具有地形坡折带的坳陷湖盆层序地层模拟   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

胡宗全  朱筱敏 《沉积学报》2002,20(2):217-221

层序地层学研究已在陆相湖盆中取得良好的应用效果，在陆相湖盆的地层对比、沉积体系空间分布预测中发挥重要作用。坳陷湖盆在基底受压变形过程中，常在盆缘形成地形坡折带，以坡折为界，基底的沉降速率和原始地形坡度等控制层序发育的重要因素在其两侧均存在显著的差异，这在很大程度上控制了层序的发育模式和沉积体系的空间配置关系。通过对基底沉降速率、湖平面变化速率、沉积物充填速率、沉积物充填准则、岩相确定原则等数学模 型的建立，模拟了具有地形坡折带的坳陷湖盆的层序发育和相演化过程。实际资料与模拟结果的对比分析表明，模拟具有很好的效果。  相似文献   

Pseudodynamic tests on rubber base isolators with numerical substructuring of the superstructure and strain‐rate effect compensation     

F. J. Molina  G. Verzeletti  G. Magonette  Ph. Buchet  V. Renda  M. Geradin  A. Parducci  M. Mezzi  A. Pacchiarotti  L. Federici  S. Mascelloni 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(8):1563-1582

A pseudodynamic testing procedure has been applied by which the seismic response of a base‐isolated building is obtained by using as specimen the isolators, while the superstructure is numerically simulated. The procedure also takes advantage of the continuous pseudodynamic testing capabilities of the ELSA laboratory, which increase the accuracy of the results and reduce the strain‐rate effect of the rubber bearings. A simple proportional correction of the measured forces compensates the remaining strain‐rate effect due to the unrealistic speed of the test. The correction factor is obtained by means of a characterizing test on the specific rubber isolators. The developed method has been successfully applied to the prediction of the seismic response of a base‐isolated four‐storey building submitted to several specified accelerograms. The results for those earthquakes as well as the effects of some changes of the parameters of the system are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

25～75℃酸性NaCl溶液中方铅矿的溶解动力学   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张生  李建平  王玉荣  胡光黔 《地球化学》2002,31(6):587-592

在25～75℃、pH=0.43～2.45的1mol/LNaCl溶液中进行了方铅矿的溶解动力学实验。发现在远平衡条件下,方铅矿的溶解速率r与氢离子活度犤H+犦呈线性关系,溶解速率方程(速率定律)为:r=k犤H+犦,即对H+而言,溶解反应为一级。其中速率常数k为2.344×10-7mol/m2·s(25℃)、1.380×10-6mol/m2·s(50℃)、7.079×10-6mol/m2·s(75℃)。溶解反应的活化能为43.54kJ/mol,方铅矿的溶解机理为表面化学反应,速率决定步骤为表面配合物的离解。  相似文献   

An experimental study of grain scale melt segregation mechanisms in two common crustal rock types   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C. W. Holyoke  III    T. Rushmer 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2002,20(5):493-512

Creation of pathways for melt to migrate from its source is the necessary first step for transport of magma to the upper crust. To test the role of different dehydration‐melting reactions in the development of permeability during partial melting and deformation in the crust, we experimentally deformed two common crustal rock types. A muscovite‐biotite metapelite and a biotite gneiss were deformed at conditions below, at and above their fluid‐absent solidus. For the metapelite, temperatures ranged between 650 and 800 °C at P_c=700 MPa to investigate the muscovite‐dehydration melting reaction. For the biotite gneiss, temperatures ranged between 850 and 950 °C at P_c=1000 MPa to explore biotite dehydration‐melting under lower crustal conditions. Deformation for both sets of experiments was performed at the same strain rate (ε.) 1.37×10^?5 s^?1. In the presence of deformation, the positive ΔV and associated high dilational strain of the muscovite dehydration‐melting reaction produces an increase in melt pore pressure with partial melting of the metapelite. In contrast, the biotite dehydration‐melting reaction is not associated with a large dilational strain and during deformation and partial melting of the biotite gneiss melt pore pressure builds more gradually. Due to the different rates in pore pressure increase, melt‐enhanced deformation microstructures reflect the different dehydration melting reactions themselves. Permeability development in the two rocks differs because grain boundaries control melt distribution to a greater extent in the gneiss. Muscovite‐dehydration melting may develop melt pathways at low melt fractions due to a larger volume of melt, in comparison with biotite‐dehydration melting, generated at the solidus. This may be a viable physical mechanism in which rapid melt segregation from a metapelitic source rock can occur. Alternatively, the results from the gneiss experiments suggest continual draining of biotite‐derived magma from the lower crust with melt migration paths controlled by structural anisotropies in the protolith.  相似文献   

Fluid permeability of sedimentary rocks in a complete stress–strain process     

J. -A. Wang  H. D. Park   《Engineering Geology》2002,63(3-4):291-300

The permeability of sedimentary rocks during triaxial compression tests was investigated to relate it to the complete strain–stress process. It was found that the permeability was not constant, but varied with the stress and strain states in the rocks. Prior to the peak strength, the permeability decreases with increasing load. A dramatic increase in permeability occurs during the strain softening period. In the present study, in situ measurements of fluid flow and pressure in floor strata was carried out in a double longwall mining face in the Yangzhuang colliery. These measurements show that both the strata pressure and the position with respect to the mining face influence the hydrogeologic properties. The permeability increased in the floor strata behind the mining face because those mining induced fractures opened as the strata pressure decreased. To better understand this change in hydraulic behavior around the mining faces, 3-D numerical modeling was carried out. The model provides the general picture of the stress distribution and failure zone both in the floor and roof strata. The field and model results demonstrate the importance of changes in the stress and strain states on the hydrogeology of a site.  相似文献   

