南海湖沉积物重金属形态分布及其对水质影响的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

樊庆云  何江  薛红喜  吕昌伟  宝金花 《沉积学报》2007,25(4):612-618

通过对包头市南海湖沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的形态、AVS和SEM、上覆水、上覆过滤水及沉积物间隙水重金属的系统分析，结合南海湖为黄河新成牛轭湖的特点，与黄河进行了对比，研究了重金属在固、液两相间的迁移转化规律，结果表明南海湖与黄河沉积物中重金属的残渣态非常接近，反映了沉积的同源性，Pb和Cd次生相则明显在南海湖发生富集，上覆水中重金属81.0%以上均结合在悬浮物上，南海湖水质长期Cu超标的现象是由沉积物的释放造成的，研究证明间隙水为重金属向上覆水迁移起到桥梁通道作用；有机络合物的络合作用超过AVS的沉淀作用，是导致Cu向水相扩散迁移的主导因子。  相似文献   

德兴铜矿低品位矿石堆浸场与大坞河流域土壤重金属元素形态的环境特征   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

初娜赵元艺  张光弟张勤蔡剑辉  熊群尧李德先王金生  赵金艳 《地质学报》2007,81(5):670-683

本文主要采用连续提取法对德兴铜矿地区低品位矿石堆浸场和大坞河流域的土壤样品进行元素形态分析。低品位矿石堆浸场中As、Cu元素含量最高分别达到95.7μg/g和1867μg/g,都严重超过国家三级土壤标准,但是通过元素形态分析得到,As元素主要以硫化物态存在(百分比为50%-80%),Cu元素主要以有机结合态存在(百分比为50%-60%),能稳定存在于矿石中。其他元素如Cd、Mo、Pb、Zn都以有机物结合态为主,Cr元素以硅酸盐态为主,Hg元素以硫化物态占主要,重金属迁移性差,对环境的影响不大。大坞河流域上中下游元素形态组成变化不明显。Cu元素含量(平均为400-500μg/g)超过国家三级土壤标准,但是Cu元素主要是以有机结合态存在(比例为35%),稳定性相对较好。而Cd元素虽然在样品中含量在国家三级土壤标准之下,其水溶态、吸附态和碳酸盐态所占的比例较大(30%左右),容易发生迁移转化,对环境的影响较大。Pb元素以有机结合态为主,百分比达到45%;As、Hg元素以硫化物态占主导,百分比大于50%,对环境有潜在的影响。其他元素如Cr、Mo、Zn的硅酸盐态比例最大(50%左右),能比较稳定的存在于土壤中,对环境的影响较小。  相似文献   

原子荧光光谱法用于水系沉积物中迁移毒性态汞的形态分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

徐国栋邱海鸥  王义壮汤志勇 《岩矿测试》2007,26(5):359-362

水系沉积物中汞可分为三种形态，即迁移毒性态、亚迁移态和惰性态。建立了用原子荧光光谱法测定迁移态毒性汞中无机汞和有机汞的分析方法，并将该方法应用于武汉市涨渡湖沉积物中汞形态分析。方法检出限为0．004μg/L，精密度（RSD，n=11）为4．2％，回收率为92．2％～105．4％。  相似文献   

库布齐沙漠颗粒物中磷的化学形态分析     

李北罡  郭博书 《岩矿测试》2007,26(1):9-12

采用7步连续浸提法对库布齐沙漠响沙湾沙粒中磷的各种存在形态进行了分析测定，并对沙粒样进行了分级形态研究。结果表明：在库布齐沙漠响沙湾沙粒中总磷（TP）的含量为137．21～362．09μg／g，其主要成分为无机磷（IP），平均占TP的比例为94．60％；而有机磷（Or—P）的含量为7．88～19．12μg／g，平均占TP的5．40％。在所有不同粒度的沙样中，自生钙结合磷（Ca—P）含量最高，占TP的58．95％～80．05％，其次是原生碎屑磷（De—P）。占TP的8．13％～30．22％，二者占IP的绝大部分；其他各形态磷含量的高低顺序为：有机磷（Or—P）〉吸附态磷（Ads—P）〉铁结合态磷（Fe—P）〉闭蓄态磷（Obs—P）〉铝结合态磷（AI—P）。在所取沙漠颗粒物样中TP、Ca—P、De—P、Or—P、AI—P各自的含量都是随颗粒物粒度的减小而增大，而Ads—P含量则相反；Fe—P、Obs—P的含量受颗粒物粒度变化的影响不大。  相似文献   

