The Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic Carbon Cycle Promoted the Evolution of a Habitable Earth     

LIU Zhicheng  ZHANG Lifei 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(1):316-326

The carbon cycle is an important process that regulates Earth’s evolution. We compare two typical periods, in the Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic, in which many geological events occurred. It remains an open question when modern plate tectonics started on Earth and how it has influenced the carbon cycle through time. In the Paleoproterozoic, intense weathering in a highly CO₂ and CH₄ rich atmosphere caused more nutritional elements to be carried into the ocean.Terrestri...  相似文献   

Mg同位素示踪中国东部中生代深部碳循环     

段先哲  牛苏娟  李赛  李南  孙浩然  郭聪  肖文舟  隋清霖  冯鹏  贺海洋 《地质论评》2022,68(3):2022062029-2022062029

地球深部碳循环对全球气候变化、生命探索和岩石圈演化的研究具有重要意义。中国东部岩石圈是地球深部碳循环的重要场所,其减薄与破坏与深部碳循环密切相关。中生代太平洋板块俯冲是制约中国东部岩石圈减薄与破坏的关键,对华北克拉通和华南板块的大规模金属成矿作用具有重要作用。笔者等系统阐述了Mg示踪地球深部碳循环原理,例举了镁同位素示踪中国东部深部碳循环的实例,论述了中生代俯冲的古太平洋板块所释放的碳酸盐熔体/流体与地幔相互作用,是造成中国东部地幔具有普遍的轻Mg同位素组成的重要原因。此外,指出轻镁同位素的多解性,提出多同位素联合示踪是未来研究地球深部碳循环的趋势。  相似文献   

Mg同位素示踪中国东部中生代深部碳循环     

段先哲  牛苏娟  李赛  李南  孙浩然  郭聪  肖文舟  隋清霖  冯鹏  贺海洋 《地质论评》2022,68(4):1345-1360

地球深部碳循环对全球气候变化、生命探索和岩石圈演化的研究具有重要意义。中国东部岩石圈是地球深部碳循环的重要场所,其减薄与破坏与深部碳循环密切相关。中生代太平洋板块俯冲是制约中国东部岩石圈减薄与破坏的关键,对华北克拉通和华南板块的大规模金属成矿作用具有重要作用。笔者等系统阐述了Mg示踪地球深部碳循环原理,例举了镁同位素示踪中国东部深部碳循环的实例,论述了中生代俯冲的古太平洋板块所释放的碳酸盐熔体/流体与地幔相互作用,是造成中国东部地幔具有普遍的轻Mg同位素组成的重要原因。此外,指出轻镁同位素的多解性,提出多同位素联合示踪是未来研究地球深部碳循环的趋势。  相似文献   

Significant duration predictive models developed from strong-motion data of thrust-faulting earthquakes recorded in Mexico City     

Alhelí S. Lpez-Castaeda  Eduardo Reinoso 《地震工程与结构动力学》2022,51(1):129-152

Predictive models for estimating strong-motion duration in sites characterized by soft-soil profiles are presented in this paper. The models were developed using a strong-motion database that includes observations from subduction interface earthquakes that occurred from 1989 to 2020 and recorded in Mexico City, which is located at source-to-site distances up to 600 km. A linear mixed-effects regression model, which is a statistical fitting procedure that allows to consider the correlation structure of grouped data, was used to develop the predictive models. Relative significant duration was selected to measure strong-motion duration. This measure can be directly associated with the accumulation of energy of the ground movement. The proposed predictive models relate relative significant duration with moment magnitude, either hypocentral distance or closest distance to the rupture plane, and dominant period of the soil. Regression analyses were performed grouping the ground-motion data by both seismic event and site class. Model assumptions, such as homoscedasticity, normality, and linearity of effects, were verified from residual analyses. From the results, the expected value of the natural logarithm of relative significant duration was found to be ～1.2 times greater for an earthquake with a moment magnitude equal to 8.0 than for one of 6.0. An insightful discussion about the sources and character of the uncertainties detected in the proposed predictive models is also presented in this study. The predictive models proposed in this paper are of valuable application in seismic and structural engineering because they allow to circumscribe properly the dimension and randomness of strong-motion duration.  相似文献   

