公路桥超长群桩的有效桩长研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王成 《岩土力学》2010,31(5):1569-1573

针对公路桥梁超长群桩的有效桩长问题,对国内公路桥梁桩基的荷载状况进行统计分析,得出桩顶应力主要分布在6～21 MPa范围。进行了长径比为96的桩间距分别为3D、4.5D和6D的3组不同群桩的超长群桩模型试验,得到3种不同桩间距的超长群桩中单桩轴力随着不同荷载的分布图,按照桩身轴力趋于0的桩截面的深度确定有效桩长,并利用指数函数关系分别拟合了3种不同桩间距的桩顶应力与有效桩长之间的关系。根据竖向荷载作用下群桩模型试验与实际原型之间的相似关系,确定公路桥超长群桩与荷载对应的有效桩长取值范围,研究了超长群桩的有效桩长与桩间距之间的关系,并对桥梁桩基有效桩长的取值与桩间距提出了建议。  相似文献   

一种适用于各向异性土体的破坏准则     

苏栋 《岩土力学》2010,31(6):1681-1686

自然界的土体通常具有各向异性的特点,而传统的破坏准则大多只适用于各向同性的土体。结合应力张量和反映材料各向异性状态的组构张量,定义了修正偏应力及其不变量,提出了适用于各向异性土体材料的破坏准则。给出了共轴条件下正交各向异性和横向各向异性材料在一般应力空间的破坏曲线以及不同应力区中主应力系数b与摩擦角的关系曲线,并分析了它们的特性以及与各向同性材料相应曲线的区别。通过与真三轴试验数据的比较,表明该准则能很好地描述各向异性土体材料的强度特点。  相似文献   

复杂应力路径下大理岩三轴渗透试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王建秀  胡力绳  叶冲  唐益群  杨坪 《岩土力学》2010,31(8):2389-2393

在隧道施工过程中,围岩的应力条件非常复杂,研究复杂应力路径下围岩渗透性能的变化规律对在高水压地区修建隧道具有重要意义。以锦屏水电枢纽二级电站交通辅助洞大理岩为研究对象,进行了常规三轴渗透试验与控制轴向应变（简称应变 ）、围压先升后降的三轴渗透试验,探讨了轴压与围压之差的绝对值 （简称应力差）与渗透率的关系。试验结果表明: (1)常规渗透试验大理岩渗透率的变化过程有3个重要的特征点：渗透率最低点、渗透率峰值点以及渗透率稳定点;(2)大理岩的渗透率随着应力差的增大而减小,两者呈负指数关系;(3)对某一固定的应力差,升围压阶段测得的渗透率大于降围压阶段测得的渗透率;(4)对任何试验岩样总存在一阈值,当应力差小于该值时,应力差的改变对渗透率有显著影响;(5)应力差减小过程中岩样渗透率的“恢复能力”随着岩样轴向应变的增大而逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

复杂应力条件下掺砾黏土真三轴试验     

张坤勇  朱俊高  吴晓铭  李永红 《岩土力学》2010,31(9):2799-2804

采用新型真三轴仪器,对掺砾黏土进行了复杂应力条件下加载试验,近似模拟了土石坝填筑期心墙土体单元的加荷过程。试验结果表明,由于土体单元处于复杂应力状态,即使是单向加载这样的简单加荷应力路径,在不同应力方向上的应力和变形也都呈现显著的应力各向异性。土石坝应力变形分析中坝体单元处于三向应力条件下,由于加载引起的应力各向异性对心墙乃至整个坝体的应力变形规律都有较大影响,合理的本构模型应该能够反映并描述这种复杂应力状态下的应力各向异性。  相似文献   

GDS空心圆柱仪动力试验能力探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄博  丁浩  陈云敏  赵宇 《岩土力学》2010,31(1):314-320

为更好地模拟多向应力和主应力轴旋转等复杂应力路径,与英国GDS公司合作研发了能施加轴向和扭矩动载的空心圆柱仪。文中介绍了该仪器的工作原理和性能,分析对比了其与传统单向动三轴仪试验结果,并探讨该空心圆柱仪所完成的5组典型动力荷载及一组不规则随机波动力试验能力。动力加荷时,通过调整设定刚度参数,实测波形与设定波形误差较小。该仪器能很好地模拟地震、波浪和交通荷载引起的应力,为研究复杂应力状态下土体动力本构关系提供了很好的工具。  相似文献   

