Water balance of the Salado–Juramento river basin (Argentina)     

Venturini Virginia  Carlos Krepper 《水文研究》2013,27(26):3825-3832

A lumped water balance model was used to derive a monthly water storage series in the Salado–Juramento southern basin, for the period 1954–1986. The evapotranspiration term was estimated using the Bouchet's complementary relationship. Different evapotranspiration formulas following the concepts of potential evapotranspiration and wet environmental evapotranspiration were used. The regional average groundwater levels and the specific yield were used to tune Bouchet's equation. The extrapolation of the water storage series to a secular period (1901–2002) was achieved using a synthetic annual discharge series. The water storage was deficient for most of the century, i.e. more than 60 years; nevertheless in the last 30 years, the system recovers half of the water previously lost. The singular spectral analysis showed that a significant low‐frequency signal is present in the water storage and precipitation series. The main cause of water storage variability would be given by precipitation, in spite of the vast anthropogenic changes on the basin. Anthropogenic effects would be reflected in the river discharges, where no significant signal is detected before 1970; however, an annual signal is insinuated after that year. The conclusions of this work could be different if we only looked at the 1954–1986 period. The results of that period suggest that the basin is primarily accumulating water instead of being mainly in deficit. Thus, here we demonstrated the importance of the secular analysis to illustrate the complete basin behaviour. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The effect of transient storage on nitrate uptake lengths in streams: an inter‐site comparison     

Laura K. Lautz  Donald I. Siegel 《水文研究》2007,21(26):3533-3548

Surface water–groundwater interaction in the hyporheic zone may enhance biogeochemical cycling in streams, and it has been hypothesized that streams exchanging more water with the hyporheic zone should have more rapid nitrate utilization. We used simultaneous conservative solute and nitrate addition tracer tests to measure transient storage (which includes hyporheic exchange and in‐stream storage) and the rate of nitrate uptake along three reaches within the Red Canyon Creek watershed, Wyoming. We calibrated a one‐dimensional transport model, incorporating transient storage (OTIS‐P), to the conservative solute breakthrough curves and used the results to determine the degree of transient storage in each reach. The nitrate uptake length was quantified from the exponential decrease in nitrate concentration with distance during the tracer tests. Nitrate uptake along the most downstream reach of Red Canyon Creek was rapid (turnover time K^?1_c = 32 min), compared with nitrate uptake reported in other studies (K^?1_c = 12 to 551 min), but other sites within the watershed showed little nitrate retention or loss. The uptake length S_w‐NO^?₃ for the most downstream reach was 500 m and the mass transfer coefficient V_f‐NO^?₃ was 6·3 m min^?1. Results from 15 other nitrate‐addition tracer tests were used to create a regression model relating transient storage and measures of stream flow to nitrate uptake length. The model, which includes specific discharge and transient storage area, explains almost half the variability in nitrate uptake length (adjusted R² = 0·44) and is most effective for comparing sites with very different stream characteristics. Although large differences in specific discharge and storage zone area explain inter‐site differences in nitrate uptake, other unmeasured variables, such as available organic carbon and microbial community composition, are likely important for predicting differences in nitrate uptake between sites with similar specific discharge rates and storage zone areas, such as when making intra‐site comparisons. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Multivariate statistical analysis of underground gas storage caverns on groundwater chemistry in Korea     

Jeonghoon Lee  Kyung‐Seok Ko  Jun‐Mo Kim  Ho‐Wan Chang 《水文研究》2008,22(17):3410-3417

An understanding of groundwater flow and chemistry is important to operate underground storage caverns. Groundwater flow is mainly affected by cavern operating conditions. Groundwater chemistry is modified by disinfection activities for removing possible biological clogging and by mixing with cement pore water. It is important to discern these two effects, because wells affected by the disinfection activities may have hydrological connections with water curtains used to inject the disinfectant. However, it is difficult to separate these two effects using graphical methods because of their similar chemical characteristics. Instead, multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), can be used. Groundwater samples for chemical analysis were obtained from four surveys in 1999–2000. Based on the results from PCA and FA, it appears that there were temporal variations of seepage water into the propane area when the cavern operation fluctuated, but we could not observe such variation in the butane area. These changes may occur mainly at depth, where water flow is slow and water renewal in the cavern surrounding is limited. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Mechanisms and pathways of lateral flow on aspen‐forested,Luvisolic soils,Western Boreal Plains,Alberta, Canada     