俯冲带深海-岩石圈流体交换及其效应     

邢会林  王建超  逄硕  王瑞泽  刘冬豫  马子涵  张愉玲  谭玉阳 《地学前缘》2022,29(5):246-254

俯冲带是地球上构造活动最复杂、最强烈的区域,也是地球物质循环系统的重要组成部分,对俯冲带的深入研究有助于加深我们对地球系统科学的认识。通过系统地梳理分析国内外相关文献,大洋岩石圈通过在汇聚板块边界的俯冲将大量水带入到地幔中,并对俯冲带地震的发生、地幔的熔融、岩浆的产生、陆壳的形成乃至矿产资源富集都起到了重要的控制作用。弧前隆起区的岩石圈地幔在顺断层渗透的深海水作用下发生强烈水化作用并形成水化地幔,是水富集在岩石圈的主要方式之一。随着俯冲板片深度的增加,在一定的温压条件下,水化地幔(蛇纹岩)发生脱水相变,引发俯冲带中源地震。脱出的水则由于运移的差异,既可以产生板内的水压致裂,也会影响俯冲界面的耦合,进而导致慢滑移地震区的形成。由此可见,俯冲带地区深海-岩石圈流体交换及其在深部的效应是一个包含化学反应-温度-流体流动-应力变形/破坏的多物理场耦合的复杂动力学系统。然而,目前的相关研究工作主要侧重于对其中某个因素、现象或者某个特定条件下具体过程的探索性观测分析研究。因此,我们需要从地球系统科学的角度出发,将流体运移、化学反应与传统的固体地球研究相结合,着眼于多学科交叉的多场耦合动力学综合研究,对俯冲带地区深海-岩石圈流体交换及其效应进行多时空尺度定量化表征和分析。  相似文献   

Final-stage Southward Subduction of the Eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean: Evidence from the Middle Permian Mafic Intrusions in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton     

JING Yan  GE Wenchun  DONG Yu  YANG Hao  JI Zheng  BI Junhui  ZHOU Hongying  XING Dehe 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(1):81-99

The northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC)contains widespread Permian magmatic rocks,but the origin of these rocks remains controversial.This uncertainty hampers us from better understanding of tectonic framework and evolution of the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean,particularly with respect to its final-stage subduction and closure time.To address these questions,this study presents petrological,zircon U-Pb geochronological,whole-rock geochemical and in situ zircon Hf isotopic data for these Permian mafic intrusions in the northern margin of the NCC.Precise zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that these mafic intrusions were emplaced in the Middle Permian(ca.260 Ma).Geochemically,the studied mafic intrusions have high MgO and transition metals element contents,with high Mg^# values,indicating a mantle origin.These mafic intrusions are characterized by enrichments in large ion lithophile elements(LILEs;e.g.,Rb,Ba,and K)and light rare earth elements(LREEs),and depletions in high field strength elements(HFSEs;e.g.,Nb,Ta,and Ti)and heavy rare earth elements(HREEs),indicating that they were formed in a subduction-related setting.These geochemical features,together with zircon ε_Hf(t)values(-1.1 to+11.2),indicate that their parental magmas were derived from partial melting of heterogeneous mantle wedge metasomatized by subduction-related fluids,with the contributions of slab sediments.The studied mafic intrusions also show wide range of major and trace elements contents,and variable Mg^# values,Eu and Sr anomalies,suggesting that their parental magmas had undergone variable degrees of fractional crystallization.Together with the E-W trending Permian continental arc along the northern margin of the NCC,we confirm that the generation of the Middle Permian mafic intrusions was related to southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic lithosphere beneath the NCC and the Paleo-Asian Ocean had not closed prior to the Middle Permian.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Late Cretaceous–Paleocene Granites from the Tengchong Block, Western Yunnan: Implications for Angle-switching of Subducting Slab     

CHEN Xijie  MENG Yuanku  CAI Zhihui  LI Huaqi  LIU Xiaojia 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(5):1600-1614

