益紧缺的时代,对处理类似地质灾害隐患提供一种有效途径。  相似文献   

Dealkalization of Red Mud by Carbide Slag and Flue Gas          下载免费PDF全文

Xinke Wang  Yihe Zhang  Jingang Liu  Pan Hu  Ke Meng  Fengzhu Lv  Wangshu Tong  Paul K. Chu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(3)

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原料配比对硫氧镁水泥力学性能、物相和微观形貌的影响          下载免费PDF全文

刘秀泉  董金美  常成功  郑卫新  刘启元  肖学英  文静 《盐湖研究》2022,30(3):89-97

以盐湖提锂副产镁渣为原料,经洗涤煅烧制备活性MgO,并与七水硫酸镁混合制备硫氧镁水泥。研究了原料配比(活性MgO:MgSO₄:H₂O,摩尔比)对硫氧镁水泥试件凝结时间、安定性和抗压强度的影响,并利用XRD和SEM分析试件的物相组成和微观形貌。结果表明:固定H值,随着M值的增大,MOS浆体的凝结时间缩短,28 d的抗压强度先增加后降低,主要水化产物517相先增多后减少,晶体的微观形貌经历了由针丝状晶体—针丝状、短棒状晶体并存—凝胶状、针棒状晶体并存的转变过程;当M=9时,MOS浆体的安定性较差,主要水化产物逐渐变为Mg(OH)₂相;固定M值,随着H值的增大,MOS浆体的凝结时间延长,28 d的抗压强度先增加后降低,主要水化产物的种类没有发生明显的变化,当H≥26时,MOS浆体的安定性较差;得出较佳的M值范围为5~7,H值范围为20~24。  相似文献   

Removal Arsenic(V) Efficiency and Characteristics Using Modified Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag in Aqueous Solution     

YANG Liyun  GAO Mengdan  LV Yan  LI Shaojie  YANG Libing  LI Shuwu 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(3):537-546

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, the solid waste produced in the steelmaking process, is reused in industry, agriculture and environmental treatment. However, as an adsorbent for wastewater, the removal effect of BOF slag on anionic pollutants needs to be improved. In this study, acid and alkali were used to modify BOF slag, and the removal efficiency and mechanism of arsenic(V) with modified BOF slag in solution were studied. The effects of the As(V) initial concentration, solution pH and reaction time on the removal efficiency were determined by batch experiments, and the removal mechanism of As(V) using modified BOF slag was studied by an adsorption kinetic model and isothermal adsorption model and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectral analysis. The results showed that the slag modified by 15% sulfuric acid had the best removal effect on As(V), while the removal effect of As(V) by alkali-modified slag was not ideal. The removal rate of As(V) by acid-modified slag increased with the increase in the initial concentration, decreased slowly with the increase in pH and reached equilibrium in 180 min. The adsorption kinetic model and isothermal adsorption model of As(V) by acid-modified BOF slag showed that the chemical adsorption was the limiting step. The FTIR and XPS analysis results showed that the silicate and ferrite in the acid-modified slag could remove As(V) in the solution by ion exchange to form an arsenate precipitate. Therefore, modified BOF slag can be used as a potential adsorbent for large scale arsenic polluted waterbody to realize the ecological utilization of industrial solid waste.  相似文献   

波长色散X射线荧光光谱法同时测定钒渣中的主次量成分   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黎香荣  陈永欣  罗明贵  马丽方  韦新红 《岩矿测试》2011,30(2):222-225

采用偏硼酸锂和四硼酸锂混合熔剂熔融法制样,波长色散X射线荧光光谱法同时测定钒渣中的Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、TiO2、MnO、P、V2O5、MgO、Fe、S、Cr2O3等11个主、次量成分。研究了熔剂、预氧化条件、熔样温度、脱模剂等对制样的影响。采用理论α系数校正基体效应及谱线重叠干扰的影响。测定钒渣试样各组分的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)在0.1%～7.5%。用钒渣行业级有证标准物质及实际样品验证,测定结果与标准值及其他方法的测定值相符。与化学法相比,该方法具有快速、简便,精密度好,准确度高等优点。  相似文献   

广东某硫酸冶炼工业区土壤铊污染及评价   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘敬勇  常向阳  涂湘林  陈南  付善明  刘慧 《地质论评》2009,55(2):242-250

运用地累积指数法(Igeo)及富集指数法(EF)对广东某硫酸厂含铊黄铁矿冶炼废渣堆渣场周围土壤铊污染状况进行了调查和评价。结果表明,废渣周围土壤已受到了明显的土壤铊污染,铊污染物主要集中在土壤0~165cm范围,并且表现出沿垂直方向向下迅速降低的特点;土壤表层的铊吸附量未达到饱和状态,铊污染物将继续在土壤表层发生累积作用。Igeo与EF法对铊污染评价结果相似：废渣下伏土壤0~6cm范围铊污染达到中度污染水平,而在土壤约85~15cm以下为无至轻度污染水平;15cm以下没有受到土壤铊的污染;相对于下伏土壤剖面,废渣外围土壤污染更为严重,其中表层土壤0~1cm铊已经达到显著污染,土壤2~105cm范围内铊为中度污染,而在土壤约15cm以下铊为无至轻度污染。两种方法应用于工业区土壤铊污染水平分析是可行的,但是不能表明铊在土壤中存在状态、迁移能力以及生物有效性。  相似文献   

贵州省瓮福磷肥厂磷石膏渣场大坝稳定性分析     

袁亚平 《贵州地质》2009,26(3):231-234

在生产实践中,人们已经越来越清楚地认识到,尾矿库对矿山正常生产具有举足轻重的作用。瓮福磷石膏渣场是我国第一家引进美国技术进行治理与运行的项目,在安全、环保等方面具有示范作用。本文采用瑞典条分法对引进技术后渣场现状大坝的稳定性进行了分析并得出相应结论。  相似文献   

气举反循环清理地下连续墙槽底沉渣数值分析          下载免费PDF全文

曾纪文  胡福洪  閤超  陈锋  王润甜 《探矿工程》2017,44(12):71-74

为了深入研究用气举反循环清除地下连续墙槽底沉渣的效果,采用Fluent软件,运用模拟数值分析的方法,建立二维模型,并以气举混合器安置深度、空压机清槽压力、沉渣直径为研究对象,得出了如下结论：气举反循环技术能够有效地将沉渣从连续墙基坑底部返出,沉渣的出口速度范围在0.014～1.098 m/s,粘粒的逃逸速度比其它粒径的逃逸速度大;沉渣厚度越大,沉渣清理出来越难。  相似文献