Todd Redding  Kevin Devito 《水文研究》2010,24(21):2995-3010

Rainfall simulation experiments by Redding and Devito ( 2008 , Hydrological Processes 23: 4287–4300) on two adjacent plots of contrasting antecedent soil moisture storage on an aspen‐forested hillslope on the Boreal Plain showed that lateral flow generation occurred only once large soil storage capacity was saturated combined with a minimum event precipitation of 15–20 mm. This paper extends the results of Redding and Devito ( 2008 , Hydrological Processes 23: 4287–4300) with detailed analysis of pore pressure, soil moisture and tracer data from the rainfall simulation experiments, which is used to identify lateral flow generation mechanisms and flow pathways. Lateral flow was not generated until soils were wet into the fine textured C horizon. Lateral flow occurred dominantly through the clay‐rich Bt horizon by way of root channels. Lateral flow during the largest event was dominated by event water, and precipitation intensity was critical in lateral flow generation. Lateral flow was initiated as preferential flow near the soil surface into root channels, followed by development of a perched water table at depth, which also interacted with preferential flow pathways to move water laterally by the transmissivity feedback mechanism. The results indicate that lateral flow generated by rainfall on these hillslopes is uncommon because of the generally high available soil moisture storage capacity and the low probability of rainfall events of sufficient magnitude and intensity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

对阿尔金断裂科学问题的再认识   总被引：28，自引：2，他引：28       下载免费PDF全文

葛肖虹  刘永江  任收麦  叶慧文  刘俊来  潘宏勋 《地质科学》2001,36(3):319-325

据近年内阿尔金断裂研究的进展阐述了应深入解决的4个科学问题及其研究思路:1)阿尔金大型走滑断裂何时发生?变形年代学研究证明阿尔金断裂初始走滑的年龄在89～97 Ma,即从晚中生代-早新生代才开始出现;2)运动学研究包括隆升与走滑两个方面,需要进行大比例尺度的构造研究和变形组构研究,尤其是断裂两盘错距的确定,必须找准被断裂错移的同一构造-岩相带的界线;3)阿尔金断裂的划分意义,它的延伸和规模及对中国西部以及中亚大陆构造格架的影响;4)阿尔金断裂对两侧盆地沉积-构造演化的控制和影响.解决上述4个科学问题,对于重新认识中国西部大陆构造格架、中国西部成矿带的展布及对中国西部找油的战略评估都具有非常重要的意义.  相似文献   

一种实用的等值线型数据网格化方法   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

郭志宏 《物探与化探》2001,25(3):203-208

数据网格化通常包括三大类:测线型数据网格化、等值线型数据网格化和离散点型数据网格化。文中研究的等值线型数据分块存储、网格点八方位搜索插值的网格化方法较好地解决了平面等值线型数字化数据的网格化计算问题,其计算数据量大,实用性强,精度高,计算速度快。  相似文献   

鸭绿江成矿带沙窝沟金矿地质特征及成因     

皮玉明  王建华 《黄金地质》2001,7(3):26-29

沙窝沟金矿产于鸭绿江成矿带NE段 ,石柱子花岗闪长岩与辽河群盖县组地层接触带 ,周家屯—万宝NW向断裂带的西侧。区内已发现的数十条含金脉体严格受近EW、NE、NW向 3组断裂控制 ,在断裂交汇处脉体变宽 ,厚度变大 ,平面上呈串珠状分布 ,总体走向 310～ 34 0° ;所圈出的工业矿体呈板状、透镜状产出 ,具有分支复合现象。S、H、O同位素及稀土元素特征表明 ,成矿物质来源与石柱子花岗闪长岩密切相关 ,成矿热液以岩浆水为主。流体包裹体测试结果表明 ,成矿属中—高温、中偏低压 (成矿深度 4 30～ 4 38km)、弱还原的成矿环境 ,矿床属岩浆热液成因类型  相似文献   

紫金山铜金矿床地质地球化学特征   总被引：20，自引：5，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

张江 《地质与勘探》2001,37(2):17-22

紫金山铜金矿床具有“上金下铜”的垂直分带特征，近矿围岩存在一套中低温热液蚀变，金矿与强硅化关系密切，铜矿与硅化一明矾石化关系密切，下部伴生金的铜矿床属岩浆期后中低温高硫热液型矿床，上部金矿床属岩浆期后中低温－低温高硫热液－氧化次生富集叠加型矿床。  相似文献   

GCF系列冲击反循环工程钻机的研制          下载免费PDF全文

宋金亭姜光忍  石清荣 《探矿工程》2001,(5):29-29,31

介绍了GCF系列冲击反循环工程钻机的研制概况以及主要技术参数、性能特点、生产试验情况等。  相似文献   

Current Trends and Demands in Visualization in the Geosciences   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gordon Erlebacher  David A. Yuen  Fabien Dubuffet 《Visual Geosciences》2001,6(3):1-59

Geosciences, along with many other disciplines in science and engineering, faces an exponential increase in the amount of data generated from observation, experiment and large-scale, high-resolution 3-D numerical simulations. In this communication we describe the fundamentals of visualization necessary to meet these challenges. We present several alternative methodologies such as 2D/3D feature extraction, segmentation methods, and flow topology, to help better understand the physical structure of the data. We use AMIRA from TGS to demonstrate our concepts. Examples are drawn from fields in computational fluid dynamics, 3-D mantle convection and seismic tomography. Finally, we present our perspective on the future of visualization.  相似文献