GNSS多尺度应变场估计及区域形变检测     

徐克科  伍吉仓 《测绘学报》2016,45(8):992-1000

利用GNSS数据,基于球面小波构建了GNSS多尺度应变场的估计模型,给出了球面小波位置和尺度的选取、模型正则化因子和参数的估计方法。为检验所构建模型的正确性,根据负位错理论正演了震间闭锁断层区域地表速度场作为模拟数据源,估计并分析了闭锁状态下走滑断层区域应变场分布特征,结果与实际吻合。模拟不同空间影响范围的闭锁逆冲断层形变,开展了多尺度应变场检测不同空间尺度形变信息的试验。结果表明,对于50km影响范围的小断层形变信号,在大尺度(第4—7尺度)应变场中并没有体现。而在小尺度(第8尺度)应变场中表现得非常明显。对于150km影响范围的大断层形变,在小尺度(第8尺度)应变场中仅出现了一小部分信息,而在大尺度(第4—7尺度)应变场中表现得更加完整和明显。由此得出,不同空间影响范围的地壳形变信息会在相应尺度的应变场中得以体现;小尺度应变场具有检测局部地壳形变信息的优势。  相似文献   

A statistical analysis of the distribution of cordierite and biotite in hornfels from the Bugaboo contact aureole: implications for the kinetics of porphyroblast crystallization          下载免费PDF全文

A. Petley‐Ragan  F. Gaidies  D.R.M. Pattison 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2016,34(1):85-101

The three‐dimensional disposition of cordierite and biotite crystals in a hornfels from the contact aureole of the Bugaboo Batholith is quantified using high‐resolution X‐ray micro‐computed tomography and global as well as scale‐dependent pattern statistics. The results demonstrate a random distribution of cordierite and biotite crystal sizes for all scales across the entire rock volume studied indicative of interface‐controlled prograde metamorphic reaction kinetics. The reaction considered responsible for the mineral assemblage and the formation of cordierite and biotite in the hornfels is Ms + Chl + Qtz = Crd + And + Bt + . Rock‐specific phase equilibria point to metamorphic conditions of ~520 –550 °C and 3 kbar for this reaction. The common approach to approximate the shape of crystals as spherical underestimates the influence of the Strauss hard‐core process on rock texture and may be misinterpreted to reflect ordering of crystal sizes by inhibition of nucleation and growth commonly associated with diffusion‐controlled reaction kinetics. According to our findings, Strauss hard‐core ordering develops at length scales equal to and less than the average major axis of the crystal population. This is significantly larger than what is obtained if a spherical crystal geometry would be assumed, and increases with deviation from sphericity. For the cordierite and biotite populations investigated in this research, Strauss hard‐core ordering developed at length scales of up to ～2.2 and 1.25 mm, respectively, which is almost 1 mm longer than the scales that would be obtained if a spherical geometry would have been assumed. Our results highlight the importance of a critical assessment of the geometrical model assumptions commonly applied in the three‐dimensional analysis of crystal size distributions, and underline the need for a quantitative understanding of interface processes in order to appreciate their role in the kinetics of contact metamorphic reactions and rock texture formation.  相似文献   

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高尚华 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(2):261-266

????????????????Χ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ??????????Ms7.0?????????о??????????????????λ????????????????????о??仯???仯??4?????????У???????????????????λ???????????????????????????????????40%???????JP2????????????????????????????????“?????”?????????????????????????????λ??????????????????20~30%??  相似文献   

载人潜器耐压球壳参数化设计与稳定性分析     

刘峰  王力丰  韩端锋  姚军 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(1):27-31

载人潜器耐压球壳设计的关键是稳定性分析,在针对CATIA进行了二次开发的基础上,实现了CATIA软件参数化模型与有限元分析软件ABAQUS之间的通信,采用ABAQUS中的python语言编程实现了对变参数模型的自动分网,采用惯性释放进行了边界设置,在研究了基于弧长法的稳定性求解方法的基础上,选取MT-1模型进行了稳定性求解方法的有效性验证,最后将参数化设计及稳定性求解方法应用到实际设计中,提高了耐压球壳设计效率。  相似文献   

车载移动测图系统外方位元素标定方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

石丽梅  赵红蕊  李明海  付罡  李聪 《测绘学报》2015,44(1):52-58

全景相机因其360°大视场、旋转不变性等优点,逐渐被用于构建车载移动测图系统。标定是保证系统获取精确地理信息数据的重要前提。本文针对全景相机和定位定姿系统(POS)集成的车载移动测图系统,提出一种外方位元素标定的方法。首先,在实际场景中布设高精度已知控制点。其次,构建全景球面模型,将全景影像通过球面投影反变换投影到该球面上,从球面上选择控制点而不是直接从存在扭曲的全景影像上选择控制点并得到其球面坐标。在建立点的相关性之后,结合地理参考绝对定位方程和坐标变换,求得全景相机相对POS的平移与旋转参数。最后,采用本文提出的标定方法,分别选择北京航天城和天津滨海新区进行试验。试验表明,GPS信号良好时,点的绝对定位中误差可达平面10.3cm、高程16.5cm;GPS信号不好时,点的绝对定位中误差为平面35.4cm、高程54.8cm;在较短距离范围内(3km),距离量测相对误差最大为5cm左右,GPS信号对相对量测没有明显影响。  相似文献   

