城市局部气候分区对地表温度的影响 ——以大连市区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金珊合  张育庆  杨俊 《测绘通报》2019,(4):87-90

以大连市区建筑数据、SPOT 5和Landsat 8遥感数据为基础，运用局部气候带分类、地表温度反演方法，研究大连市局部气候带分区类型和特征，进而分析不同局部气候带对城市地表温度的影响。研究结果表明：①大连市建筑类型高度主要为低层建筑、多层建筑和中高层建筑，建筑密度为中密度和较高密度，甘井子区分布大量森林绿地，中山区具有丰富的公园绿地；②地表温度整体偏高，空间上呈现东高西低的趋势，其中半数以上地区地表温度达到28℃~31℃，并且有超过1%的地区地表温度大于38℃，该区域出现极端高温；③同一建筑高度上，密度越大的建筑区域，地表温度越高；同一建筑密度，多层建筑高度覆盖区地表温度较高。森林绿地地表温度最低，公园绿地和社区绿地地表温度几乎一致，附属绿地地表温度最高。  相似文献   

Metamorphic evolution of the Naga Hills eclogite and blueschist, Northeast India: implications for early subduction of the Indian plate under the Burma microplate     

N. CHATTERJEE  N. C. GHOSE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2010,28(2):209-225

Tectonic slices and lenses of eclogite within mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Early Cretaceous–Eocene Naga Hills ophiolite were studied to constrain the physical conditions of eastward subduction of the Indian plate under the Burma microplate and convergence rate prior to the India–Eurasia collision. Some of the lenses are composed of eclogite, garnet-blueschist, glaucophanite and greenschist from core to margin, representing a retrograde hydrothermal alteration sequence. Barroisite, garnet, omphacite and epidote with minor chlorite, phengite, rutile and quartz constitute the peak metamorphic assemblage. In eclogite and garnet-blueschist, garnet shows an increase in Mg and Fe and decrease in Mn from core to rim. In chlorite in eclogite, Mg increases from core to rim. Inclusions of epidote, glaucophane, omphacite and quartz in garnet represent the pre-peak assemblage. Glaucophane also occurs profusely at the rims of barroisite. The matrix glaucophane and epidote represent the post-peak assemblage. The Fe³⁺ content of garnet-hosted omphacite is higher than that of matrix omphacite, and Fe³⁺ increases from core to rim in matrix glaucophane. Albite occurs in late stage veins. P – T pseudosection analysis indicates that the Naga Hills eclogites followed a clockwise P – T path with prograde metamorphism beginning at ∼1.3 GPa/525 °C and peaking at 1.7–2.0 GPa/580–610 °C, and subsequent retrogression to ∼1.1 GPa/540 °C. A comparison of these P – T conditions with numerical thermal models of plate subduction indicates that the Naga Hills eclogites probably formed near the top of the subducting crust with convergence rates of ∼ 55–100 km Myr⁻¹, consistent with high pre-collision convergence rates between India and Eurasia.  相似文献   

Discussion of “Wave setup and setdown generated by obliquely incident waves” by T.-W. Hsu et al., Coastal Engineering, 53, 865–877, 2006     

Fengyan Shi  James T. Kirby 《Coastal Engineering》2008,55(12):1247-1249

In the recent paper by Tai-Wen Hsu, John R.-C. Hsu, Wen-Kai Weng, Swun-Kwang Wang, and Shan-Hwei Ou (Coastal Engineering, 53, 865–877, 2006), the authors derived theoretical formulations for calculating the wave setup and setdown induced by obliquely incident waves on a beach. The derivation of an expression for setdown contains errors which would lead to an imbalance in longshore momentum flux outside the surfzone. We correct their derivation and give results in terms of the radiation stress concept in a general case including an oblique wave incidence. We also point out that the correct form of wave setdown is important to describe the zero-net force in the momentum balance outside the surfzone.  相似文献   

Developing a building policy for the erosion zone: Solutions to some key (Dutch) questions     

