利用硫氧化细菌改良盐碱土   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张静  王清  李晓茹  孙铁  戚倩颖 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(1):147

硫氧化细菌具有氧化单质硫及硫化物,生成硫酸的特性。根据硫氧化细菌的这种生物特性,使其在盐碱土中发生生化反应,将硫磺粉氧化生成硫酸,中和盐碱土中的OH^-,从而达到改良盐碱土的目的。在实验中,土样分为吹填土、盐田土、农田土、绿化土4组,将一定体积的氧化硫硫杆菌、排硫杆菌菌液和硫磺粉加入到各土样中,每12 h观测一次土壤上清液的pH值和电导率。实验结果表明:氧化硫硫杆菌和排硫杆菌对降低土壤pH值有明显作用,使土壤pH值由7.5降低到7.2,对改良碱土有一定的作用。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal distribution and growth dynamics of phototrophic sulfur bacteria populations in the sulfide-rich Lake Arcas     

Antonio Camacho  Eduardo Vicente  Maria R. Miracle 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2000,62(4):334-349

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Bathing waters: New directive, new standards, new quality approach     

Catarina R. Mansilha  Carla A. Coelho  João Amado  Paula Gameiro 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(10):1562-1565

Bathing water quality is an important public health issue, mainly because of fecal contamination. In 2006, the European Commission (EC) adopted a new directive with respect to recreational bathing waters that calls for stricter standards and reduces the number of laboratory tests done in routine beach monitoring from nineteen to two bacterial indicators, namely, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci, replacing policies of the EC Bathing Water Directive that have existed since 1976. Our practice in Portugal is in line with this international development, and this study demonstrates the equivalency of the new bacteriological parameters with the old. The water quality of 25 coastal beaches was surveyed using both new and old microbiological indicators of fecal contamination. Statistical analysis demonstrated equivalency of the results obtained for fecal coliforms with Escherichia coli and for fecal streptococci with intestinal enterococci.  相似文献   

水体中秋兰姆特效降解菌的筛选及其降解性能研究     

高松  宋莹  王琳  蒋步新 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,36(3):455-457

从某橡胶厂废弃物堆积场采集受秋兰姆污染的土壤中分离出TM₁、TM₂、TM₃ 3株单菌,分别加到一定浓度秋兰姆的模拟水中,通过实验优化出秋兰姆最佳降解条件,得出单菌株TM₁对水样中的秋兰姆降解能力最大。将3株单菌按一定方式混合制成T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄ 4组混菌,用单菌降解秋兰姆的最优条件对4组混菌进行降解性能实验,其中混菌T₁对秋兰姆降解率最高,降解率可达95.77%。  相似文献   

厦门西海域水体中碱性磷酸酶活力分布及其影响因子分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

黄邦钦  洪华生  薛雄志 《海洋学报》2000,22(1):62-68

1993年8和11月,1994年3,5和10月,应用荧光法测定了厦门西海域水体中各载体相(浮游植物、细菌和游离态)碱性磷酸酶活力(APA),结果表明:APA呈较为明显的季节变动,总APA表现为夏季(1993年8月)最高,春(1994年5月)秋(1993年11月)最低;结果亦显示,该海域浮游植物和海水是碱性磷酸酶的主要载体,平均分别占44.7%和40.5%;与环境因子的相关分析表明,各形态磷,硝态氮、溶解氧、化学耗氧量、初级生产力、细菌生长速率(BP)对APA有较明显的影响;其中除BP与APA成正相关外,其余均为负相关。还对碱性磷酸酶作为水体磷状况的指示和在磷的生物地球化学循环的作用进行了初步讨论。  相似文献   

Recent studies on bacterial populations and processes in subseafloor sediments: A review   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

