Sampling‐surface orientation and clast macrofabric in periglacial colluvium     

Susan&#x;W. S. Millar  Frederick E. Nelson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(5):523-529

To isolate the influence of sampling‐surface orientation on the macrofabric of periglacial colluvial deposits, clast orientation measurements were obtained from seven paired horizontal and vertical exposures in turf‐banked solifluction lobes on Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range. Most samples form moderately strong, upslope‐plunging clusters aligned with the local slope orientation. Fabrics obtained from vertical faces were stronger than those from horizontal exposures in six of the pairs. Near‐horizontal sampling surfaces yield less biased results than vertical exposures, owing to operator perceptions, procedural difficulties, and the relative thinness of the layer affected by colluvial processes. Sampling procedures must be standardized before comparative studies of colluvium can yield reliable results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

青藏高原山地系统动力学模型研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

毕思文 《山地学报》2001,19(3):193-200

以地球系统科学为研究思路。研究了青藏高原山地系统各圈层相互作用的统一构造动力模型、力学模型和数值模拟等。关于青藏高原山地系统动力学特征。主要研究高原山地系统现今构造应力场演化特征和高原山地系统统一构造动力模型。认为均起源于喜马拉雅运动期印度一欧亚板块碰撞引发的统一的板块汇聚动力体系和各圈层与之相应的一系列运动学和动力学过程。关于青藏高原山地各圈层力学系统描述，主要把山地各圈层块体质点作为一个力学系统来描述。求解速度向量、位移向量、密度场、温度场、应力张量等物理量和状态空间。最后求解运动方程。关于青藏高原山地系统的非稳定性问题。将给定的载荷历史分成许多小的增量步。对每一个增量步求解一个非线性边值问题。使用失稳量准则判断山地系统的稳定性。关于青藏高原山地各圈层多体系统力学描述。青藏高原是由多圈层多块体不同物质结构组成的。皆可用若干塑性、流变体、流体和弹性组成的系统模型予以有效地描述。主要研究内容有：高原山地系统碰撞隆升的分类和现象、山地主动碰撞构造体特性和山地被动碰撞体(靶体)特性等力学模型。文中初步分析和推断了演变的历史与现状。探讨了青藏高原隆升的动力学过程。  相似文献   

An interpretation of the Nusselt-Rayleigh number relationship for convection in a spherical shell     

Yasuyuki Iwase  Satoru Honda 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(3):801-804

Recent studies on the relationship between the Nusselt ( Nu ) and Rayleigh ( Ra ) numbers for base-heated convection in a spherical shell with a constant viscosity show that the power-law index is around 1/4, which is different from the value of 1/3 predicted by a simple boundary layer theory. We show that such a difference may be caused by the flow pattern due to the geometry. The flow pattern of the convection in a spherical shell at relatively low Ra , at least, less than 10⁶, is characterized by narrow upwelling and broad downwelling, which is similar to the opposite flow pattern of internally heated convection. Convection in the internally heated case predicts the power-law index of 1/4. We demonstrate this relationship based on the concept of 'local' Rayleigh ( Ra1 ) and Nusselt ( Nu1 ) numbers  相似文献   

中国近海海面地形及形成机制研究     

赵明才  吴太旗  翟国君  黄谟涛 《海洋测绘》2006,26(3):1-6

用几何水准法、水文法、重力—卫星测高法三种不同方法求得了中国近海海面地形,给出了中国近海海面地形数学模型和中国近海海面地形图,探讨了中国近海海面地形形成机制,包括海洋水文因素、大气压力影响,以及太平洋北赤道流的影响。  相似文献   

重力梯度张量计算重力场元     

赵德军  袁可佳 《海洋测绘》2005,25(6):12-14

根据体谐函数一阶、二阶水平导数（广义球函数）也是球面正交函数系的性质,详细推导了水平重力梯度边值问题的级数解.根据扰动位与重力场元的微分关系,导出了由水平重力梯度计算重力异常、垂线偏差的公式.完善了全张量重力梯度的有关应用.  相似文献   