The Cenozoic geological hallmark of Western Yunnan is the characteristic voluminous Late Cretaceous-Eocene granites; however, their geological background and petrogenesis have not been well constrained and elucidated. In this study, we present new zircon U-Pb dating, along with geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data for granites from the Tengchong–Lianghe granitoid belt (as abbreviated to Tengliang belt) and West Yingjiang batholiths from the Tengchong block. The mineralogical and geochemical features of the Tengliang granites and the West Yingjiang batholiths are ascribed to aluminous S-type granites and weak peraluminous I-type, respectively. Zircon U-Pb analyses yielded consistent ages ranging from 67.5 Ma, 68.4 Ma and 66.2 Ma from the Tengliang granitoid belt and 50.4 Ma to 60.8 Ma for three samples from the west Yingjiang batholiths. The Tengliang granites were emplaced during the Late Cretaceous (68?66 Ma) and demonstrate negative εHf(t) values (?24 to ?4) and initial?87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7101–0.7139 and significant negative εNd(t) values from ?8.91 to ?13.2, indicating a Proterozoic sedimentary source or enriched components. The hornblende-bearing I-type granites from West Yingjiang are characterized by lower initial?87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7076–0.7106, compared to Tengliang granite and negative whole-rock εNd(t) values from ?4.0 to ?11.9. The early Eocene west Yingjiang gneissic granites show wide ranges of εHf(t) values from +7.4 to ?8.5 and T2DM of 1.30–0.65 Ga, indicating partial melting of ancient crust with contributions of depleted mantle materials. In combination with the regional background and previous studies, we propose that such a spatio-temporal distribution of the Tengchong granitoid belt might be related to the rollback or angle-switching of the Neo-Tethyan subducting slab. This study sheds new light on the evolutionary history of the Tengchong block.  相似文献   

A Preliminary study on deep geodynamic process of Xar Moron tectonic belt in eastern Central Asia Orogenic BeltSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

宋时雨  田博雅  李庆洋  徐备 《岩石学报》2023,(5):1293-1304

板块汇聚边缘的陆壳厚度变化与构造和岩浆过程的动态相互作用有着错综复杂的联系,也是对深部地球动力学背景的直接响应。西拉木伦构造带是中亚造山带东部重要的汇聚板块边界,查明其浅部构造变形及深部动力学过程对于理解中亚造山带构造演化具有重要意义。本文通过野外地质工作查明晚二叠世-早三叠世西拉木伦构造带的上地壳发育一系列北东向、轴面向南东倾的宽缓褶皱以及向南东逆冲的断层,变形样式属于薄皮构造,显示出由北西向南东挤压的单向构造应力背景,平衡剖面恢复显示此时期构造变形造成地表~30%的缩短以及~4km的浅部地壳增厚。利用林西地区火成岩全岩La/Yb比值和锆石Eu/Eu*参数构建的年龄-地壳厚度曲线揭示,二叠纪早-中期地壳厚度从49km连续减薄到33km,反映此时期整体处于伸展环境。二叠纪晚期至三叠纪初期,地壳厚度增加了~15km,峰值厚度达~48km,这个迅速的地壳增厚过程可能是岩浆作用导致的地壳垂向增生和构造作用产生的造山带物质堆叠综合作用的结果。本文根据构造带同汇聚期岩浆岩面积和地壳厚度估算造山作用形成了~11%的新生陆壳。同时,两个时期的深部壳幔相互作用方式也有不同,二叠纪早期西拉木伦构造带火成岩锆石的εHf(t)值相对较高(6.1~19.9;均值10.1),δ^(18 )O值较分散(5.1‰~8.3‰),指示岩浆在形成过程中有幔源物质的加入,示踪了林西地区深部与软流圈上涌有关的伸展过程;而晚二叠世至三叠纪初期花岗岩锆石εHf(t)值相对下降(-1.1~17.2;均值9.3),δ^(18 )O值仍高于幔源值(>5.9‰),揭示同源地幔岩浆的持续重融改造过程。综合沉积环境、地壳厚度变化、岩浆岩同位素变化、地壳增生量及地表单向构造应力背景等特征,本文提出西拉木伦构造带可能经历了地幔俯冲;而早-中二叠世的软流圈上涌和晚二叠世-早三叠世的下地壳及岩石圈地幔密度增大,可能是发生地幔俯冲的深部地球动力学原因。  相似文献   

Age and petrogenesis of late Mesozoic intrusions in the Huoluotai porphyry Cu-(Mo) deposit,northeast China: Implications for regional tectonic evolution     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101344

