用储层岩石抽提物的饱和烃色谱指纹识别油气层   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

陈世加  黄第藩 《沉积学报》1998,16(4):149-152

利用储层岩石抽提物的饱和烃色 质总离子图的指纹特征判识储层的流体（油、气）类型。油层或油饱和的储层,饱和烃色 质总离子流图的特征是正构烷烃碳数分布宽,碳数分布在C₁₅～C₃₈之间,与原油样品的正构烷烃碳数分布相似;凝析气层的正构烷烃碳数分布略窄一些,碳数分布在C₁₅～C₃₅之间,低碳数（小于C₂₁）的正构烷烃相对于油层富集,高碳数（大于C₂₁）的正构烷烃丰度明显低于油层;干气层的正构烷烃碳数分布最窄,碳数分布在C₁₅～ C₂₈之间,只有低碳数的正构烷烃,高碳数的正构烷烃丰度极低。据此可用来识别油层、凝析气层和干气层,也可用于一些测井资料不全或测井质量差的老井的油气层复查、测井难以识别的火成岩油气层的识别,还可用于地层评价,为油气酸化层位的优选提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Analytical perspective on trace element species of interest in exploration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gwendy E. M. Hall 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,61(1-3)

Analysis of soil and sediment samples, using selective extraction methods to distinguish different phases, is of particular interest in exploration geochemistry to locate deeply buried mineral deposits. There are various mechanisms of binding labile elements in the secondary environment, including physical and chemical sorption, precipitation, chelation and complexation. Phases present in soils and sediments which are likely to scavenge ‘free' elements include amorphous Mn and Fe oxides, the humic and fulvic components of humus, and clays. This paper reviews these forms of trace elements and the methods in current use to quantify them. Examples of precision data, both for control and survey samples, are given with respect to trace elements dissolved from the ‘soluble organic' component of humus, Mn oxides and amorphous Fe oxides. The high sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is required to measure accurately and precisely a large suite of trace elements, especially where only small fractions of elements are dissolved by such leaches as the commercially available Enzyme and MMI (Mobile Metal Ion) extractions. The relative standard deviations (RSD) obtained for 33 elements (e.g. Ag, Cd, In, I) in the standard reference sample (SRM), TILL-2, are in the range 0.5–8% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH₂OH·HCl) leach designed to extract hydrous Fe and Mn oxides. The corresponding RSDs for elements in the reactive Mn oxide phase extracted by the Enzyme leach are in the range 3–19% except for some trace elements at levels close to detection limit (e.g. Cd, Bi). The RSDs obtained for field duplicates are inferior to those for analytical replicates (i.e. sample splits), probably a reflection of different concentrations of the host phase. In one soil survey, the Fe extracted by a 0.25 M NH₂OH·HCl leach ranged conservatively from 0.2 to 1.7% whereas the Mn extracted by the Enzyme leach varied extensively, from 0.3 to >999 ppm. In contrast, precision, at 1–7% RSD, for field duplicates was found to be comparable with that for both analytical duplicates and the SRM, LKSD-4, for elements associated with the humic and fulvic component of humus samples sieved to <177 μm.  相似文献   

Substorm associated radar auroral surges: a statistical study and possible generation model     

