High resolution micromill sampling for analysis of fish otoliths by ICP-MS: effects of sampling and specimen preparation on trace element fingerprints     

Arslan Z  Secor DH 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(3):364-371

Otoliths are calcified structures in the head of fish that record environmental information about fish's life history. Gathering the elemental information from the core of an otolith corresponding to the juvenile period of fish's life is critical to discriminate the adult fish to their natal habitats reliably. A high resolution micromill has been used to isolate the otolith core from a whole otolith for elemental analysis. The effects of micromilling procedures (e.g., sectioning, embedding and drilling) on contamination to otolith trace element levels were examined using paired blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) otoliths. Otoliths were decontaminated by dilute hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid throughout to remove surface contamination. A preconcentration procedure was used to determine the trace elements from the small core material by ICP-MS. It was found that micromilling procedures introduce significant contamination to otoliths, especially for Al, Cu, Pb and Zn. The sectioning procedure caused significant contamination for Co and Cu, while the embedding procedure resulted in contamination for nearly all trace elements (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Ga, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn). The combined sectioning, embedding and drilling procedure also resulted in contamination for most trace elements. Despite the contamination across all procedural steps, the decontamination procedure effectively removed the surface contamination with the exception of Pb and Zn. Bias (e.g., residual contamination) on Pb was small in comparison to overall concentration of Pb expected to occur in fish otoliths, therefore, its effect may be minor in discriminating individuals. Bias on Zn was larger that could limit its application in discriminating individuals.  相似文献   

北极河流径流量变化及影响因子分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

隋翠娟  张占海  刘骥平  单琰焱 《海洋学报》2008,30(4):39-47

利用最新的北极径流资料(R-arcticNET V3.0和Arctic RIMS),对进入北冰洋的4条主要河流的季节及年代际变化进行诊断分析。结果表明:入海径流在4-6月的大幅增加主要是由气温达到融点后积雪融化造成的,降水的作用次之。总的来说,欧亚区域在过去的70年里入海径流量是增加的,而北美区域在近30年里入海径流量是减小的,但注入北冰洋的径流总量是增大的。值得注意的是入海径流的年代际变化在不同季节增减趋势显著不同,夏季和秋季径流量减小,而其他两个季节径流量增大。进一步分析了影响入海径流变化的一些气候因子,结果表明:北大西洋涛动(北太平洋指数)与欧亚(北美)区域的冬、春季径流量存在正相关。春季气温与春季径流量呈正相关,而与夏季径流量呈负相关。降水与径流量基本上为同步正相关。春季积雪覆盖面积与春季径流量为负相关,而与夏季径流量为正相关,夏季积雪覆盖面积与夏季的径流量为正相关。  相似文献   

Fluxes and behavior of radium isotopes, barium, and uranium in seven Southeastern US rivers and estuaries     

Willard S. Moore  Timothy J. Shaw 《Marine Chemistry》2008,108(3-4):236-254

This paper demonstrates the importance of advective transport of water through permeable estuarine and salt marsh sediments. This transport delivers significant quantities of radium and barium to the coastal ocean; and, in some cases may remove significant quantities of uranium. These conclusions are based on repeated analyses of seven river–estuarine systems from North Carolina to Florida. Fluxes of radium and barium from these river systems are shown to be inadequate to balance the dissolved inventories of these elements in the South Atlantic Bight. The strong interactions that occur between surface and subsurface waters as these rivers encounter coastal marshes lead us to consider these river mouths as marsh-dominated in terms of their chemical fluxes to the ocean. Such interactions between the river and coastal marsh must be considered when estimating fluxes of material between the land and ocean.  相似文献   

Biometric,microstructural, and high-resolution trace element studies in Crassostrea gigas of Cantabria (Bay of Biscay,Spain): Anthropogenic and seasonal influences     

