An Assessment of Structural Measures for Flood-prone Lowlands with High Population Density along the Keelung River in Taiwan     

Lung-Sheng Hsieh  Ming-Hsi Hsu  Ming-Hsu Li 《Natural Hazards》2006,37(1-2):133-152

Midstream of the Keelung River Basin in Northern Taiwan has become highly urbanized and densely populated area. Flood inundation along riversides frequently occurred during typhoons or rainstorms. Three protection measures, including constructions of high-level protection levees, a diversion channel, and a detention reservoir, were proposed for flood mitigation. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the flood mitigation performance of the three proposed structural measures by using combined hydrologic analyses and hydraulic routings. A semi-distributed parallel-type linear reservoirs rainfall-runoff model was used for estimating the surface runoff. Furthermore, a 1-D dynamic channel routing model was coupled with a two-dimensional inundation model to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of river flooding and overland flow. Simulation results of flood stages, runoff peak discharges, and inundation extent under design rainfall scenarios were chosen as the criteria for evaluation. The results showed a diversion channel is superior to the other two measures for flood mitigation of the study area. After the process of environmental impact assessment, a revised diversion channel approach has been approved for construction as the major structural measure.  相似文献   

我国西部1∶5万地形图空白区地物解译研究——以西藏那曲其香错地区为例     

洪志刚  戴尔阜  储美华 《测绘科学》2005,(6)

我国西部部分地区1∶5万地形图数据尚未完成,给区域和国家经济发展带来极大不便。空间技术、计算机技术和信息技术的高速发展为遥感技术应用提供了技术支持,高分辨率影像获取能力的提高为大比例尺地物特征的提取提供了数据可能。本文采用SPOT5遥感影像,以1∶5万地形图图式标准为依据,进行青藏高原其香错地区地物判读,结果表明SPOT5能基本满足1∶5万地形图制图要求。为进一步提高判读结果,可采用多时相、多分辨率影像进行1∶5万地形图地物判读。  相似文献   

甜水海微陆块上二叠系地层的厘定及其特征     

边小卫  王炬川  罗乾周  杨克俭  朱海平  杨运军 《陕西地质》2005,23(2):44-49,75

笔者在《岔路口》等四幅1：25万区域地质调查工作中，在红山湖一带从前人所划的石炭系地层中解体出一套二叠系地层，并对其进行了详细的岩石地层、生物地层和层序地层研究，拟新命名为红山湖组，时代为中二叠世。该地层为甜水海微陆块上稳定型的碳酸盐岩建造，与陆块南北两侧二叠系特征截然不同。该套地层的发现填补了微陆块上二叠系地层的空白，对古特提斯多岛洋研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

上京井田构造特征及其成因分析     

许福美 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(1):8-10

利用井田勘探和矿井生产的地质资料，对上京井阳的构造特征进行了总结，认为该井田以褶皱为主，尤以翻卷褶曲为特征，并且其复杂的构造格局是在经受了多次构造运动而形成的，其形成过程可概括为四个阶段：含煤盆地形成阶段；Ⅰ级褶皱和辗掩断层形成阶段；Ⅱ、Ⅲ级褶皱和一系列正断层形成阶段；构造体系的叠加、改造和定型阶段。  相似文献   

西藏阿里地区札达沉积盆地活动构造   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

邵兆刚  孟宪刚  朱大岗  杨朝斌  韩建恩  余佳  孟庆伟 《地质通报》2005,24(7):625-629

野外初步调查结果表明，札达盆地不仅边界断裂存在较强烈的活动性，而且在盆地内部发现了较多的活动断层，同时还伴有大量的崩塌堆积。该调查结果为札达地区区域地壳稳定性的评价和青藏高原区域应力场的分析提供了宝贵的实际资料。  相似文献   

淮河流域土壤湿度异常的时空分布特征及其与气候异常关系的初步研究   总被引：29，自引：5，他引：29       下载免费PDF全文

孙丞虎李维京  张祖强何金海 《应用气象学报》2005,16(2):129-138

利用中国东部1990~2000年旬平均土壤湿度、降水和气温观测资料，通过对0~50 cm层次土壤湿度进行旋转主分量分析 (REOF)，重点分析了淮河流域土壤湿度的时空分布特征, 并初步研究了土壤湿度与前期、同期和后期不同时段降水与气温的关系。发现春季以30 cm为界，30 cm以上各层土壤湿度异常的第一旋转空间模态十分相似, 其大值中心主要位于淮河流域，而30 cm以下 (30~50 cm) 各层的第二旋转空间模态与之亦十分类似, 因此称该模态为“淮河型”，而夏季和秋季虽然该模态也很显著, 但特征不如春季突出。该模态在各层次土壤中具有明显的持续性特征，均存在40旬左右的显著周期；并与前期和同期降水（气温）呈显著正 (负) 相关关系，与约半年后的降水 (气温) 呈负 (正) 相关关系。  相似文献   

