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1.
In the framework of the 2004 reference seismic hazard map of Italy the amplitude of the strong-motion (expressed in terms
of Peak Horizontal Acceleration with 10% probability of non-exceedence in 50 years, referred to average hard ground conditions)
was computed using different predictive relationships. Equations derived in Italy and in Europe from strong-motion data, as
well as a set of weak and strong-motion based empirical predictive relationships were employed in a logic tree procedure,
in order to capture the epistemic uncertainty affecting ground-motion attenuation. This article describes the adjustments
and conversions required to eliminate the incompatibilities amongst the relations. Particularly significant are distance conversions
and style-of-faulting adjustments, as well as the problems related to the use of regional relations, such as the selection
of a reference depth, the quantification of random variability and the strong-motion prediction. Moreover, a regional attenuation
relationship specific for volcanic areas was also employed, allowing a more realistic evaluation of seismic hazard, as confirmed
by the attenuation of macroseismic intensities. 相似文献
2.
3.
Seismic moment, stress drop, source radius, and fault dislocation have been determined for nineteen significant earthquakes in the Konya area, India using displacement spectra of shear waves computed from strong-motion accelerograph records. Though the stress-drop shows a definite increasing trend with the seismic moment, its correlations with source radius and corner frequency indicate that a constant stress drop of 170 bars represents a good mean value to describe the source mechanism of the Koyna dam earthquakes. An empirical relationship also has been established between magnitude and seismic moment. 相似文献
4.
Calibration of the specific barrier model to Iranian plateau earthquakes and development of physically based attenuation relationships for Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. Zafarani M. Mousavi As. Noorzad A. Ansari 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(7):550-576
Earthquake ground-motion relationships for soil and rock sites in Iran have been developed based on the specific barrier model (SBM) used within the context of the stochastic modeling and calibrated against up-to-date Iranian strong-motion data. A total of 171 strong-motion accelerograms recorded at distances of up to 200 km from 24 earthquakes with moment magnitudes ranging from Mw 5.2 to 7.4 are used to determine the region-specific source parameters of this model. Regression analysis was conducted using the “random effects” methodology that considers both earthquake-to-earthquake (inter-event) variability and within-earthquake (intra-event) variability to effectively handle the problem of weighting observations from different earthquakes. The minimization of the error function in each iteration of the “random effects” procedure was performed using the genetic algorithm method. The residuals are examined against available Iranian strong-motion data to confirm that the model predictions are unbiased and that there are no significant residual trends with distance and magnitude. No evidence of self-similarity breakdown is observed between the source radius and its seismic moment. To verify the robustness of the results, tests were performed to confirm that the results are unchanged if the number of observations is changed by removing different randomly selected datasets from the original database. Stochastic simulations, using the derived SBM, are then performed to predict peak ground-motion and response spectra parameters for a wide range of magnitudes and distances. The stochastic SBM predictions agree well with the new empirical regression equations proposed for Iran, Europe and Middle East in the magnitude–distance ranges well represented by the data. It has been shown that the SBM of this study provides unbiased ground-motion estimates over the entire frequency range of most engineering interests (1–10 Hz) for the Iranian earthquakes. Our results are also important for the assessment of hazards in other seismically active environments in the Middle East and Mediterranean regions. 相似文献
5.
Maria C. Arango Fleur O. Strasser Julian J. Bommer Ruben Boroschek Diana Comte Hernando Tavera 《Journal of Seismology》2011,15(1):19-41
Earthquake hazard along the Peru–Chile subduction zone is amongst the highest in the world. The development of a database
of subduction-zone strong-motion recordings is, therefore, of great importance for ground-motion prediction in this region.
Accelerograms recorded by the different networks operators in Peru and Chile have been compiled and processed in a uniform
manner, and information on the source parameters of the causative earthquakes, fault-plane geometries and local site conditions
at the recording stations has been collected and reviewed to obtain high-quality metadata. The compiled database consists
of 98 triaxial ground-motion recordings from 15 subduction-type events with moment magnitudes ranging from 6.3 to 8.4, recorded
at 59 different sites in Peru and Chile, between 1966 and 2007. While the database presented in this study is not sufficient
for the derivation of a new predictive equation for ground motions from subduction events in the Peru–Chile region, it significantly
expands the global database of strong-motion data and associated metadata that can be used in the derivation of predictive
equations for subduction environments. Additionally, the compiled database will allow the assessment of existing predictive
models for subduction-type events in terms of their suitability for the Peru–Chile region, which directly influences seismic
hazard assessment in this region. 相似文献
6.