R. Higuera-Ruiz  J. Elorza 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Living Crassostrea gigas oysters of different ages and sizes were collected in three estuaries of Cantabria (Bay of Biscay, Spain): San Vicente de la Barquera Estuary, Santander Bay, and Marismas de Santoña Estuary. The main objective was to determine different shell responses to variable environmental parameters. A shell morphological study, based on three biometric indices, indicates that oysters of Santander Bay have two significant shell anomalies: abnormal thickening of the right valve and loss of vital cavity volume. These shell abnormalities are related with the presence in these waters of the chemical tributyltin. In the other two estuaries, the oysters show no detectable anomalies. Four shell microstructures have been distinguished: Regular Simple Prismatic, Regular Foliated, cone-Complex Cross Foliated, and Chalk. In Santander Bay oysters, the Chalk forms a “root-type” framework, whereas in the other two estuaries it forms a more compact microstructure. It is proposed that exposure to tributyltin has produced this modification. High-spatial-resolution geochemical transects have been carried out on the Regular Foliated microstructure in the umbo region in order to evaluate the distribution of Mg, Sr, and Na. The elements analysed exhibit clear cyclic variations in San Vicente de la Barquera Estuary and Marismas de Santoña Estuary oysters, related with seasonal periods, and characterised by broad maxima during months in which the waters are warmer and have higher salinity. These patterns are buffered in Santander Bay oysters. Our results demonstrate that biometric, microstructural, and high-resolution trace element studies in oyster shells can provide information about contaminants and seasonal variations in the estuarine environment.  相似文献   

重盐碱地养殖池塘水化学特性的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

石玉龙  段登选  王志忠  杜兴华  张明磊 《海洋湖沼通报》2009,(2)

2007年6月～10月对位于黄河下游重盐碱地凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘的水化学特性进行了研究.结果表明:(1)该地区水体的水型主要表现为ClNaⅢ,总含盐量较高,平均(2143.77±859.18)mg/L,在阴离子中,氯离子含量最高,平均(944.07±477.57)mg/L.(2)pH值较高,各池塘平均值为8.79～9.15,在整个养殖周期中水体pH＞8.5的比例占87.9%,pH＞9的比例占47.0%.(3)总硬度较高,平均为(11.96±3.69)mmol/L,极值范围为7.05～22.4mmol/L,主要表现为镁硬度.(4)水体中营养元素氮的含量较高,活性磷的含量相对较低,而总磷含量较丰富,能够满足浮游植物生长的需求.  相似文献   

西北冰洋表层沉积物中重金属的赋存形态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨丽  高爱国  张延颇  赵冬梅 《台湾海峡》2012,31(4):451-458

用连续提取法对选自西北冰洋的32个表层沉积物进行分析,测定了Cr、Cu、Pb在全样中及其在P1-2、P3、P4、P5中的含量.结果表明随着离岸距离增加,水深加深,Cr、Cu、Pb含量呈增高的趋势.研究区陆架沉积物中Cr、Cu、Pb含量分别为60.66、14.77、16.65μg/g;深海沉积物中Cr、Cu、Pb的含量分别为80.40、41.70、25.62μg/g.元素赋存形态分析表明,Cr、Cu、Pb主要赋存在残渣态,残渣态中三元素的含量平均值分别为64.97、19.67、17.56μg/g,占元素总量的比例分别为93.58%、75.02%和83.76%.三元素在各赋存形态中的含量分布是:Cu为残渣态>有机质和硫化物态>铁锰氧化态>可交换及碳酸盐态;Pb和Cr则为残渣态>铁锰氧化物态>有机质硫化物态>可交换态及碳酸盐态.研究区重金属元素在不同赋存形态中的含量分布与北太平洋深海沉积物中类似.  相似文献   

东山湾表层沉积物5种重金属元素含量分布及其与主要环境因子的关系     

郑盛华  杨妙峰  席英玉  陈宇锋  蔡建堤  陈财珍  钟硕良 《台湾海峡》2014,(2):251-257

根据2011年8月福建东山湾12个站位表层沉积物中5种重金属含量调查,探讨了它们的分布趋势、相互关系、影响因素,并运用潜在生态风险指数法对重金属污染进行风险评价.结果表明,该海域表层沉积物中重金属Cu含量变化范围在5.53～22.40 mg/kg之间,平均值为15.10 mg/kg;Pb含量变化范围在28.9～42.6 mg/kg之间,平均值为35.0 mg/kg;Zn含量变化范围在34.8～133.9 mg/kg之间,平均值为95.9 mg/kg;Cd含量变化范围在0.031～0.078 mg/kg之间,平均值为0.059 mg/kg;Cr含量变化范围在19.2～91.8 mg/kg之间,平均值为62.5 mg/kg.重金属含量的分布呈现湾顶（3、11号站）高、湾外（7号站）低的格局;沉积物中有机质对重金属含量的分布起着重要作用;重金属Cu、Zn和Cr的含量随着沉积物粗颗粒组分（63～2 000μm）含量的增大而降低,成负相关关系（p〈0.05）;Cr的含量随着粘土组分（〈1μm）含量的增大而增大,成正相关关系（p〈0.05）.除了湾顶3号站Cr（含量为91.8 mg/kg）以外,其他重金属元素含量均符合《海洋沉积物质量》一类标准;各元素潜在生态危害系数Ei r大小顺序为Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉Cr〉Zn,所有站位重金属潜在生态危害指数RI均远小于90,属低度生态风险,表明东山湾沉积环境基本良好.  相似文献   

