区域地壳稳定性评价“安全岛”理论及方法   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

胡海涛  殷跃平 《地学前缘》1996,3(1):57-68

阐述了区域地壳稳定性和“安全岛”的概念和定义,以及在重大工程选址中研究它的重要作用。该课题从６０年代至今经历了三个不同的研究发展阶段,已形成具有我国特色的学科领域。文章探讨了区域地壳稳定“安全岛”理论和评价方法,归纳为三种评价方法：主要指标分级评价法;分区评价法;区域稳定（ＣＲＵＳＴＡＢ）专家系统及风险度评价法。最后提出相对稳定地块──安全岛”的识别标志以及从地表构造、深部构造和地震活动图象三方面与“地震空区”的主要区别。  相似文献   

氨基泡塑的合成及其应用于富集地质样品中的痕量金   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王红月  刘艳红  薛丁帅 《岩矿测试》2016,35(4):409-414

采用泡塑(PUF)富集,AAS或ICP-OES测定地质样品中痕量金是常用的分析方法。与活性炭相比,PUF的选择性好,但吸附容量偏低,可将泡塑负载不同的萃取剂或修饰不同的官能团提高吸附容量。本文将聚醚型泡塑经盐酸水解制备成氨基泡塑(PUF-NH_2)。红外光谱和扫描电镜表征显示,PUF-NH_2峰形发生了明显红移(3376.5 cm-1),其中的氨基数量显著增加,另外PUF-NH_2的高分子出现明显断裂,发生水解后裸露出的氨基具有还原性,在吸附金的过程中易与金离子在PUF-NH_2表面发生氧化还原反应,形成金纳米颗粒。改性后的PUF-NH_2吸附容量达到96 mg/g,与PUF相比提高了8倍。将PUF-NH_2应用于富集地质样品中的金,经炭化灼烧、50%王水提取后用ICP-OES测定,金的加标回收率在95.0%~105.0%之间,检出限为0.15μg/g。实验证明用PUF-NH_2处理样品提高了富集倍数和分析灵敏度,有利于低品位矿石的分析。  相似文献   

南海西南部西纳土纳盆地中部走滑构造带分段性及对油气控制作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕素萍  潘懋  夏朝辉  张铭  张文起 《地质论评》2016,62(3):770-778

为了研究南海西南部印度尼西亚纳土纳群岛西侧西纳土纳盆地走滑构造特征及对油气的控制作用,对研究区三维地震资料进行了精细分析,并结合切片和剖面特征对走滑构造进行了刻画。研究表明盆地中部中新世晚期发育北西向右旋走滑构造,由南东向北西,构造特征存在明显差异,根据其平面、剖面特征及活动强度分为东段、中段和西段。东段平面上为平直的、贯通的主干走滑断裂和雁列断层组,剖面上为花状构造;中段平面上为S型贯通的主干走滑断裂和雁列断层组,剖面上为花状构造;而西段平面上为雁列构造,没有贯通的主干走滑断裂,剖面上主要为断阶组合。推测走滑构造的分段性受走滑强度、断层几何形态和盖层厚度的影响,并对圈闭形成和油气运移、聚集具有明显的控制作用。  相似文献   

利用Logistic回归方法的高速桥（路）面结冰风险等级预警模型     

白永清  陈城  何明琼 《气象科技》2016,44(2):336-340

为提升湖北省高速公路交通气象预报服务能力,丰富高速公路沿线桥、路面结冰预警预报产品,开展特色专业气象服务,利用武英高速凤凰关交通气象站2009—2011年3年冬季桥、路面温度观测数据,基于Logistic回归模型解析了桥、路面结冰温度条件频率随环境气温的变化规律,建立了道路结冰温度条件风险概率模型,并由此构建了武英高速桥(路)面结冰风险等级预警模型,得到以下结论。武英高速公路桥面先于路面结冰的临界环境气温存在2℃差效应,桥(路)面结冰温度条件的低、中、高风险频率对应环境气温3基点为1℃(-1℃)、-0.6℃(-2.7℃)、-2.2℃(-4.4℃)。环境气温降低到0.3~-1.6℃(-1.7~-3.8℃)是武英高速桥(路)面结冰频率变化的快增期,-0.6℃(-2.7℃)左右是桥(路)面结冰频率变化最敏感基点。研究以等级形式发布武英高速公路桥、路面结冰风险预警产品,用户可根据条件主动选择防范或规避风险。  相似文献   