Seismic safety of high concrete dams 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Peak ground acceleration(PGA) estimation is an important task in earthquake engineering practice.One of the most well-known models is the Boore-Joyner-Fumal formula,which estimates the PGA using the moment magnitude,the site-to-fault distance and the site foundation properties.In the present study,the complexity for this formula and the homogeneity assumption for the prediction-error variance are investigated and an effi ciency-robustness balanced formula is proposed.For this purpose,a reduced-order Monte Carlo simulation algorithm for Bayesian model class selection is presented to obtain the most suitable predictive formula and prediction-error model for the seismic attenuation relationship.In this approach,each model class(a predictive formula with a prediction-error model) is evaluated according to its plausibility given the data.The one with the highest plausibility is robust since it possesses the optimal balance between the data fi tting capability and the sensitivity to noise.A database of strong ground motion records in the Tangshan region of China is obtained from the China Earthquake Data Center for the analysis.The optimal predictive formula is proposed based on this database.It is shown that the proposed formula with heterogeneous prediction-error variance is much simpler than the attenuation model suggested by Boore,Joyner and Fumal(1993). 相似文献
7.
地方震尾波由地壳横向不均匀性而产生的反向散射波组成。从这一观点出发,根据尾波随掠过时间的衰减特性,结合地震矩对数和地方震里克特地震级的线性关系,导出利用任一掠过时间的震尾来计算的尾波震级Mc公式。它的简化形式可以和持续时间震级的表达式近似一致。尾波震级可作为持续时间震级的一种广义形式,它是直接从震源地震矩导出的震级标度,从而为解释持续时间震级物理基础提供了可能的途径。应用于丹江地震台的资料,得到丹江口及邻区的尾波品质因子和介质函数以及地震矩对数和震级的期望关系,同时得到实用于该台的持续时间震级和简化尾波震级公式。 相似文献
8.
2020年7月12日发生了唐山古冶5.1级地震,其强震动影响波及京津唐地区,特别是北京城区也出现了强烈的震感。中国强震动观测台网、国家地震烈度速报台网及典型建筑结构地震反应观测台阵获得大量的强震动记录。这次地震震级不大,但为地震科学研究提供了较为丰富的信息。基于获得的地震影响信息,可开展以下方面的研究:①利用地震附近及区域范围内地震烈度速报台网的密集观测记录,开展地震影响烈度快速计算分析及台网功能可靠性检测;②利用北京和天津地区的强震动观测记录,探讨深厚覆盖土层和盆地场地地震动影响;③利用京津唐地区震中距至300 km的强震动观测记录,研究京津唐地区的地震动衰减特性;④利用北京城区的建筑结构地震反应观测台阵记录,分析典型工程结构地震反应特征;⑤其他,如场地土层参数和工程结构参数反演研究等。本文针对以上关注的问题,介绍了相关初步研究工作并开展了进一步探讨性分析研究,展示了唐山古冶5.1级地震影响的丰富信息和对相关研究的潜在推进作用。 相似文献
9.
An empirical predictive relationship correlating significant duration to earthquake magnitude, site-to-source distance, and local site conditions (i.e., rock vs. stiff soil) for stable continental regions is presented herein. The correlations were developed from data derived from 620 horizontal motions for stable continental regions (e.g., central and eastern North America: CENA), consisting of 28 recorded motions and 592 scaled motions. The data set encompasses the earthquake magnitude from 4.5 to 7.6 and the distance from 0.1 to 199 km. The non-linear mixed-effects regression technique was used to fit a predictive model to the significant duration data. Similar to the trend observed from active shallow crustal region motions, significant durations predicted for stable continental region motions increased with increasing earthquake magnitude and increasing site-to-source distance. In comparing the predicted durations for CENA motions with those for motions from active shallow crustal regions (e.g., western North America: WNA), it is shown that the differences in significant durations for the two regions are relatively minor for site-to-source distances less than about 100 km. Lastly, the significant durations predicted by the proposed model are shown to be in good agreement with durations of the motions recorded during the Mineral, Virginia earthquake of August 23, 2011. 相似文献
10.