松花江冰封期江水和沉积物中汞形态研究     

张丰松  阎百兴  何岩  李宏伟 《湿地科学》2007,5(1):58-63

2005年12月中、下旬对松花江哈达湾至佳木斯江段冰封期江水和沉积物进行了采样与分析。结果表明,江水总汞质量浓度为29.74~136.88 ng/L,均值为50.21 ng/L,以悬浮颗粒态为主(53.38%~85.99%)。沉积物总汞的质量分数介于0.013~1.543 mg/kg之间,与铁、锰和有机碳含量呈显著正相关;运用连续化学浸提法,对哨口至松原江段沉积物汞的形态进行了分析,沉积物汞主要以碱溶态、强有机质结合态和残渣态存在,可交换态和盐酸溶态汞的比例较小,仅占总汞的0.91%~33.7%。研究发现,沉积物再悬浮作用是影响松花江冰封期江水悬浮颗粒态汞及总汞空间分布的主要因子,沉积物汞释放是一个缓慢长期的过程。  相似文献   

Speciation Analysis for Iodine in Groundwater Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hongxia Yang  Wei Liu  Bing Li  Huijuan Zhang  Xiaoduan Liu  Dengyun Chen 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2007,31(4):345-351

Methods based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for iodine speciation analysis are described. Experiments were performed relating to iodine species, preservative medium and time. The concentration and pH of the buffer are also discussed in relation to separation efficiency. The developed methods allowed the fast and sensitive determination of iodine species with detection limits of 0.025 μg l⁻¹ (as 1) for both iodide and iodate with < 5% relative standard deviation (RSD) for 50 nmol l⁻¹. Attempts were made to quantify total organo-iodine by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). By way of example, a number of groundwater samples were analysed by these methods, revealing that iodide is the main iodine species in the sampled waters, but that high concentrations of organo-iodine compounds were observed in some samples as well. In summary, the total concentration and the dominant species of iodine in aquatic freshwater environments is easily and accurately measured using this new method.  相似文献   

Borehole water and hydrologic model around the Nojima fault, SW Japan     

K. Fujimoto  A. Ueda  T. Ohtani  M. Takahashi  H. Ito  H. Tanaka  Anne-Marie Boullier 《Tectonophysics》2007,443(3-4):174

The active fault drilling at Nojima Hirabayashi after the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu (Kobe) earthquake (M_JMA = 7.2) provides us with a unique opportunity to investigate subsurface fault structure and the in-situ properties of fault and fluid. The borehole intersected the fault gouge of the Nojima fault at a depth interval of 623 m to 625 m. The lithology is mostly Cretaceous granodiorite with some porphyry dikes.The fault core is highly permeable due to fracturing. The borehole water was sampled in 1996 and 2000 from the depth interval between 630 and 650 m, just below the fault core. The chemical and isotopic compositions were analyzed. Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of carbonates from the fault core were analyzed to estimate the origin of fluid.The following conclusions were obtained. (1) The ionic and isotopic compositions of borehole water did not change from 1996 to 2000. They are mostly derived from local ground water as mentioned by Sato and Takahashi [Sato, T., Takahashi, M., 2000. Chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater obtained from the Hirabayashi well. Geological Survey of Japan Interim Report No. EQ/00/1, 187–192.]. (2) Geochemical speciation revealed that the borehole water was derived from a relatively deep reservoir, which may be situated at a depth of 3 to 4 km where the temperature is about 80–90 °C. (3) The shallower part of the Nojima fault (shallower than the reservoir depth) has not been healed from the hydrological viewpoints 5 years after the event, in contrast to the rapid healing detected by S wave splitting [Tadokoro, K., Ando, M., 2002. Evidence for rapid fault healing derived from temporal changes in S wave splitting, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/2001GL013644.]. (4) Precipitation of calcite from the present borehole water since drilling supports the idea of precipitation of some calcite in coseismic hydraulic fractures in the fault core [Boullier, A-M., Fujimoto, K., Ohtani, T., Roman-Ross, G., Lewin, E., Ito, H., Pezard, P., Ildefonse, B., 2004. Textural evidence for recent co-seismic circulation of fluids in the Nojima fault zone, Awaji Island, Japan., Tectonophysics, 378, 165–181.]. (5) Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of calcite indicated that the meteoric water flux had been localized at the fault core. (6) A difference in the carbon isotope ratio between the footwall and the hanging wall suggests that the fault has been acted as a hydrologic barrier, although the permeability along the fault is still high.  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砂岩型铀矿样品中分步提取的铀   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