B. A. Shand  M. Lester  T. K. Yeoman 《Annales Geophysicae》1998,16(4):441-449

Substorm-associated radar auroral surges (SARAS) are a short lived (15–90 minutes) and spatially localised (5° of latitude) perturbation of the plasma convection pattern observed within the auroral E-region. The understanding of such phenomena has important ramifications for the investigation of the larger scale plasma convection and ultimately the coupling of the solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere system. A statistical investigation is undertaken of SARAS, observed by the Sweden And Britain Radar Experiment (SABRE), in order to provide a more extensive examination of the local time occurrence and propagation characteristics of the events. The statistical analysis has determined a local time occurrence of observations between 1420 MLT and 2200 MLT with a maximum occurrence centred around 1700 MLT. The propagation velocity of the SARAS feature through the SABRE field of view was found to be predominately L-shell aligned with a velocity centred around 1750 ms^–1 and within the range 500 m s^–1 and 3500 m s^–1. This comprehensive examination of the SARAS provides the opportunity to discuss, qualitatively, a possible generation mechanism for SARAS based on a proposed model for the production of a similar phenomenon referred to as sub-auroral ion drifts (SAIDs). The results of the comparison suggests that SARAS may result from a similar geophysical mechanism to that which produces SAID events, but probably occurs at a different time in the evolution of the event.  相似文献   

浅层地震技术在隧道勘察中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张广忠  刘貅生 《煤田地质与勘探》1998,(Z1)

论述了在深圳市东部沿海高速公路隧道勘察中,应用浅层地震勘探方法查明地下地质构造、风化带、分层等,并根据资料解释成果、钻探资料和工区地质资料,对隧道开挖过程中可能遇到的断层及塌陷等情况进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Recombination rates of small ions and their attachment to aerosol particles     

W. Gringel  K. H. Käselau  R. Mühleisen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(6):1101-1113

It could be shown by measurements of the air conductivity and using a mean profile for the ionization rate that experimental and theoretical values of the recombination rate of small ions based on a three body recombination process (Thomson) are in very good agreement up to 20 km altitude. The divergency of the experimental and theoretical curves above 20 km can be interpreted by assuming that there exists in this altitude region a crossover from the three body recombination to a two body recombination process. The value of the recombination coefficient is about 4·10^–7 cm³ s^–1 in 25 km altitude, compared with 1.4·10^–6 cm³ s^–1 at ground level. Furtheron it was possible for the first time to get some experimental data of attachment coefficients up to 13 km from simultaneous measurements of the air conductivity and Aitken nuclei concentration. These values are in good agreement with those obtained by theoretical considerations.  相似文献   

金华市不同区域负氧离子浓度特征与气象环境因素相关分析     

冯晓钰  张云惠  王智楷  楼俊伟  张鑫 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2024,18(2):150-157

利用2019—2021年金华市空气负氧离子浓度和气象环境资料，研究不同区域（平原城区、平原公园、水边景区、山林景区）负氧离子浓度时空分布特征，分析人类活动最多的城区负氧离子浓度与气象环境因素不同时间尺度的相关性，以及不同天空状况的差异。结果表明：负氧离子浓度呈现平原低、山区高的分布特征，植被茂密、动态水流可增加负氧离子浓度和提高浓度等级。山林景区日出和日落前后负氧离子浓度较高，水边景区凌晨和午后出现高值，平原地区则在下午达到高峰。不同区域四季日变化趋势整体较一致，但不同季节负氧离子浓度峰值大小、日较差和出现峰值时刻存在差异。四季不同区域负氧离子浓度有所差异，主要表现为6—9月高，其中尤以8月山林景区为最。负氧离子浓度与气象环境因素的相关性在不同时间尺度上差异较大：时尺度上与气温、风速、雨量和O3呈显著正相关，而与PM2.5呈显著负相关。四季看，负氧离子浓度春季与风速相关性最高，夏季为气温，秋季为O3，冬季为PM2.5。日尺度上则与相对湿度、风速、雨量呈显著正相关，与PM2.5和O3呈显著负相关，且雨天负氧离子浓度明显高于其他天空状况，差异在冬季达最大。  相似文献   

地下水中钙和镁的离子色谱法同时测定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张琢  邵超英  温晓华  何中发 《岩矿测试》2010,29(5):621-624