An empirical spectral ground-motion model for Iran 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
A new ground-motion prediction equation for 5%-damped horizontal spectral acceleration applicable to Iran is presented. On
the basis of analysis of variance (ANOVA), selected West-Eurasian records are added to an existing dataset of Iranian accelerometric
data to yield a ground-motion prediction equation applicable at wider ranges of magnitude and distance. The advantages of
using this model rather than those proposed previously for Iran are discussed by considering the distribution of residuals
against the explanatory variables, magnitude and distance. The applicability of the proposed model, as well as those of several
other models developed for shallow crustal environments, is also investigated by means of statistical tools. The results reveal
the overall suitability of the new model as well as the validity of models developed using mainly Eurasian strong-motion records.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
11.
Elisa Zambonelli Rita de Nardis Luisa Filippi Mario Nicoletti Mauro Dolce 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(1):39-65
On April 6, 2009, the town of L’Aquila in the Abruzzo region (central Italy) was struck by a seismic event at 01:32 (UTC),
of magnitude MW = 6.3. The mainshock was followed by a long period of intense seismic activity and within seven days after the mainshock
there were seven events of magnitude MW ≥ 5 that occurred from April 6 to April 13. This long seismic sequence was characterized by a complex rupture mechanism that
involved two major normal faults of the central Apennines: the Paganica and the Gorzano faults. The strong-motions of the
mainshock were recorded by 64 stations of the Italian Strong-motion Network (RAN) operated by the National Civil Protection
Department (DPC). Six stations of a local strong-motion array were working in NW L’Aquila suburb area. One of them, located
at about 6 km from the Paganica fault surface tip-line, set up in trigger mode, recorded continuously for more than 20 min
the mainshock and the aftershocks. Besides the mainshock, the RAN stations recorded in total 78 foreshocks and aftershocks
of ML ≥ 3.5, during the period from January to December 2009. The corresponding waveforms provide the most extensive digital strong
ground motion data set ever recorded in Italy. Moreover, the 48 three-component observations of events of magnitude MW ≥ 5, recorded at a distance less than 15 km from each of the major involved faults, provide a significant increasing of near-field
records available for the Italian territory. Six days after the mainshock, the strong-motion dataset, referred to preliminary
locations of the events with ML ≥ 4.0, was made available on the DPC web site () and at the same time it was delivered to the ITACA database (). This dataset has been used by many authors in scientific papers and by engineers, geophysicists and geologists for professional
technical works. In this paper, the present-day available strong-motion signals from the L’Aquila sequence and the performance
of the Italian strong-motion network in terms of the number and quality of recorded data, the geometry and data transmission
system are described. In addition the role of the temporary network that represents an extension of the permanent Italian
strong-motion network, supporting the emergency response by civil protection authorities and improving the network coverage
has been evaluated. 相似文献
12.
This study investigates the correlation properties of integral ground-motion intensity measures (IMs) from Italian strong-motion records. The considered integral IMs include 5–95% significant duration, Housner intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, and Arias intensity. Both IM spatial correlation and the correlation between different integral and amplitude-based IMs (i.e., cross-IM correlation) are addressed in this study. To this aim, a new Italian ground-motion model (GMM) with spatial correlation for integral IMs is first introduced. Based on the newly developed GMM, the empirical correlation coefficients from interevent and intraevent residuals are investigated and various analytical correlation models between integral IMs and amplitude-based IMs are proposed. The effective range parameter representing spatial correlation properties and the trend in the cross-IM correlations are compared with existing models in the literature. The variability of the effective range parameters with respect to event-specific features is also discussed. Modeling ground-motion spatial and cross-IM correlations is an important step in seismic hazard and risk assessment of spatially distributed systems. Investigating region-specific correlation properties based on Italian strong-motion records is of special interest as several correlation models have been developed based on global datasets, often lacking earthquakes in extensional regions such as Italy. 相似文献
13.
