印度尼西亚北苏拉威西红树林生态系统碳库研究     

陈顺洋  陈彬  SASTROSUWONDO Pramudji  DHARMAWAN I Wayan Ek  欧丹云  尹希杰  俞炜炜  陈光程 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(12):85-91

近年来的研究指出红树林在海岸带碳固定和碳储存方面发挥着重要的作用。尽管印度尼西亚的红树林面积在全球占很大的比重,对于该地区红树林的有机碳储量和土壤有机碳来源的认识仍有限。本研究调查了印度尼西亚北苏拉威西海洋型的Wori红树林中生态系统有机碳储量及其空间分布特征,以及土壤有机碳的来源,以期加深该地区红树林“蓝碳”功能的认识。研究结果显示,Wori红树林0-50cm深度土壤中有机碳储量为15.4 kg/m²,占生态系统碳储量的主要部分（65%）。红树植物生物量和生态系统碳储量分别为8.3 kg/m²和23.7 kg/m²。土壤有机碳储量在不同离岸距离的采样站位中未表现出显著的空间分布差异,而生物量碳储量则在外滩最高。¹³C稳定同位素分析结果表明红树林土壤中蓄积的有机碳主要来源于红树林有机质,而潮水中的悬浮有机质和红树林外缘的海草并不构成红树林土壤有机碳的重要来源,它们的贡献者都低于20%。研究结果进一步证实了热带地区海洋型红树林湿地在碳储存以及红树植物对碳固定方面的重要性。  相似文献   

Population abundance and seasonal migration patterns indicated by commercial catch-per-unit-effort of hakes (Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus) in the northern Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem     

JN Kathena  D Yemane  N Bahamon  T Jansen 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):197-209

We developed generalised additive models (GAMs) to estimate standardised time-series of population abundance indices for assessment purposes and to infer ecological and behavioural information on northern Benguela hakes, Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus, using haul-by-haul commercial trawl catch-rate data as proxies for hake densities. The modelling indicated that individual ship identifiers should be used rather than general vessel characteristics, such as vessel size. The final models explained 79% and 68% of the variability in the commercial catch rates of M. capensis and M. paradoxus, respectively. The spatial density patterns were consistent and confirmed existing knowledge about these species in the northern Benguela system. Furthermore, seasonal migration patterns were described for the first time and were found to correspond to the known spawning areas and seasons for M. capensis and M. paradoxus. Spatial density patterns were validated using the geostatistical modelling results of fisheries-independent trawl survey data. Improved understanding of the relationships between fleet dynamics and fish movement can be achieved by taking into consideration the present catch-rate model and spatial and seasonal distribution maps. We conclude that the yearly standardised CPUE time-series are problematic as proxies for total stock abundance because of spatial coverage issues. Consequently, such CPUE data should not be used for stock-size assessments and fisheries advice concerning northern Benguela hakes until this is solved. We generally recommend the exclusion of standardised CPUE time-series from stock assessments when important and changing parts of the stock distribution cannot be targeted by the fishery, such as due to closed areas or seasons.  相似文献   

基于部件可靠度和多阶段动态库存的备件管理决策     

邹律龙  侯东亮 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(6):68-71

基于部件可靠度和多阶段动态库存理论,分析了备件需求与库存管理。提出了基于部件可靠度的动态需求模型;以部件的寿命服从指数分布为例,结合实际生产中备件的使用情况,通过确定备件储备的时间点,动态确定各周期备件的需求量。在确定备件动态需求量的基础上,采用多阶段动态库存理论确定了订货次数和每次订货数量,使库存量更符合实际和趋于合理。通过算例分析,给出了最小库存费用,表明基于部件可靠度和多阶段动态库存的备件管理具有一定的实际意义。  相似文献   

罗非鱼4个选育群体遗传结构SSR分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋家金  李瑞伟  叶富良 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(4)

采用SSR分子标记分析了吉富品系罗非鱼的两个家系(GF1和GF2)以及奥利亚罗非鱼(Fo)和奥本尼罗罗非鱼(Fn)群体的遗传结构。结果显示,扩增后等位基因数为3～8个,随引物不同而异,14对引物共扩增60个等位基因,扩增片断大小在102～267 bp之间。微卫星分析表明,奥本尼罗罗非鱼(Fn)的平均观测杂合度(0.764 3)和平均期望杂合度(0.519 6)均最高,吉富尼罗罗非鱼(GF1)平均多态信息含量(0.419 5)最高;吉富尼罗罗非鱼(GF2)平均观测杂合度(0.614 2),奥利亚罗非鱼(Fo)的平均期望观测度(0.446 6)、平均多态信息含量(0.359 2)最低;因此,吉富鱼(GF1)的遗传多样性最高,奥利亚的遗传多样性最低。Hardy-Weinberg平衡遗传偏离指数(D)奥利亚(Fo)和尼罗(Fn)(0.463 4和0.478 9)明显高于吉富的两家系(0.234 1和0.250 0)。Fo与GF2间遗传距离(0.477 0)最大;而GF1和GF2间的遗传距离(0.302 7)最小,遗传相似系数(0.607 3)最大,可推断新一代吉富罗非鱼与本地选育群体有相对较远的亲缘关系,更具杂种优势。  相似文献   

吐哈盆地南缘彩霞山东石英闪长岩岩株锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

任燕  郭宏  涂其军  冯新昌  李少贞  李嵩龄 《地质通报》2006,25(8):941-944

彩霞山东石英闪长岩岩株的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为267.8Ma±1.6Ma,结合克孜尔塔格岩体的同位素年龄综合分析,此年龄值介于王瑜等所研究剪切作用控制的克孜尔塔格岩体右行剪切年龄276～254Ma之间,表明该石英闪长岩岩株的侵位年龄比克孜尔塔格复式岩体晚,为中二叠世早期.  相似文献   