改进了离子色谱分析地下水中钙和镁的方法。以IonPac CS12A为分离柱,稀盐酸为淋洗液,电导检测器检测,对地下水中的锂、钾、钠、钙和镁进行同时测定。方法具有较宽的线性范围和较高的灵敏度,钙、镁的浓度分别在0～500mg/L和0～250mg/L内呈良好的线性关系;钙的检出限为1.50μg/L,镁的检出限为0.89μg/L。对不同浓度钙、镁水质标准样品进行分析测定,同时对实际样品进行不同稀释倍数分析验证,方法精密度(RSD,n=8)为0.19%～1.89%,无显著的基体效应影响。方法可满足全国地下水调查评价规范要求,适于地下水样品中锂、钾、钠、钙和镁离子的同时测定。  相似文献   

电气石矿物吸附铜离子试验研究     

余东华  杨如增  任杰 《上海国土资源》2010,31(4):83-86

本文研究了电气石的单晶、电气石微粉对Cu2＋的吸附作用,试验表明：电气石单晶体表面存在着以C轴为两极的静电场,该静电场对Cu2＋的吸附作用效果明显。制备的电气石微粒越细,吸附效果越好。电气石的电场效应使得它在治理污水中Cu2＋污染具有广阔的前景。  相似文献   

高亚硝酸盐胁迫下日本囊对虾肝胰腺的转录组分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈亭君  栗志民  袁乐  刘建勇  梁彩凤 《海洋科学进展》2022,40(2):287-306

海岸带盐度过渡区域水体中氮、磷的准确测定对陆海统筹及海岸带管理起着至关重要的作用。为探究盐度对氮、磷测定准确度的影响,进而明确河口海岸带淡水-咸水盐度过渡区不同形式氮、磷测定方法的选择依据,分别采用淡水和海水的相关国家标准方法,测定不同盐度下不同质量浓度氮、磷的人工海水和天然海水水样中氨氮、亚硝氮、总氮、活性磷酸盐和总磷的质量浓度。结果表明,盐度对某些氮、磷的淡水法和海水法测定结果有一定程度的影响。对氨氮的测定,当S≤4.0时淡水法或海水法均可准确测定水体中的氨氮,S>4.0时应对水样进行pH 调整预处理后用海水法进行测定;对亚硝氮的测定,淡水法和海水法的测定结果无明显差异;对总氮的测定,当S≤5.0时应采用操作简单、测定准确的淡水法测定,S>5.0时应采用海水法。对水体中的活性磷酸盐的测定,在低盐低磷(S≤35.0且ρPO3-4 ≤0.2mg·L-1)的情况下盐度对淡水法和海水法测定结果的影响微乎其微,而对于高盐高磷(S>35.0且ρPO3-4 > 0.2mg·L-1)的水样选择灵敏度更高的海水法测定更准确;对总磷的测定,选取海水法测定准确度更高。研究结果为海岸带水体不同形式氮、磷质量浓度的准确测定与方法选择提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

重金属胁迫对两种海洋饵料微藻的急性毒性效应研究     

于小娣  师玥  刘泳  周斌  王其翔  张鑫鑫  唐学玺  王悠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(2)

在模拟生态环境条件下研究了铜(Cu2+)、镉(Cd2+)和锌(Zn2+)3种重金属离子对2种海洋饵料微藻(青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)和等鞭金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana 8701))的急性毒性效应,分析其对种群增长的影响,并利用透射电镜对微藻亚显微结构的变化进行分析。在实验浓度范围内,2种微藻的种群增长对3种重金属离子的急性胁迫表现出类似的变化趋势,随着胁迫浓度的增加,微藻的相对增长率均呈现出不断下降的趋势;通过比较2种微藻的48hEC50和96h-EC50发现:3种重金属离子的毒性程度为Cu2+Cd2+Zn2+,等鞭金藻8701对重金属胁迫的敏感性高于青岛大扁藻。2种微藻的亚显微结构观察显示,二者的膜结构及细胞核对Cu2+胁迫并不太敏感;与对照组相比等鞭金藻8701的色素体及贮能物质受影响较严重,而青岛大扁藻的叶绿体及淀粉粒受影响较大。  相似文献