介绍了"Collectors强震动台网数据处理系统软件"的整体设计思路和功能模块的实现过程,统计了近2年所接入的近千个强震动台站的数据汇集及产出情况,重点统计了近2年云南、四川、新疆发生的5.0级及以上地震的地震事件记录回收及强震动参数产出的用时情况。结果表明:系统软件能7×24 h连续、稳定、可靠、高效地自动化运行,在处置地震事件时,一般能在2~10 min内陆续完成地震事件的自动回收和强震动参数的自动产出,速报能力由软件推广前的小时级别跃升至分钟级别。 相似文献
14.
Reference database for seismic ground-motion in Europe (RESORCE) 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
S. Akkar M. A. Sandıkkaya M. Şenyurt A. Azari Sisi B. Ö. Ay P. Traversa J. Douglas F. Cotton L. Luzi B. Hernandez S. Godey 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(1):311-339
This paper presents the overall procedure followed in order to assemble the most recent pan-European strong-motion databank: Reference Database for Seismic Ground-Motion in Europe (RESORCE). RESORCE is one of the products of the SeIsmic Ground Motion Assessment (SIGMA; projet-sigma.com) project. RESORCE is intended to be a single integrated accelerometric databank for Europe and surrounding areas for use in the development and testing of ground-motion models and for other engineering seismology and earthquake engineering applications. RESORCE aims to contribute to the improvement of earthquake risk studies in Europe and surrounding areas. RESORCE principally updates and extends the previous pan-European strong-motion databank (Ambraseys et al. in Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata 45:113–129, 2004a) with recently compiled Greek, Italian, Swiss and Turkish accelerometric archives. The updates also include earthquake-specific studies published in recent years. The current content of RESORCE includes 5,882 multi-component and uniformly processed accelerograms from 1,814 events and 1,540 strong-motion stations. The moment magnitude range covered by RESORCE is $2.8 \le \hbox {M}_{\mathrm{w}} \le 7.8$ . The source-to-site distance interval extends to 587 km and distance information is given by the common point- and extended-source distance measures. The paper presents the current features of RESORCE through simple statistics that also quantify the differences in metadata and strong-motion processing with respect to the previous version of the pan-European strong-motion databank. 相似文献
15.
A cloud method for generating percentile engineering demand parameter versus intensity measure(EDP-IM) curves of a structure subjected to a set of synthetic ground motions is presented. To this end, an ensemble of synthetic ground motions based on available real ones is generated. This is done by using attenuation relationships, duration and suitable Gutenberg-Richter relations attributed to the considered seismic hazard at a given site by estimating a suitable distribution of magnitude and site to source distance. The study aims to clarify the significance of the duration and frequency content on the seismic performance of structures, which were not considered in developing percentile incremental dynamic analysis(IDA) curves. The collapse probabilities of two steel moment-resisting frames with different ductility levels generated by IDA and the proposed cloud method are compared at different intensity levels. When compared with conventional IDA, the suggested cloud analysis(SCA) methodology with the same run number of dynamic analyses was able to develop response hazard curves that were more consistent with site-specific seismic hazards. Eliminating the need to find many real records by generating synthetic records consistent with site-specific seismic hazards from a few available recorded ground motions is another advantage of using this scheme over the IDA method.. 相似文献
16.
对日本K-net和KiK-net台网中6 466条浅壳与上地幔地震动记录进行了统计分析,考虑四种场地类别分别建立了浅壳与上地幔地震的加速度谱阻尼修正系数模型,并利用随机效应模型将模型总残差分离为事件间残差、事件内残差（分为场地间残差和场地内残差）,计算其相应的标准差,探究地震震源、路径、场地等因素对模型误差的影响。研究结果显示:所提出的模型能较好地拟合实际计算值,其随机误差整体随谱周期和阻尼比的增大而增大;震源效应导致的随机误差在谱周期小于2.0 s时小于其它效应;在大部分谱周期上,场地效应导致的随机误差小于路径效应及其它效应;事件间残差与震源和震源深度显著相关,场地内残差与震源距显著相关。 相似文献
17.