空间编码QuaPA方法的改进与实验     

吴立新  殷倩  蔡振锋  车德福 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(2):8-11

空间编码是GIS与全球空间数据组织与共享的重要基础。针对QuaPA编码方法进行三维与全球空间编码时存在数据冗余和象限二义性问题,采用双Morton编码和象限标识后置方式进行改进,提出QuaPA 方法。介绍QuaPA 编码步骤及其反演原理,并以中国及邻区地表及地下10 km2、0 km以浅的三维球壳空间网格划分为例,分别进行了球壳网格的QuaPA和QuaPA 编码实验。实验表明,QuaPA 编码解决了象限二义性问题,缩短了编码长度,节省了存储空间。  相似文献   

用模糊综合评判法优选大射电望远镜候选台址     

刘宏  宋建波  左双英  彭勃  南仁东 《地质灾害与环境保护》2007,18(1):88-92

贵州大射电望远镜候选台址优选,需综合考虑喀斯特洼地几何条件、工程条件、地质条件、气象条件和无线电环境等因素.因上述各因素具复杂性、模糊性和难量化性等特点,本文采用模糊综合评判法进行大射电望远镜候选台址优选.经研究,大射电望远镜候选台址优评价指标可取"长短轴比、最小挖填方率、最适宜口径、洼地闭合情况、岩体结构、地质灾害、洼底水文条件、交通状况"等8个参数,综合评判结果集为"好、较好、一般、差".采用专家评定法和降半梯形分布相结合的隶属度评价模型,共选出38个大射电望远镜候选台址.它们集中分布于三大区域内:一是以平塘、紫云、惠水、罗甸、荔波为中心区域;二是以普定、安顺、镇宁为中心区域;三是以安龙、兴义和关岭为中心区域.  相似文献   

Method for correction of the prestack migration amplitude of converted waves     

Andrzej Kostecki  Anna Półchłopek 《Acta Geophysica》2006,54(2):113-125

The paper presents a method for correction of amplitude of prestack migration using the reflectivity function. The solution of wave equations for heterogeneous media expressed in the form of Neumann series for converted waves was used to find the reflectivity function. The performance of the proposed method was verified using synthetic models of wavefields. The synthetic models of wavefields were also used to compare amplitude correction levels required by the presented method and the standard amplitude correction methods, i.e., the methods using the spherical divergence and extention factor.  相似文献   

球面栅格空间中的Jordan曲线性质及其拓扑矛盾分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

侯妙乐  赵学胜  陈军 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2006,31(2):148-151

定义了球面栅格空间的拓扑元素，给出球面栅格空间中邻近、连通和空间目标的内部、边界和外部等空间目标的拓扑定义及形式化描述，讨论了Jordan曲线在球面栅格空间中的性质及由此引起的拓扑矛盾。  相似文献   

Green's function solution to spherical gradiometric boundary-value problems   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Z. Martinec 《Journal of Geodesy》2003,77(1-2):41-49

 Three independent gradiometric boundary-value problems (BVPs) with three types of gradiometric data, {Γ _rr }, {Γ _{r θ},Γ _{r λ}} and {Γ_θθ−Γ_λλ,Γ_θλ}, prescribed on a sphere are solved to determine the gravitational potential on and outside the sphere. The existence and uniqueness conditions on the solutions are formulated showing that the zero- and the first-degree spherical harmonics are to be removed from {Γ _{r θ},Γ _{r λ}} and {Γ_θθ−Γ_λλ,Γ_θλ}, respectively. The solutions to the gradiometric BVPs are presented in terms of Green's functions, which are expressed in both spectral and closed spatial forms. The logarithmic singularity of the Green's function at the point ψ=0 is investigated for the component Γ _rr . The other two Green's functions are finite at this point. Comparisons to the paper by van Gelderen and Rummel [Journal of Geodesy (2001) 75: 1–11] show that the presented solution refines the former solution. Received: 3 October 2001 / Accepted: 4 October 2002  相似文献