Analysis and classification of hyperspectral data for mapping land degradation: An application in southern Spain     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2005,7(2):85-96

Desertification is a severe stage of land degradation, manifested by “desert-like” conditions in dryland areas. Climatic conditions together with geomorphologic processes help to mould desert-like soil surface features in arid zones. The identification of these soil features serves as a useful input for understanding the desertification process and land degradation as a whole. In the present study, imaging spectrometer data were used to detect and map desert-like surface features. Absorption feature parameters in the spectral region between 0.4 and 2.5 μm wavelengths were analysed and correlated with soil properties, such as soil colour, soil salinity, gypsum content, etc. Soil groupings were made based on their similarities and their spectral reflectance curves were studied. Distinct differences in the reflectance curves throughout the spectrum were exhibited between groups. Although the samples belonging to the same group shared common properties, the curves still showed differences within the same group.Characteristic reflectance curves of soil surface features were derived from spectral measurements both in the field and in the laboratory, and mean reflectance values derived from image pixels representing known features. Linear unmixing and spectral angle matching techniques were applied to assess their suitability in mapping surface features for land degradation studies. The study showed that linear unmixing provided more realistic results for mapping “desert-like” surface features than the spectral angle matching technique.  相似文献   

班公湖—怒江构造带西段三叠纪—侏罗纪构造—沉积演化   总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20  

王冠民  钟建华 《地质论评》2002,48(3):297-303

班公湖－怒江构造带西段在大地构造位置上处于特提斯构造域东端，横跨班公湖－怒江断裂带。三叠纪－株罗纪期间，其构造－沉积演化经历了大陆初始裂谷（T）、原洋裂谷（J1）、残余弧后盆地（J2－J3）阶段。初始裂谷阶段的拉张是呈南断北超的半地堑式由东向西进行的，逐渐形成地堑式原洋裂谷盆地。中晚侏罗世，南部新特提斯洋壳开始北各俯冲,产生的区域挤压应力使原洋裂谷逐渐封闭，裂谷盆地的小洋壳表现出以南向俯冲为主的双向式腑冲，同时伴生区域热沉降，盆地具残余弧后盆地的性质。该阶段,羌南地区发育碳酸盐岩为主的稳定陆缘沉积，冈度斯－念青唐古拉板片北部则形成广泛南超的近源碎屑沉积。  相似文献   

甘肃东海金矿地质特征及成因探讨   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘堆富  赵立春 《地质找矿论丛》2002,17(2):97-102

文章阐述了东海金矿地层，构造，侵入岩，矿体特征，围岩蚀变及矿床硫，铅同位素特征，指出了矿体受控于构造和华力西中晚期酸性侵入岩，总结了矿化富集规律，认为该矿床具有多因复成矿床之“五多”之特点。  相似文献   

苏皖地块－－特提斯演化阶段独立的构造单元   总被引：31，自引：1，他引：31       下载免费PDF全文

吴根耀  陈焕疆  马力  徐克定 《古地理学报》2002,4(2):77-87

基于苏皖地区的基底性质、晚元古代-中生代特征的沉积-火成建造、区域成矿和构造专属性，结合古地磁资料，提出了苏皖地块是特提斯演化阶段独立的构造单元的观点。它以苏鲁洋与华北克拉通间隔。震旦纪-早古生代的建造及变形特征与扬子克拉通有差异。石炭纪末和早二叠世的沉积和生物群表明它当时是古特提斯洋域里的一个中间地块，此时它已独立于扬子克拉通之外。三叠纪时苏鲁洋发生过大规模的消减但未闭合，因而苏皖地块的晚三叠世植物群与扬子克拉通有较明显区别。苏皖地块与华北克拉通（指胶辽地块）碰撞可能发生在早白垩世，该地区超高压变质岩的折返与之有关。之后，苏皖地块成为亚洲大陆雏形的一部分。  相似文献