Bioaccumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements in Cereal and Legume Crops: A Review     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(12)

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洞庭湖主要河口区表层沉积物与河蚬中砷的污染特征及风险评价     

李滨  王健  李德亮  张婷 《湖泊科学》2019,31(3):667-676

水体砷污染及其健康危害已成为一个备受关注的环境问题.本研究通过测定洞庭湖主要河口区表层沉积物砷含量、河蚬砷及砷形态（亚砷酸盐As（Ⅲ）、砷酸盐As（Ⅴ）、甲基砷酸MMA、二甲基砷酸DMA和砷甜菜碱AsB）含量,对表层沉积物砷的潜在生态风险和河蚬食用健康风险进行评价.结果表明,洞庭湖主要河口区表层沉积物砷含量在11.47~61.20 mg/kg之间,其水平分布规律表现为：南洞庭湖>东洞庭湖>西洞庭湖.河蚬砷含量范围为6.36~11.15 mg/kg,各砷形态含量排序为：AsB > As（Ⅴ） > DMA > As（Ⅲ） > MMA,各样地间不存在显著性差异.应用潜在生态风险指数法对表层沉积物中砷的潜在生态风险进行评价,各样地的潜在生态风险指数均值为23.09,潜在生态风险程度属于轻微级别.同时,利用致癌风险指数（CR）和危熵系数（HQ）评价经河蚬摄入无机砷给人体带来的潜在健康风险.洞庭湖主要河口区河蚬中无机砷的致癌风险CR_iAs值达到了1.36×10^-3~3.43×10^-3（平均值为2.24×10^-3）,均显著超过USEPA推荐的可接受风险水平上限值（1×10^-4）,其危熵系数HQ_iAs值达到3.01~7.61（平均值为4.98,约为标准值的5倍）,说明长期食用当地河蚬具有较高的致癌和非致癌健康风险.本研究结果对于了解洞庭湖沉积物和底栖动物的砷污染现状和风险水平具有重要意义,为该流域的砷污染控制及治理提供科学依据.  相似文献   

UV‐Activated Persulfate Oxidation of Orange III Dye Using KrCl Excilamp          下载免费PDF全文

Marina Sizykh  Agnes Batoeva  Oyuna Tsydenova 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(4)

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Microbially Contaminated Water in Urban Fountains as a Hidden Source of Infections     

Barbara D. Modrzewska  Magdalena Bartnicka  Joanna Blaszkowska 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(8)

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Stabilization of Lead and Copper in a Contaminated Typic Torripsament Soil Using Humic Substances     

Ahmed S. Abuzaid  Mohamed A. Bassouny  Hossam S. Jahin  Ahmed A. Abdelhafez 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(5)

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Effects of coal contamination on early life history processes of a reef-building coral,Acropora tenuis     

Kathryn L.E. Berry  Mia O. Hoogenboom  Diane L. Brinkman  Kathryn A. Burns  Andrew P. Negri 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):505-514

Successful reproduction and larval dispersal are important for the persistence of marine invertebrate populations, and these early life history processes can be sensitive to marine pollution. Coal is emerging as a contaminant of interest due to the proximity of ports and shipping lanes to coral reefs. To assess the potential hazard of this contaminant, gametes, newly developed embryos, larvae and juveniles of the coral Acropora tenuis were exposed to a range of coal leachate, suspended coal, and coal smothering treatments. Fertilisation was the most sensitive reproductive process tested. Embryo survivorship decreased with increasing suspended coal concentrations and exposure duration, effects on larval settlement varied between treatments, while effects on juvenile survivorship were minimal. Leachate exposures had negligible effects on fertilisation and larval settlement. These results indicate that coral recruitment could be affected by spills that produce plumes of suspended coal particles which interact with gametes and embryos soon after spawning.  相似文献   

The impact of typhoons on sediment connectivity: lessons learnt from contaminated coastal catchments of the Fukushima Prefecture (Japan)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Caroline Chartin  Olivier Evrard  J. Patrick Laceby  Yuichi Onda  Catherine Ottlé  Irène Lefèvre  Olivier Cerdan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(2):306-317