This paper examines the distribution of seismic drift demands in multi-storey steel moment frames designed to the provisions of Eurocode 8, with due account of the frequency content of ground motion. After providing an overview of current design rules, selected results from a detailed parametric investigation into inelastic drift demands are presented and discussed. The study includes extensive incremental dynamic analyses covering a wide range of structural characteristics and a large suite of ground motion records. The mean period is adopted in this work as a measure of the frequency content of ground motion. Prediction models for maximum global and inter-storey drift demands are presented and shown to be primarily affected by the fundamental-to-mean period ratio and the behaviour factor. Particular attention is given in this paper to the influence of the relative storey stiffness ratio on the distribution of drift demands over the height of the structure. In order to achieve a comparatively uniform drift distribution, a target relative storey stiffness ratio, incorporating the structural and ground motion characteristics, is proposed for design purposes. Finally, the implications of the findings on typical design procedures are highlighted, and possible improvements in codified guidance are discussed. 相似文献
18.
This paper is concerned with modeling earthquake-induced ground accelerations and the simulation of the dynamic response of linear structures through the principles of stochastic dynamics. A fully evolutionary approach, with nonstationarity both in amplitude and in frequency content, is proposed in order to define the seismic action, based on seismological information in the form of a small number of input parameters commonly available in deterministic or probabilistic seismic design situations. The signal is obtained by filtering a Gaussian white-noise. The finite duration and time-varying amplitude properties are obtained by using a suitable envelope function. By utilizing a subset of the records from the PEER-NGA strong-motion database, and time-series analysis tools extended to nonstationary processes, the key transfer-function properties, in terms of circular frequency, damping ratio and spectral intensity factor, are identified. A regression analysis is conducted for practical and flexible application of this model, in order to empirically relate the identified time-varying parameters of the filter to the characteristics defining earthquake scenarios such as magnitude, rupture distance and soil type. A validation study and a parametric investigation using elastic response spectra is also included. Results show that the final seismic model can reproduce, with satisfactory accuracy, the characteristics of acceleration records in a region, over a broad range of response periods. 相似文献
19.
Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) for inelastic displacement and ductility demands of constant-strength SDOF systems 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The objective of this paper is to present ground-motion prediction equations for ductility demand and inelastic spectral displacement
of constant-strength perfectly elasto-plastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillators. Empirical equations have been developed
to compute the ductility demand as a function of two earthquake parameters; moment magnitude, and source-to-site distance;
one site parameter, the ground type; and three oscillator parameters, an undamped natural period, critical damping ratio,
and the mass-normalized yield strength. In addition, a comparative study of the proposed model with selected previous studies
and recommendations of Eurocode 8 is presented. Proposed equations can easily be incorporated in existing probabilistic seismic
hazard analysis (PSHA) software packages with the introduction of an additional parameter. This leads to hazard curves for
inelastic spectral displacement, which can provide better estimates of target displacement for nonlinear static procedures
and an efficient intensity measure for probabilistic seismic demand analysis (PSDA). Proposed equations will be useful in
performance evaluation of existing structures. 相似文献
20.
本文根据地震波衰减特性,开展了利用宽频带地震波形数据测定地震波能量ES和能量震级Me的方法研究。利用震中距处于20°—98°范围内的宽频带远震P波波形数据,测定了4次国外和4次国内中强震的能量震级Me,并对其面波震级MS、矩震级MW及能量震级Me进行了分析对比。结果表明:面波震级MS表示的是地震在某一固定频率所辐射的地震波能量大小;矩震级MW与地震所产生的断层长度、断层宽度、震源破裂的平均位错量等静态构造效应密切相关;而能量震级Me反映的是震源动态特征,与地震震源的动力学特性密切相关。由于地震是以地震波形式辐射,能量主要集中在震源谱的拐角频率附近,因此能量震级Me更适合描述地震的破坏性。由此可见,联合测定面波震级MS,矩震级MW和能量震级Me对于地震定量研究以及地震灾害与风险评估具有重要作用。 相似文献