武朝晖  郭冬发  张彦辉  刘汉彬  郭虹  薛丽丽 《铀矿地质》2007,23(6):371-379

本文研究地质样品中铀形态的分析方法及应用技术,以进一步说明铀形态分析在地球化学找矿中的重要作用。该方法参考Tessier流程,将样品中的铀分为可交换离子态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、硫化物及有机物结合态和结晶态,分别提取,提取溶液用高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱仪进行测量。设计的形态提取配方具有良好的可选择性和可重复性,经过国家标准物质、国际形态标准物质和人工模拟样品验证,证明形态提取试剂配方适合所定义的形态分析。通过对实际样品(总量铀为635μg/g)验证表明,碳酸盐结合态铀提取结果的可重复性最好(RSD为2.6%),其次为硫化物及有机物结合态铀(RSD为4.0%)、结晶态铀(RSD为6.0%)和铁锰氧化物结合态铀(RSD为6.1%),可交换离子态铀提取结果的可重复性最差(RSD为26%)。碳酸盐结合态铀与结晶态铀之比,可以用于反映地下铀矿的存在概率。  相似文献   

Partitioning and Speciation of Trace Metal Diagenesis in Differing Depositional Environments in the Sediments of the Oman Margin     

Rengasamy?AlagarsamyEmail author  George?A.?Wolff  Roy?Chester 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2005,11(2):195-213

Organic-rich sediment samples collected from a transect within, and below, the Oman Margin oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) were analysed using a sequential leaching technique to characterise the diagenetic behaviour and speciation of Mn and Fe in operationally defined sediment host fractions. Trace metals showed distinct diagenetic behaviour in the two contrasting environments that were sampled. The absence of non-detrital Mn in the cores below the OMZ site is attributed to the lack of easily reducible oxides in surficial sediments and to the reduction and export of any moderately reducible aged oxides. The reactive form of solid phase Mn showed a classic feature of enrichment in the upper layer of the sediments at the abyssal site, reflecting the presence of an oxidising sedimentary layer which acts as a Mn trap during its recycling. The diagenetic Mn enrichment was inferred from typical downcore colour changes and an upward-increasing Mn content in the upper core sections. An easily reducible Fe oxide layer was observed in the abyssal sediments at an identical depth to the Mn enrichment suggesting that Fe associated with Mn oxides also has undergone sub-oxic diagenesis. However, the association of Fe with organic matter did not indicate diagenetic modification; i.e., the binding strength of the metal with organic materials appears to be sufficiently strong to preserve the trace metal. The speciation signature of non-detrital Fe differed from that of Mn. The association of Fe with organic matter suggests that this metal does not undergo diagenetic modification and is preserved in abyssal sediments. The contrasting behaviour of Mn and Fe observed between cores within the OMZ were particularly interesting. Another interesting observation was that, for cores below the OMZ, the iron oxides were associated with the Mn-oxide peak, rather than deeper in the sediments as observed by earlier studies in the Atlantic [Froelich et al. (1979). Geochim. et Cosmochim Acta 43, 1075–1090].This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the article title.  相似文献   

Temporal Variability of Iron Speciation in Coastal Rainwater     

Joan D. Willey  Robert J. Kieber  Kelly H. Williams  Jamie S. Crozier  Stephen A. Skrabal  G. Brooks Avery Jr. 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,37(2):185-205

Iron occurs in rain as particulateand dissolved Fe and includes both Fe(II) and Fe(III)species. Model calculations and correlation analysisindicate Fe(II)(aq) occurs almost exclusively as thefree ion whereas Fe(III)(aq) occurs as both ironoxalate and Fe(OH)₂ ⁺(aq) with largevariations over the pH range from 4.0 to 5.0. Complexation with humic-like compounds may also beimportant for Fe(III)(aq); however, the concentrationand structural characteristics of these compounds haveyet to be determined. 112 rain samples were collectedfor iron analysis in Wilmington, North Carolina,between 1 July 1997, and 30 June 1999. Total iron,particulate iron and Fe(III)(aq) were higher inconcentration in summer and spring rain relative towinter and autumn rain. Fe(II)(aq) concentrations, incontrast, did not vary seasonally. Particulate iron,which was approximately half the total rainwater iron,was highest between noon and 6 p.m. (EST), probably dueto more intense regional convection including land-seabreezes during that time. The ratio ofFe(II)(aq)/Fe(III)(aq) was also highest in rainreceived between noon and 6 p.m., which most likelyreflects photochemical reduction of Fe(III)(aq)complexes to form Fe(II)(aq). A conceptual modeldepicting the interplay between iron species, lightintensity and organic ligands in rainwater ispresented.  相似文献