Multi-stage igneous rocks developed in the recently discovered Huoluotai Cu-(Mo) deposit provide new insights into the controversial late Mesozoic geodynamic evolution of the northern segment of the Great Xing’an Range (NSGXR). Zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the monzogranite, ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry, diorite porphyry, and granite porphyry in the deposit were emplaced at 179.5 ± 1.6, 148.9 ± 0.9, 146.1 ± 1.3, and 142.2 ± 1.5 Ma, respectively. The Re-Os dating of molybdenite yielded an isochron age of 146.9 ± 2.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.27). The Jurassic adakitic monzogranite and granodiorite porphyry are characterized by high SiO₂ and Na₂O contents, low K₂O/Na₂O ratios, low MgO, Cr, and Ni contents, low zircon ε_Hf(t) values relative to depleted mantle, and relatively high Th contents. They were produced by partial melting of a subducted oceanic slab, with involvement of marine sediments in the magma source and limited interaction with mantle peridotites during magma ascent. The Late Jurassic diorite porphyry is characterized by moderate SiO₂ contents, high MgO, Cr, and Ni contents, and positive dominated ε_Hf(t) values, indicating it was produced by partial melting of a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle wedge and underwent limited crustal contamination during magma ascent. The early Early Cretaceous adakitic granite porphyry shows high SiO₂ and K₂O contents and K₂O/Na₂O ratios, low MgO, Cr, and Ni contents, enriched Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, and slightly positive zircon ε_Hf(t) values, suggesting it was produced by partial melting of thickened mafic lower crust. The NSGXR experienced a tectonic history that involved flat-slab subduction (200–160 Ma), and tearing and collapse (150–145 Ma) of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic lithosphere. The period of magmatic quiescence from ca. 160 to 150 Ma was a response to flat-slab subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic lithosphere. Crustal thickening in the NSGXR (145–133 Ma) was due to the collision between the Amuria Block and the Siberian Craton.  相似文献   

Co-development of Jurassic I-type and A-type granites in southern Hunan,South China: Dual control by plate subduction and intraplate mantle upwelling     

Hua Kong  Huan Li  Qian-Hong Wu  Xiao-Shuang Xi  Jeffrey M. Dick  Jillian Aira S. Gabo-Ratio 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2018,78(4):500-520

Two types of spatially and temporally associated Jurassic granitic rocks, I-type and A-type, occur as pluton pairs in several locations in southern Hunan Province, South China. This paper aims to investigate the genetic relationships and tectonic mechanisms of the co-development of distinct granitic rocks through petrological, geochemical and geochronological studies. Zircon LA-ICPMS dating results yielded concordant U–Pb ages ranging from 180 to 148 Ma for the Baoshan and Tongshanling I-type granodiorites, and from 180 to 158 Ma for the counterpart Huangshaping and Tuling A-type granites. Petrologically, the I-type granodiorites consist of mafic minerals such as hornblende whereas the A-type granites are dominated by felsic minerals (e.g., quartz, K-feldspar and plagioclase). Major and trace element analyses indicate that the I-type granodiorites have relatively low SiO₂ (64.5–71.0%) and relatively high TiO₂ (0.28–0.51%), Al₂O₃ (13.8–15.5%), total FeO (2.3–4.7%), MgO (1.3–2.6%) and P₂O₅ (0.10–0.23%) contents, and the A-type granites are characterized by high concentrations of Rb (212–1499?ppm), Th (18.3–52.6?ppm), U (11.8–33.6?ppm), Ga (20.0–36.6?ppm), Y (27.1–134.0?ppm) and HREE (20.3–70.0?ppm), with pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*?=?0.01–0.15). Moreover, the I-type granodiorites are classified as collision-related granites emplaced under a compressional environment, whereas the A-type granites are within-plate granites generated in an extensional setting. Zircon Hf isotopic compositions vary substantially for these granitic rocks. The I-type granodiorites are characterized by relatively young Hf model ages (T_DM1?=?1065–1302 Ma, T_DM^C =1589–2061 Ma) and moderately negative εHf(t) values (–5.9 to –11.5), whereas the A-type granites have very old model ages (T_DM1?=?1454–2215 Ma, T_DM^C?=?2211–2974 Ma) and pronounced negative εHf(t) values (–15.8 to –28.3). These petrochemical and isotopic characteristics indicate that the I-type granodiorites may have been derived from a deep source involving mantle-derived juvenile (basaltic) and crustal (pelitic) components, whereas the A-type granites may have been sourced from melting of meta-greywacke in the crust. This study proposes that the pressure and temperature differences in the source regions caused by combined effects of intra-plate mantle upwelling and plate subduction are the major controlling factors of the co-development of the two different types of magmas. Crustal anatexis related to lithospheric delamination and upwelling of hot asthenosphere under a high pressure and temperature environment led to the formation of the I-type magmas. On the other hand, the A-type magmas were formed from melting of the shallower part of the crust, where extensional stress was dominant and mantle-crust interaction was relatively weak. Rifts and faults caused by mantle upwelling developed from surface to depth and successively became channels for the ascending I- and A-type magmas, resulting in the emplacement of magmas in adjacent areas from sources at different depths.  相似文献