Sustainable development and mine management     

Carmine Nappi  Richard Poulin 《Natural Resources Research》1998,7(4):263-269

The sustainable development concept has generated a large body of literature. It has also divided economists into numerous schools of thought. The neoclassical, London, and other schools are painted in broad strokes in the first part of this paper. They debate the extent to which manufactured capital and “natural” capital are believed to be substitutes or complements in a macroeconomics context. The problem stems from the difficulty to measure “natural” capital. The second part of the paper looks at sustainable development in mining at the firm level. First, it is argued that the capital value of the mineral reserves can be maintained by discovering reserves or by saving part of the rent. Second, we show that mine manager actions can be induced to follow efficiency and equity principles when proper limits or constraints are imposed by the legislator. It is concluded that a set of indicators need to be defined and calibrated to ensure that the economic, environmental, and social limits imposed on the mine manager become a framework inside which he competes for the best interest of the firm.  相似文献   

缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)规模增殖放流对三沙湾滩涂底质环境改良的效果     

江兴龙  林国清  廖碧钗  郑伟刚  黄健  邓来富  尼逸伦 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1524-1530

于2013-2014 年在三沙湾选择增殖放流区Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区, 开展了2 批次的缢蛏增殖放流, 计 放流缢蛏苗数量约3747 万粒。采用对缢蛏生长、生物量动态变化和滩涂底质主要因子跟踪监测的方 法, 开展对缢蛏增殖放流效果的评估。研究结果, 2 个增殖放流区的缢蛏密度和缢蛏生物量都比对照 区有极显著提高, 共收获65 吨缢蛏大规格苗, 增殖放流产出比为1: 8.0-9.0, 获得了一定的资源增 殖效果和经济效益。放流期间, 滩涂底泥中的氧化还原电位、硫化物和有机碳等浓度在增殖区Ⅰ区、 Ⅱ区和对照区之间都无显著差异(P>0.05), 但, 底泥中Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区的氧化还原电位平均值分别比对照 区提高了26%和18%, 硫化物浓度平均值分别比对照区降低了45%和34%, 有机碳浓度平均值分别 比对照区下降了5.8%和6.8%, 表明, 缢蛏增殖放流获得了一定的改良底质环境效果。  相似文献   

A review of the assessments of the major fisheries resources in South Africa     

CL de Moor  SJ Johnston  A Brandão  RA Rademeyer  JP Glazer  LB Furman 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(3):285-311

The waters off South Africa's coastline boast a rich mix of commercially fished species. Quantitative assessments of these marine resources have developed from simple methods first applied in the 1970s, to models that encompass a wide range of methodologies. The more valuable resources have undergone regular assessments in recent decades, with frequencies closely related to the management approach employed for each fishery. Many of these assessments form the operating models used to simulation-test candidate management procedures. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the assessments of 11 of the most important fisheries resources in South Africa. Some assessments use simple biomass dynamics models, whereas others are a hybrid of age- and length-based models, each designed to model the specific characteristics of the resource and fishery concerned. Many of the assessments have been disaggregated by species/stock and/or area as related multispecies/stock/ distribution hypotheses have arisen. This paper explores the similarities and differences in the data available and the methods applied. The review indicates that, whereas the status of three of these resources cannot be estimated reliably at present, the status of six resources is considered to be reasonable to good, whereas that of abalone Haliotis midae and West Coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii remains poor.  相似文献   

The effects of stock size and environmental variability on Cape hake recruitment in Namibia: an unsolved puzzle (a comment on Kainge et al. 2013)     

J-P Roux  MR Wilhelm 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(3):431-433

Measuring and forecasting recruitment are central to the understanding and management of fish stocks. Kainge et al. (2013) studied the effect of spawning stock size and environmental fluctuations on the recruitment levels of the Cape hake Merluccius capensis in Namibia. However, their study contains some flaws that undermine the conclusion that Cape hake recruitment is under the influence of upwelling in summer. Until those flaws are properly addressed, this conclusion, in our view, should be treated with caution.  相似文献   

Analysis of genetic diversity and differentiation of seven stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei using microsatellite markers     

Kai Zhang  Weiji Wang  Weiya Li  Quanqi Zhang  Jie Kong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(4):647-656

Seven microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and differentiation of seven stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei, which were introduced from Central and South America to China. All seven microsatellite loci were polymorphic, with polymorphism information content(PIC) values ranging from 0.593 to 0.952. Totally 92 alleles were identified, and the number of alleles(Na) and effective alleles(Ne) varied between 4 and 21 and 2.7 and 14.6, respectively. Observed heterozygosity(Ho) values were lower than the expected heterozygosity(He) values(0.526–0.754), which indicated that the seven stocks possessed a rich genetic diversity. Thirty-seven tests were detected for reasonable significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Fis values were positive at five loci, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding within stocks. Pairwise Fst values ranged from 0.0225 to 0.151, and most of the stock pairs were moderately differentiated. Genetic distance and cluster analysis using UPGMA revealed a close genetic relationship of L. vannamei between Pop2 and Pop3. AMOVA indicated that the genetic variation among stocks(11.3%) was much lower than that within stocks(88.7%). Although the seven stocks had a certain degree of genetic differentiation and a rich genetic diversity, there is an increasing risk of decreased performance due to inbreeding in subsequent generations.  相似文献