多源重力数据球冠谐模型抗差融合法     

王燚  姜效典  李德勇 《测绘学报》2015,44(9):952-957

提出了一种基于球冠谐模型的抗差岭估计数据融合算法,并通过数值计算对算法的有效性进行验证。结果表明融合后的球冠谐模型不仅能够抵抗系数阵的病态性,而且能够有效地消除观测粗差的影响。最后就观测噪声大小对融合结果的影响进行了探讨。  相似文献   

中国大陆GPS速度场的球面小波模型及多尺度特征分析     

程鹏飞  文汉江  孙罗庆  成英燕  张鹏  秘金钟  王华 《测绘学报》2015,44(10):1063-1070

利用1999—2009年间中国大陆共1068个GPS站点在东方向、北方向的速度值,采用DOG球面小波多尺度分析方法,建立了中国大陆东方向、北方向多尺度速度场。球面小波模型的尺度主要根据观测站点的密度来确定,利用检核点上的已知速度与模型速度之间的均方差来评定模型的精度。利用球面小波模型可以更加清晰地表示速度场的大尺度特征和复杂的局部变化特征。站点稠密区域,模型在东方向、北方向上的精度分别为±0.95mm/a、±0.97mm/a,稀疏区域对应的精度分别为±1.32mm/a和±1.30mm/a。  相似文献   

Use of Spherical Trigonometry to Compute Near-Well Flow through Irregular Grid Block Boundaries     

J.D. Jansen 《Computational Geosciences》2002,6(2):195-206

This paper concerns the computation of near-well flow in numerical reservoir simulation with unstructured grids. In particular, it uses spherical trigonometry to derive analytical expressions for the flow towards a well modeled as either a number of point sources or a constant-flux line source. The expression for the point source representation is based on projections of the grid block boundaries on spheres with unit radius around the sources. The expression for the line source is based on projection on a prolate spheroid. The computation of the surface area is done through transformation to prolate spheroidal coordinates and subsequent projection on a sphere at infinity. The point source expression for a single source is exact for grid block boundaries with straight edges; the line source expression is an approximation. Both representations are fully volume conserving, such that the sum of the fluxes through the grid block boundaries surrounding a source adds up exactly to the total source flow rate. Both representations can be used to accurately model complicated wells in the form of segments. The point source representation is simpler to implement and not necessarily less accurate than the line source representation.  相似文献   

Sampling‐surface orientation and clast macrofabric in periglacial colluvium     

Susan&#x;W. S. Millar  Frederick E. Nelson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(5):523-529

To isolate the influence of sampling‐surface orientation on the macrofabric of periglacial colluvial deposits, clast orientation measurements were obtained from seven paired horizontal and vertical exposures in turf‐banked solifluction lobes on Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range. Most samples form moderately strong, upslope‐plunging clusters aligned with the local slope orientation. Fabrics obtained from vertical faces were stronger than those from horizontal exposures in six of the pairs. Near‐horizontal sampling surfaces yield less biased results than vertical exposures, owing to operator perceptions, procedural difficulties, and the relative thinness of the layer affected by colluvial processes. Sampling procedures must be standardized before comparative studies of colluvium can yield reliable results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

青藏高原山地系统动力学模型研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

毕思文 《山地学报》2001,19(3):193-200

以地球系统科学为研究思路。研究了青藏高原山地系统各圈层相互作用的统一构造动力模型、力学模型和数值模拟等。关于青藏高原山地系统动力学特征。主要研究高原山地系统现今构造应力场演化特征和高原山地系统统一构造动力模型。认为均起源于喜马拉雅运动期印度一欧亚板块碰撞引发的统一的板块汇聚动力体系和各圈层与之相应的一系列运动学和动力学过程。关于青藏高原山地各圈层力学系统描述，主要把山地各圈层块体质点作为一个力学系统来描述。求解速度向量、位移向量、密度场、温度场、应力张量等物理量和状态空间。最后求解运动方程。关于青藏高原山地系统的非稳定性问题。将给定的载荷历史分成许多小的增量步。对每一个增量步求解一个非线性边值问题。使用失稳量准则判断山地系统的稳定性。关于青藏高原山地各圈层多体系统力学描述。青藏高原是由多圈层多块体不同物质结构组成的。皆可用若干塑性、流变体、流体和弹性组成的系统模型予以有效地描述。主要研究内容有：高原山地系统碰撞隆升的分类和现象、山地主动碰撞构造体特性和山地被动碰撞体(靶体)特性等力学模型。文中初步分析和推断了演变的历史与现状。探讨了青藏高原隆升的动力学过程。  相似文献