R. John Parkes  Barry A. Cragg  Peter Wellsbury 《Hydrogeology Journal》2000,8(1):11-28

Subsurface bacteria also occur in hydrothermal sediments with large temperature gradients (up to 12 °C/m) and with population numbers similar to non-hydrothermal sites at temperatures from psychrophilic to mesophilic. At greater depths and temperatures, populations decline rapidly, but they are still significant up to hyperthermophilic temperatures and are even stimulated by subsurface seawater flow. These results suggest that temperature alone does not limit bacteria in non-hydrothermal sediments until about 4 km, and evidence exists that bacterial processes may even be sustained by interaction with thermogenic processes as temperatures increase during deep burial. Experiments demonstrate that in the presence of readily degradable organic substrates, actively growing bacteria can move faster than sediment deposition; hence, these bacteria are not necessarily trapped and buried. However, bacterial growth decreases with depth to such an extent that subsurface bacteria would not be able to keep up with sedimentation rate and hence would be buried. In some circumstances, such as in sapropel layers with high organic matter in the Mediterranean, bacteria may be buried within a specific deposition horizon. Subsurface bacteria can utilize old and recalcitrant organic matter, but only very slowly, and they seem to have a strategy of high biomass and low growth rate, commensurate with their geological habitat of generally low energy flux. Received, March 1999/Revised, August 1999/Accepted, November 1999  相似文献   

A bacterial pathogen infecting gametophytes of Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)     

彭艳婷  李伟 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(2):366-373

A newly identified bacterial disease of kelp(Saccharina japonica) gametophytes was found in clone cultures.It is characterized by swollen gametophyte cells in the early period of infection followed by filamentous fading.An alginolytic marine bacterium referred to as A-1 was isolated from the diseased gametophytes.On the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing and morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics,the bacterium was identified as a strain of the genus Alteromonas.By testing Koch’s postulates,Alteromonas sp.A-1 was further confirmed as the pathogen.The infection process was also investigated using both scanning electron and light microscopy.  相似文献   

Optimization of culture conditions and medium composition for the marine algicidal bacterium Alteromonas sp. DH46 by uniform design     

LIN Jing  ZHENG Wei  TIAN Yun  WANG Guizhong  ZHENG Tianling 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,12(3):385-391

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have led to extensive ecological and environmental issues and huge economic losses. Various HAB control techniques have been developed, and biological methods have been paid more attention. Algicidal bacteria is a general designation for bacteria which inhibit algal growth in a direct or indirect manner, and kill or damage the algal cells. A metabolite which is strongly toxic to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was produced by strain DH46 of the alga-lysing bacterium Alteromonas sp. The culture conditions were optimized using a single-factor test method. Factors including carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, initial pH value, rotational speed and salinity were studied. The results showed that the cultivation of the bacteria at 28°C and 180 r min^?1 with initial pH 7 and 30 salt contcentration favored both the cell growth and the lysing effect of strain DH46. The optimal medium composition for strain DH46 was determined by means of uniform design experimentation, and the most important components influencing the cell density were tryptone, yeast extract, soluble starch, NaNO₃ and MgSO₄. When the following culture medium was used (tryptone 14.0g, yeast extract 1.63g, soluble starch 5.0 g, NaNO₃ 1.6 g, MgSO₄ 2.3 g in 1L), the largest bacterial dry weight (7.36 g L^?1) was obtained, which was an enhancement of 107% compared to the initial medium; and the algal lysis rate was as high as 98.4% which increased nearly 10% after optimization.  相似文献   

Expression profiles of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their regulation by Relish     

王冬冬  李富花  李诗豪  温荣  相建海 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(4):611-619

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具有多种胞外酶的对虾肠道黏附菌的分离和鉴定     

刘慧玲  罗鹏  杨世平  李广聪  莫嘉文  王蔚 《广东海洋大学学报》2012,(3):1-5

用对虾饲料培养基从健康凡纳滨对虾肠道分离出500株黏附细菌,以产淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶能力为指标,筛选出产该3种消化酶的细菌90株,占总菌株的18%.对其中生长较快的69株进行16S rDNA 基因测序,确定其分类地位.结果显示,69株菌分别属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、利斯顿氏菌属(Listonella)、莫拉氏菌属(Moraxella)等,其中数量最多是芽胞杆菌属,占鉴定细菌总数的53.62%,数量最少是气单胞菌属和嗜盐单胞菌属,均占鉴定细菌总数的2.90%.表明对虾肠道黏附菌群中具有较多能分泌多种消化酶的细菌,可进一步开发为促进对虾消化功能的益生菌  相似文献