地震前兆时空非均匀性指标Cv值的实验检验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王凯英  马胜利  刘力强  马瑾 《地震学报》2002,24(1):82-89

在双向加载条件下，对两种构造和介质不同的岩石标本进行变形实验，测量了标本表面不同部位的应变．在此基础上，利用王晓青和陈学忠等提出的描述地震前兆非均匀分布的参量————Cv值，分析了标本变形失稳过程中应变异常的分布，以期从实验角度检验Cv值方法并探讨其物理意义．研究表明，Cv值的变化与岩石变形特征的变化有关，是描述前兆分布非均匀性的一种有效指标；Cv值在失稳发生前先异常上升，然后下降，并在Cv值恢复过程中或恢复后伴随着失稳事件的发生．因此，Cv值是一种有效的预报指标．   相似文献   

由GPS观测结果推导中国大陆现今水平应变场   总被引：45，自引：4，他引：45  

杨国华  李延兴  韩月萍  胡新康  巩曰沐 《地震学报》2002,24(4):337-347

以中国大陆及周边近400个GPS测站的水平运动速率为基础，给出了现今地壳水平应变场结果表明:①中国大陆水平应变为西强东弱，剪应变数值大于正应变数值(绝对值)，应变量级一般为10-8/a，局部区域达到10-7/a，但应变分布不均匀；②南北向应变最突出的部位为中国西南部西段的喜马拉雅条带、西北部的36N~42N段及柴达木断块的北缘；③东西向应变西边缘变化最大．此外，由西向东还具有正负交替的变化特征；④REN(东-北向剪切应变)与Rmax(最大剪切应变)数值较大的区域分别是喜马拉雅条带、西北部的36N～42N段、柴达木断块的西部、川滇菱形块体，以及阿拉善、祁连及塔里木断块的交界区；⑤青藏块体周边以面收缩为主，内部则以面膨胀为主．其以北的地区以面收缩为主．西界数值最大，东部数值最小(除燕山构造带外)；⑥西部西区主压应变为南北向，主张应变为东西向．西部东缘区主压应变为近东西向，主张应变为近南北向．川滇菱形块体主应变的方向发生了很大的变化，北部地区为东西压南北张，南部地区则恰好相反；⑦中国大陆的应变模式可能是断块模式与连续模式的组合．此外，小尺度优势应变可能是剪切应变．造成上述结果除与印度板块的碰撞及边界耦合有关外，还与深部物质的活动及地壳介质的物性有密切的关系．必须指出，由于GPS测站在空间上分布的不均匀性，那么，由此而来的应变场，其应变尺度也不一样．   相似文献   

用应变积累释放模型研究中国大陆地块分区地震活动   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

马宏生  刘杰  张国民  李丽 《地震学报》2002,24(6):569-578

依据活动地块假说及活动边界的划分，对中国大陆地震活动进行分区．在此基础上，应用应变积累释放模型，通过地震应变积累释放的计算，研究了中国大陆各活动地块分区的地震活动性，初步探讨了各地块的地震活动阶段划分．此外，还对应变积累释放模型的应用前提条件进行了必要的讨论，并对模型结果中可能出现的问题给予一定分析．   相似文献   

拱坝非线性地震反应分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

肖诗云  林皋  李宏男 《地震工程与工程振动》2002,22(4):36-40

本文根据一致粘弹性模型的概念，引入应变率的影响，将混凝土静态William-Warnke三参数模型改造成一致粘塑性William-Warnke三参数本构模型，并用这个模型对某高拱坝进行了非线性地震响应分析，与线弹性模型和应变率无关的William-Warnke三参数模型的结果进行了比较，初步探讨了应变率对拱坝地震反应的影响。  相似文献   

Models of passive margin inversion: implications for the Rhenohercynian fold-and-thrust belt, Belgium and Germany     

Y Vanbrabant  J Braun 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,202(1):15-29

Positive tectonic inversion is related to the transmission of compressional stresses along a décollement into the foreland of an orogenic zone. This stress and strain concentration in regions remote from the main orogenic front is commonly related to the presence of pre-existing rheological heterogeneities such as normal syn-depositional faults. During inversion, these pre-existing normal faults are reactivated as reverse faults. Tectonic inversion in the Rhenohercynian fold-and-thrust belt during the Variscan Orogeny shows that inversion is likely synchronous with the onset of collision in the hinterland. Here, we present the results of a simplified thermo-mechanical model (STM) which allows one to study strain partitioning between two orogenic zones. We show that, if the two orogenic zones have the same mechanical properties, the viscosity of the décollement, which links them, controls the initial strain partitioning. During subsequent finite shortening, erosional processes determine the partitioning of strain rate. The presence of a weak structure in the inverted zone and of a low-viscosity décollement leads to initial strain concentration in the inverted track rather than in the collision zone and a progressive decrease in strain partitioning between the two orogenic zones. The STM results are in good agreement with results of a 2D finite-element model. We conclude that, in the western part of the Rhenohercynian Massif, simultaneous uplift and deformation within the Mid-German Crystalline Rise (the main collision zone) and the Ardenne Anticlinorium (the inverted zone) lead to interpreting this orogenic event as a case of vice tectonic rather than the propagation of a ‘wave of folding’ towards the Variscan front, as suggested by previous authors.  相似文献