基于DINEOF方法重构台湾海峡叶绿素a遥感缺失数据的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

郭海峡  蔡榕硕  谭红建 《应用海洋学学报》2016,35(4):550-558

卫星遥感观测是研究海洋环境变化的一种重要方法,但由于观测周期和天气影响等原因,观测数据经常存在一定的缺失,这使得遥感数据在海洋环境连续变化的应用研究中受到一定的限制.为解决此问题,本文采用了经验正交函数分解插值方法(DINEOF)重建缺失的遥感观测数据.首先,基于Sea Wi FS(1998年1月至2010年12月)、MODIS-Aqua(2002年7月至2014年12月)和MODIS-Terra(2000年2月至2014年12月)三级叶绿素a月平均数据产品,按像素点平均的方法组合成原始资料集;其次,利用DINEOF方法重构该资料集的缺失部分,从而得到完整的1998~2014年台湾海峡及邻近海域叶绿素a浓度的月平均数据集;再通过分析重构影像与原始资料的时空误差和验证重构影像的时空变化特征等方法,评价了所用算法和重构数据集的合理性.结果表明:基于遥感组合数据,采用DINEOF方法重构的叶绿素a遥感影像,能够有效地反映研究海域叶绿素a浓度的时空变化规律.研究还表明,该方法操作简便,无需先验信息,且重构精度高,能有效重构大面积缺失的影像数据资料,为探索海洋环境和生态的长期变化规律提供了较好的基础.  相似文献   

铵锌镉还原法测试硝酸盐氮、氧同位素方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

尹希杰  杨海丽  郭浩然  陈淳青  崔坤磊 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(4):721-727

本研究利用铵锌镉还原法将海水、湖水和自来水水体中硝酸盐转化为N₂O气体测试氮、氧同位素, 结果表明当反应体系的pH值在6～8之间, NO₃^-还原为NO₂^-的转化率大于95%, NO₂^-还原为N₂O的转化率大于99%。配置5种丰度的硝酸盐氮、氧同位素标样, 将实验结果与理论值绘制校准曲线, 氮同位素校准曲线斜率为0.48, 相关性良好(R²=0.999 8), 5种丰度δ¹⁵N_N2O标准偏差在0.18‰～0.43‰之间(n=5);氧同位素校准曲线斜率为0.70, 相关性良好(R²=0.999 6), 5种丰度δ¹⁸O_N2O标准偏差在0.27‰～0.46‰之间(n=5)。铵锌镉还原法与镉柱还原法测定硝酸盐氮、氧同位素结果的精密度和准确度一致, 同时海水、湖水和自来水3种不同类型水样的硝酸盐氮、氧同位素测试数据满足实验要求, 而且在实验流程的简洁性和高效性方面更具优势。  相似文献   

闽江河口区沉积物中的抗生素分布特征及生态风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

刘四光  张乐蒙  李赫男  陈猛  陈岚  王键  张钒 《应用海洋学学报》2020,39(2):162-171

采用固相萃取和液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法对闽江河口区域沉积物中8类54种抗生素的含量以及分布特征进行分析探讨,并利用熵值法对抗生素的生态风险进行评价。结果表明,闽江河口区域24个站点共检出6类(大环内酯类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、氯霉素类、硝基咪唑类和苯并咪唑类)19种抗生素,总量范围在4.16~64.74 ng/g,平均值为17.35 ng/g;其中大环内酯类、喹诺酮类和硝基咪唑类抗生素检出频率达到100%。抗生素总量的空间分布情况呈闽江河口上游>北港>南港>河口下游的趋势,人口密集区生活污水和医疗废水排放是上游和北港沉积物大环内脂类和喹诺酮类抗生素含量较高的主要原因,而海水养殖过程中的直接投放可能是河口下游硝基咪唑类抗生素的主要来源;生态风险评价结果显示,大部分抗生素的生态风险值RQ<1,然而替米考星和甲硝唑在研究区域的RQ>1,具有一定的潜在风险,可能会对该区域生态环境产生负面效应。  相似文献