安徽省茶叶春霜冻发生规律及风险分布     

刘瑞娜  陈鹏 《气象科技》2016,44(6):1060-1065

基于2010—2014年安徽省78个市县茶园面积资料,把安徽省茶叶种植基地县划分为3个茶区。利用1980—2014年早春日最低气温观测资料,计算了茶区各基地县春霜终日、春霜日数和不同等级霜冻害发生频率,并对其分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:近35a安徽省茶区平均终霜期南部早于北部;春霜日数皖西大别山茶区出现最多,皖南黄山茶区最少。特晚终霜日和偏晚终霜日的指标日皖南宣城茶区均明显迟于皖西和皖南黄山茶区。特晚终霜日主要发生在20世纪80年代,偏晚终霜日主要发生在80年代和90年代。近35年轻度春霜冻皖西大别山茶区(六安)发生频率最高,中度和重度春霜冻皖南宣城茶区(绩溪)发生频率最高,轻度、中度和重度春霜冻发生频率均随年代呈下降趋势。依据风险分析理论对安徽茶区基地县进行了春霜冻风险分析,得出其风险的空间分布特点,结论可为指导春茶生产提供气象保障。  相似文献   

Active normal faulting during the 1997 seismic sequence in Colfiorito,Umbria: Did slip propagate to the surface?     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

In order to determine whether slip during an earthquake on the 26th September 1997 propagated to the surface, structural data have been collected along a bedrock fault scarp in Umbria, Italy. These collected data are used to investigate the relationship between the throw associated with a debated surface rupture (observed as a pale unweathered stripe at the base of the bedrock fault scarp) and the strike, dip and slip-vector. Previous studies have suggested that the surface rupture was produced either by primary surface slip or secondary compaction of hangingwall sediments. Some authors favour the latter because sparse surface fault dip measurements do not match nodal plane dips at depth. It is demonstrated herein that the strike, dip and height of the surface rupture, represented by a pale unweathered stripe at the base of the bedrock scarp, shows a systematic relationship with respect to the geometry and kinematics of faulting in the bedrock. The strike and dip co-vary and the throw is greatest where the strike is oblique to the slip-vector azimuth where the highest dip values are recorded. This implies that the throw values vary to accommodate spatial variation in the strike and dip of the fault across fault plane corrugations, a feature that is predicted by theory describing conservation of strain along faults, but not by compaction. Furthermore, published earthquake locations and reported fault dips are consistent with the analysed surface scarps when natural variation for surface dips and uncertainty for nodal plane dips at depth are taken into account. This implies that the fresh stripe is indeed a primary coseismic surface rupture whose slip is connected to the seismogenic fault at depth. We discuss how this knowledge of the locations and geometry of the active faults can be used as an input for seismic hazard assessment.  相似文献   

Regional VS30 model for the St. Lawrence Lowlands,Eastern Canada     

Miroslav Nastev  Michel Parent  Nicolas Benoit  Martin Ross  Danielle Howlett 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2016,10(3):200-212

Shear-wave velocity of the top 30?m, V_S30, is commonly used for prediction of the seismic site response. This paper presents development, validation and uncertainty assessment of a regional V_S30 model based on a combination of simplified 3D geology and statistically representative velocity values. Results identify soft marine sediments in deep sedimentary basins as zones most susceptible to seismic shaking. Compared to the available urban-scale seismic zonation studies, the regional model showed a success rate of roughly 64% in predicting local site category. The standard deviation was in average 30% of the expected V_S30 value.  相似文献   