P.R. Winckel  J.K. Vrijling  J. van de Graaff 《Coastal Engineering》2008

In those coastal communities where the most seaward strip of mainland consists of dunes, these dunes often serve as a flexible sea defence. In addition, this strip offers large potential for housing and commercial enterprises. Unfortunately, due to severe storm surges part of this strip (the erosion zone) is subject to erosion, and as a result of which any buildings or infrastructure located here, are destroyed. Therefore, as we will illustrate in this paper, a building policy for this zone should reflect a compromise between two opposite interests: exploitation of the existing potential and, prevention of an unacceptable high risk due to erosion. Accordingly, the authors have developed a framework for such a building policy on the basis of which the desirability of various different types of investments and the location within the erosion zone of such investments can be determined. The examples that are used to illustrate this framework in this paper are limited to experiences in The Netherlands as relevant data and experiences are available and relatively easy accessible here. Nevertheless, the approach as is described is generic and applicable worldwide suggesting that the discovered unused potential for exploitation is not just limited to The Netherlands.  相似文献   

利用机载GNSS反射信号反演海面风速的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王迎强  严卫  符养  李萍 《海洋学报》2008,30(6):51-59

全球卫星导航定位系统的反射信号(GNSS-R)遥感技术作为一种新型的、低成本的、高机动性的海面微波遥感测风技术,与其他测风手段优势互补,可以增加测风手段的多样性,弥补局部测风手段不足的状况。研究了接收机在机载高度时,GPS反射信号功率理论模型四部分函数的性质,在此基础之上,数值模拟了机载高度下理论相关功率波形,基于海面风速对波形峰值与后沿的影响,提出了一种能够兼顾所有理论波形信息的二维插值风速反演方法。利用该方法,结合实测机载数据对海面风速进行反演,反演的风速均值与附近测站风速均值相差为1.4 m/s,与浮标数据相一致。  相似文献   

高密度电法在老山隧道勘察中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李乃旺  李晓昭  徐鸣洁  梁清雨  钟凯 《地球科学与环境学报》2007,29(4):412-415

应用高密度电阻率法勘察宁淮高速公路南京老山隧道工程,查明了隧道YK5 280~ZK5 540段的地层分布和构造特征,并推断出鹰嘴山断层的位置和产状,结合勘察资料证明该断层为高角度逆断层。预测出隧道和断层破碎带相交处为浅部裂隙岩溶含水带中的优良导水带,该处涌水的可能性很大,其推断结果在施工中得到证实。说明高密度电法是进行隧道勘察和构造裂隙岩溶富水带探测的一种可靠手段。  相似文献   

中国城市网络的空间组织特征研究——基于开发区联系的视角     

赵新正  冯长安  李同昇  刘晓琼  芮旸 《地理研究》2019,38(4):898-910

城市网络研究是全球化和信息化背景下城市研究领域的前沿热点。基于开发区数据,借助引力模型构建了中国城市关联网络,并采用社会网络分析方法对网络发育特征进行了研究。研究显示：① 城市网络中心度呈现为少数城市占主导的金字塔结构,网络覆盖城市具有沿海、沿江和地方中心三个指向。高新区城市关联网络由珠三角和长三角城市群内的城市共同主导,经开区城市关联网络由长三角地区城市主导。② 城市网络从城市群内部开始向其他区域扩展,并从团簇结构逐步向鸟巢结构转变。高新区和经开区城市关联网络在哈尔滨-成都-深圳（广州）-福州-上海围合成的网络密集区内分别呈现北密南疏和东密西疏的非对称格局。③ 基于国家级开发区所形成的两类城市网络均表现出极弱的多中心特征。随着时间的推移两类网络的多中心趋势均在增强。④ 板块经济的运行以及城市群战略的实施对城市网络联系具有积极的影响。基于国家级开发区数据,测度了城市间的关联网络,结果反映了开发区政策对于中国城市网络体系重构的重要作用,不仅对于理解中国城市关联网络的演化具有重要意义,而且为城市网络研究提供了新的数据源。  相似文献   

Late Cretaceous blueschist facies metamorphism in southern Thrace (Turkey) and its geodynamic implications     

G. TOPUZ  A. I. OKAY  R. ALTHERR  M. SATIR  W. H. SCHWARZ 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2008,26(9):895-913