Reply to comments on “Flow resistance of one-line emergent vegetation along the floodplain edge of a compound open channel” by Xin Sun,Koji Shiono [Adv. Water Resour. 32(2009), 430–438]     

X. Sun  K. Shiono 《Advances in water resources》2010

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Influence of shallowness,bank inclination and bank roughness on the variability of flow patterns and boundary shear stress due to secondary currents in straight open-channels     

K. Blanckaert  A. Duarte  A.J. Schleiss 《Advances in water resources》2010

Boundary shear stress and flow variability due to its interaction with main flow and secondary currents were investigated under conditions that extend previous research on trapezoidal channels. Secondary currents that scale with the flow depth were found over the entire width in all experiments. These findings contradict the widespread perception that secondary currents die out at a distance of 2.5 times the flow depth from the bank, a perception which is largely based on experiments with smooth boundaries. The reported results indicate that a stable pattern of secondary currents over the entire channel width can only be sustained over a fixed horizontal bed if the bed's roughness is sufficient to provide the required transverse oscillations in the turbulent shear stresses. Contrary to laboratory flumes, alluvial river bed always provide sufficient roughness. The required external forcing of this hydrodynamic instability mechanism is provided by the turbulence-generated near-bank secondary currents. The pattern of near-bank secondary currents depends on the inclination and the roughness of the bank. In all configurations, secondary currents result in a reduction of the bed shear stress in the vicinity of the bank and a heterogeneous bank shear stress that reaches a maximum close to the toe of the bank. Moreover, these currents cause transverse variability of 10–15% for the streamwise velocities and 0.2u_*²–0.3u_*?² for the bed shear stress. These variations are insufficient to provide the flow variability required in river restoration projects, but nevertheless must be accounted for in the design of stable channels.  相似文献   

Velocity profiles and incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Faye KROL 《国际泥沙研究》2010,25(1):39-51

A series of experiments for the incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover have been carried out in laboratory under different flow and boundary conditions.Measurements on flow velocities across the measuring cross-section at different water depths have been conducted.Based on these experiments under both ice-covered and open flow conditions,the impacts of solid boundary(such as ice cover and flume sidewall) on the distribution of flow velocity profiles have been discussed.The criteria for the inc...  相似文献   

Hydraulic parameters in channels with wall vegetation and gravel bed     

Hossein AFZALIMEHR  Razieh MOGHBEL 《国际泥沙研究》2010,25(1):81-90

In this experimental study,field observations and laboratory experiments have been carried out to assess the impacts of the vegetated channel walls and aspect ratio on flow velocity profiles,shear stress distribution and roughness coefficient of channel.Results show that the presence of vegetation cover on channel wall causes deviation of the Reynolds stress distribution from the linear one under uniform flow condition.It is also noticed that the Reynolds stress distribution is influenced by the aspect rati...  相似文献   

The influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles on wave-driven sea-floor sediment mobility along the central California continental margin     

Curt D. Storlazzi  Jane A. Reid 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

Ocean surface waves are the dominant temporally and spatially variable process influencing sea floor sediment resuspension along most continental shelves. Wave-induced sediment mobility on the continental shelf and upper continental slope off central California for different phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events was modeled using monthly statistics derived from more than 14 years of concurrent hourly oceanographic and meteorologic data as boundary input for the Delft SWAN wave model, gridded sea floor grain-size data from the usSEABED database, and regional bathymetry. Differences as small as 0.5 m in wave height, 1 s in wave period, and 10° in wave direction, in conjunction with the spatially heterogeneous unconsolidated sea-floor sedimentary cover, result in significant changes in the predicted mobility of continental shelf surficial sediment in the study area. El Niño events result in more frequent mobilization on the inner shelf in the summer and winter than during La Niña events and on the outer shelf and upper slope in the winter months, while La Niña events result in more frequent mobilization on the mid-shelf during spring and summer months than during El Niño events. The timing and patterns of seabed mobility are addressed in context of geologic and biologic processes. By understanding the spatial and temporal variability in the disturbance of the sea floor, scientists can better interpret sedimentary patterns and ecosystem structure, while providing managers and planners an understanding of natural impacts when considering the permitting of offshore activities that disturb the sea floor such as trawling, dredging, and the emplacement of sea-floor engineering structures.  相似文献