Undifferenced Cycle Slip Estimation of Triple-Frequency BeiDou Signals with Ionosphere Prediction     

Bofeng Li  Yanan Qin  Zhen Li  Lizhi Lou 《Marine Geodesy》2016,39(5):348-365

With the rapid development of BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS), high-quality service has been provided in the Asia-Pacific region currently, which will be extended to the whole world very soon. BDS is the first Global Navigation Satellite System that all satellites broadcast the triple-frequency signals. The triple-frequency signals in theory can improve the cycle slip detection that is one of the preconditions in precise positioning by making use of carrier phase. This paper discusses the development of a cycle slip detection method for undifferenced BDS triple-frequency observations in kinematic scenario. In this method, two geometry-free extra-wide-lane combinations and one geometry-free narrow-lane (NL) combinations are employed. The key is to mitigate the between-epoch ionospheric biases in the geometry-free NL combinations. We propose to predict the ionospheric biases of current epoch by using those from its consecutive foregoing epochs. The method is tested with extensive experiments in varying observation scenarios. The results show that in case of sampling interval as small as 5 s, the between-epoch ionospheric biases can be ignored and the correct cycle slips can be determined. Meanwhile in case of lower sampling frequency, one needs to compensate the ionospheric biases of current epoch by using the predicted ionospheric biases. The presented method can correctly detect all cycle slips even if they are as small as 1 cycle.  相似文献   

Palaeoseismology of the Havran-Balıkesir Fault Zone: evidence for past earthquakes in the strike-slip-dominated contractional deformation along the southern branches of the North Anatolian fault in northwest Turkey     

Hasan Sözbilir  Çağlar Özkaymak  Bora Uzel  Ökmen Sümer  Semih Eski  Çiğdem Tepe 《Geodinamica Acta》2016,28(4):254-272

The Havran-Bal?kesir Fault Zone (HBFZ) is one of the major active structures of the Southern Marmara Region, which has been shaped by the southern branch of North Anatolian fault since the Pliocene. HBFZ is a 10–12 km wide, 120 km long, right-lateral strike-slip fault zone that consists of two ENE-striking main faults, namely, the Havran-Balya and Bal?kesir faults. The 90-km-long Havran-Balya fault exhibits right-stepping en echelon geometry and is made up of (1) Havran, (2) Osmanlar, (3) Turplu and (4) Ovac?k fault segments. On the eastern part, the 70-km-long Bal?kesir fault is divided into two fault segments; (1) Gökçeyaz? and (2) Kepsut. We estimated the long-term slip rate between 3.59 and 3.78 mm/yr using river offset. The Kepsut, Gökçeyaz? and Ovac?k fault segments are capable of generating an earthquake with a moment magnitude of up to 7.2. Detailed palaeoseismological studies show that the HBFZ is responsible for some surface faulting earthquakes with an average recurrence interval of 1000–2000 years during the late Holocene. Considering the fact that there was no evidence of a surface-ruptured earthquake for 2000 years, it can be stated that there is a seismic gap on the Gökçeyaz? fault segment.  相似文献   

福建兴化湾中部表层海水及沉积物中重金属含量特征与生态风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

王伟力  王继纲  林彩  刘洋  林辉 《应用海洋学学报》2016,35(2):284-293

分析研究了兴化湾中部表层海水Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的含量发现,表层海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量均符合海水水质一类标准,对表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd、As等6种重金属含量分析表明,6种重金属含量均符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准.表层海水中重金属与环境因子相关性分析表明,6种重金属与环境的相关性在不同季节中存在差异;而表层沉积物中重金属与环境因子的分析表明,重金属具有相近的来源,有机质对沉积物中重金属的含量分布具有重要影响.主成分分析结果表明,兴化湾中部表层沉积物7种重金属主要来源为有机质的降解、沉积环境本身及工业排污的影响,其贡献率分别为59.48%、15.30%、10.98%,3个主成分的贡献率合计达到85.76%.潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As均属轻微生态危害.  相似文献