A blueschist facies tectonic sliver, 9 km long and 1 km wide, crops out within the Miocene clastic rocks bounded by the strands of the North Anatolian Fault zone in southern Thrace, NW Turkey. Two types of blueschist facies rock assemblages occur in the sliver: (i) A serpentinite body with numerous dykes of incipient blueschist facies metadiabase (ii) a well‐foliated and thoroughly recrystallized rock assemblage consisting of blueschist, marble and metachert. Both are partially enveloped by an Upper Eocene wildflysch, which includes olistoliths of serpentinite–metadiabase, Upper Cretaceous and Palaeogene pelagic limestone, Upper Eocene reefal limestone, radiolarian chert, quartzite and minor greenschist. Field relations in combination with the bore core data suggest that the tectonic sliver forms a positive flower structure within the Miocene clastic rocks in a transpressional strike–slip setting, and represents an uplifted part of the pre‐Eocene basement. The blueschists are represented by lawsonite–glaucophane‐bearing assemblages equilibrated at 270–310 °C and ～0.8 GPa. The metadiabase dykes in the serpentinite, on the other hand, are represented by pumpellyite–glaucophane–lawsonite‐assemblages that most probably equilibrated below 290 °C and at 0.75 GPa. One metadiabase olistolith in the Upper Eocene flysch sequence contains the mineral assemblage epidote + pumpellyite + glaucophane, recording P–T conditions of 290–350 °C and 0.65–0.78 GPa, indicative of slightly lower depths and different thermal setting. Timing of the blueschist facies metamorphism is constrained to c. 86 Ma (Coniacian/Santonian) by Rb–Sr phengite–whole rock and incremental ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar phengite dating on blueschists. The activity of the strike–slip fault post‐dates the blueschist facies metamorphism and exhumation, and is only responsible for the present outcrop pattern and post‐Miocene exhumation (～2 km). The high‐P/T metamorphic rocks of southern Thrace and the Biga Peninsula are located to the southeast of the Circum Rhodope Belt and indicate Late Cretaceous subduction and accretion under the northern continent, i.e. the Rhodope Massif, enveloped by the Circum Rhodope Belt. The Late Cretaceous is therefore a time of continued accretionary growth of this continental domain.  相似文献   

Modelling the non‐linear hydrological behaviour of a small Mediterranean forested catchment     

C. Medici  A. Butturini  S. Bernal  E. Vázquez  F. Sabater  J. I. Vélez  F. Francés 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3814-3828

A progressive perceptual understanding approach was used to identify a model structure able to represent the non‐linear behaviour of the hydrological cycle in a small intermittent Mediterranean stream. The initial lumped model structure consisting of a series of four connected water tanks (LU3) progressed to a model with five tanks (LU4), and finally to a semidistributed model structure (SD4) in which spatial variability of the evapotranspiration according to the vegetation cover and to the local aspect was considered. In the final model structure, which gave the best fit (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index = 0·78), an additional tank representing the riparian zone was included (SD4‐R). Results showed that the abrupt changes of the riparian water table during summer and the formation of a perched water table during the transition from dry to wet conditions were the main mechanisms leading to the non‐linear hydrological behaviour. The transpiration process from the saturated zone and the spatial variability of evapotranspiration resulted in key factors successfully representing the annual water balance. The spatial and temporal validations carried out for each of the four model structures considered in this study supported the hypothesis adopted during the calibration process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国南北过渡带研究的十大科学问题   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张百平 《地理科学进展》2019,38(3):305-311

秦岭-淮河一线在60 a前被科学地确定为中国南北分界线。此后中国地学科学家一直在探索分界线的具体位置和划分指标改进问题;随着数据的积累和认识的加深,还发现了一些新的科学问题。2017年启动的国家科技基础资源调查专项“中国南北过渡带综合科学考察”将秦岭-大巴山定义为中国南北过渡带的主体,拟全面系统地调查和研究其自然地理要素与资源问题,从而实现中国南北分界线研究的全面深化和突破。秦岭-大巴山具有多维地带性结构,表现出高度的过渡性、复杂性、多样性和敏感性。目前面临和需要研究的主要科学问题包括：① 南北分界线与南北过渡带的关系?② 暖温带与亚热带划分指标如何改进?③ 植被-土壤在南北方向上的渐变序列及其形成机理?④ 全球变化与地区关键生物气候指标空间变动的关系?⑤ 秦巴山地的多维地带性结构如何分解与综合?⑥ 秦巴山区生物多样性、特有性的格局与机理?⑦ 秦巴山地东西向廊道效应?⑧ 秦巴山地的区域环境效应及对国家生态安全的意义?⑨ 秦巴山地在中国历史发展中的特殊意义?⑩ 西秦岭的地理结构与华夏文明起源的关系?这些问题既是过去研究工作和认识的总结,也是未来一段时间内需要关注和研究的重点。希望这样的归纳和梳理对于中国南北过渡带和南北分界线的科学研究具有一定的启发和促进作用,为中国自然地理学理论发展、生物多样性和生态安全研究,甚至为华夏文明起源的研究提供新的视角和框架。  相似文献