Sediment connectivity characterizes the physical transfer of sediment through different geomorphic compartments in catchments due to sediment detachment, transport and deposition. Quantifying and modelling sediment connectivity is therefore a key prerequisite to improving our understanding of the dispersion of particle‐borne contaminants, especially in catchments exposed to highly erosive climates. The objective of this study is to provide novel insights into typhoon impacts on sediment connectivity from hillslopes to rivers. The dispersion of particle‐bound caesium‐137 (¹³⁷Cs) was investigated in two coastal catchments draining the main contamination plume from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Five sampling campaigns were carried out from November 2011 to November 2015, after each typhoon season. The spatial and temporal evolution of ¹³⁷Cs contamination was investigated through the calculation of ¹³⁷Cs enrichment ratios in sediment relative to nearby soils. Rainfall erosivity (EI₃₀) associated with the main typhoons that occurred prior to each sampling campaign were computed, mapped, and finally used to improve a topographic‐based index of connectivity. From 2011 to 2015, mean contamination levels in Mano and Niida catchments decreased from 11.9 kBq kg^?1 to 3.3 kBq kg^?1 and from 34.1 kBq kg^?1 to 8.0 kBq kg^?1, respectively. Regional mean EI₃₀ ranged from 262 MJ mm ha^?1 h^?1 for typhoon Jelawat (in 2012) to 1695 MJ mm ha^?1 h^?1 for typhoon Roke (in 2011). Typhoons Roke (2011) and Etau (2015) showed the highest connectivity from contaminated sources to the rivers, and induced a significant export of sediment to the ocean. In 2013 a slight increase in ¹³⁷Cs levels in river sediments occurred, likely resulting from initial decontamination works and the occurrence of two consecutive typhoons. Importantly, this research provides new insights into the connectivity of the main sources of sediments contaminated with radiocaesium in Fukushima Prefecture and their temporal evolution, which will help with ongoing decontamination efforts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

水库中致腐蚀微生物杀菌剂的筛选及抗腐蚀涂料的检测     

崔恒林  仓一华  陆玲  孙延涛  孙红尧  李震  朱秀娟 《湖泊科学》2000,12(4):379-384

采用多管发酵培养法检测水样中致腐蚀并富集出测试菌群,设置杀菌剂浓度梯度,筛选出有效的杀菌剂,对不同配比及含不同杀菌剂的树脂涂层进行耐腐蚀及杀菌效果检测,并对其中效果最好的２２号杀菌菌剂涂层进行了长效性实验和耐菌性实验,结果表明含２２号杀菌剂的抗菌涂料是一种很好的抗水库中微生物腐蚀的材料。  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价——以江苏太仓市为例   总被引：34，自引：8，他引：26  

钟晓兰  周生路  赵其国 《地理科学》2007,27(3):395-400

太仓市表层土壤Zn、Cu属强变异强度,呈对数正态分布;Cd、Ni、Hg、As、Cr和Pb属中等变异强度,呈正态分布。Cu、Hg、Zn、As显著高于当地背景值,以As累积指数和超背景值率最高;8种重金属除As自表层向下递增外,其余元素均为表层向下递减。土壤复合污染严重,土壤潜在生态风险达中等水平,黄泥土生态风险高于沙夹垅;重金属生态风险以印染厂最大,其次为电镀厂和养殖场,产生潜在生态风险为Hg、Cd,而As、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb等多属轻微水平。  相似文献   

Non-sea-salt sulfate in the marine boundary layer and its possible impact on chloride depletion     

XIE Zhouqing  SUN Liguang  Cole-Dai Jihong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(6):162-171

1Introduction Sulfurisoneofthemostimportantelements whosebiogeochemicalcyclesarepivotaltotheatmo- sphericenvironmentandtotheclimaticchanges.The predominant,stablechemicalspeciesofsulfurinthe atmosphereissulfuricacidorsulfatewhichunderor- dinaryconditionsexistsmainlyinsmallaerosolparti- cles(Chinetal.,1996;Kerminenetal.,2000;Restadet al.,1998).Sulfuricacidorsulfate-dominatedaerosols areubiquitousintheloweratmosphere.Inthemarine boundarylayer(MBL),non-sea-saltsulfuricacidorsulfate(nss-SO42-)…  相似文献