The use of bioluminescent dinoflagellates as an environmental risk assessment tool     

Lapota D  Osorio AR  Liao C  Bjorndal B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(12):1857-1867

A novel toxicity method to determine sublethal and lethal effects of manmade contaminants on the bioluminescence output from marine dinoflagellates has been developed and tested over the course of 16 years. The toxicity system, QwikLite™, was developed for the sole purpose of evaluating the potential toxicity of various materials used in bay sediments, storm water discharges, industrial discharges from Naval facilities, and antifoulant paints. Bioluminescence inhibition was observed in the following dinoflagellates: Lingulodinium polyedrum (formerly known as Gonyaulax polyedra), Ceratocorys horrida, Pyrocystis noctiluca, Pyrocystis lunula, Pyrocystis fusiformis, and Pyrophacus steinii. Cultured cells were exposed to various concentrations of contaminants from hours through 10 days. Further application with bioluminescent dinoflagellates in a variety of toxicity testing schemes have shown that these species can be used as a screening assay organism in lieu of the more costly, labor intensive bioassays presently in use.  相似文献   

Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands     

Shokoufeh Salimi  Suhad A.A.A.N. Almuktar  Miklas Scholz 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2010

Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.  相似文献   

碱性体系-蒸汽发生-原子荧光光谱法测定地质样品中的锌     

朱园园  宋虎跃  邱海鸥  汤志勇 《岩矿测试》2010,29(6):695-698

样品经硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸溶解后,用标准加入-原子吸收光谱法测定钢渣中的铁。实验探讨了钢渣的均匀性等干扰因素对结果的影响,并提出基体高、浓度高的样品稀释倍数过高误差越大,建议采用如旋转燃烧头、选择次灵敏线等降低仪器灵敏度的方法或采用标准加入法。并将标准加入法与X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、原子吸收光谱直接测定法进行比较,铁的实验结果分别为51.6%、54.2%、46.2%、16.6%,相对标准偏差分别为2.8%、5.3%、2.0%、2.3%。标准加入-原子吸收光谱法用于测定基体高、浓度高的样品是准确可靠的。方法可用于环境类实验室用水剂标准溶液进行钢渣类样品中元素的分析。  相似文献