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141.
The objective of this study is to investigate pollen-vegetation relationship in the Qilian Mountains. The eastern Qilian Mountains are located in the transitional zone of the Tibetan Plateau, the Loess Plateau and the arid region of Northwest China, which is one of the key areas of global environmental change. A total of 13 surface pollen samples from main vegetation have been collected. Pollen percentages were calculated in all samples. In order to reveal the relationship between pollen composition and the vegetation types from which the soil samples have been collected, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) ordination method was employed on the pollen data. The results show that dominating vegetation types can be recognized by their pollen spectra: Picea crassifolia forest, alpine shrub and alpine meadow as well. Altitude and temperature determine the distribution of the surface pollen and the vegetation. The good agreement between modern vegetation and surface samples across this area provides a measure of the reliability of using pollen data to reconstruct paleoenvironment and paleovegetation patterns in this or other similar regions. However the loss of Betula pollen in forest needs further investigation. Pollen oxidation is the most important factor contributing to the damage of modern pollen in the study area. Pollen concentrations decrease with the increase of pH values of soils, and decrease sharply when the pH exceeds 7.6.  相似文献   
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A general tomographic technique is designed in order (i) to operate in anisotropic media; (ii) to account for the uneven seismic sampling and (iii) to handle massive data sets in a reasonable computing time. One modus operandi to compute a 3-D body wave velocity model relies on surface wave phase velocity measurements. An intermediate step, shared by other approaches, consists in translating, for each period of a given mode branch, the phase velocities integrated along ray paths into local velocity perturbations. To this end, we develop a method, which accounts for the azimuthal anisotropy in its comprehensive form. The weakly non-linear forward problem allows to use a conjugate gradient optimization. The Earth's surface is regularly discretized and the partial derivatives are assigned to the individual grid points. Possible lack of lateral resolution, due to the inescapable uneven ray path coverage, is taken into account through the a priori covariances on parameters with laterally variable correlation lengths. This method allows to efficiently separate the 2ψ and the 4ψ anisotropic effects from the isotropic perturbations. Fundamental mode and overtone phase velocity maps, derived with real Rayleigh wave data sets, are presented and compared with previous maps. The isotropic models concur well with the results of Trampert & Woodhouse. Large 4ψ heterogeneities are located in the tectonically active regions and over the continental lithospheres such as North America, Antarctica or Australia. At various periods, a significant 4ψ signature is correlated with the Hawaii hotspot track. Finally, concurring with the conclusions of Trampert & Woodhouse, our phase velocity maps show that Rayleigh wave data sets do need both 2ψ and 4ψ anisotropic terms.  相似文献   
146.
初至折射波静校正技术在复杂探区地震数据处理中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
山区及黄土塬地区近地表结构复杂,地形起伏大、低降速带横向变化剧烈,地震资料处理中的静校正难度加大。长波长静校正容易引起构造形态畸变,短波长静校正影响地震剖面信噪比。针对此类问题,从长波长静校正问题及短波长地表非一致性问题分析入手,提出部分炮检距叠加识别长波长静校正技术及分段统计逼近地表非一致性校正技术。该技术在复杂地表区与其它相关技术综合应用,可有效解决长、短波长静校正问题。  相似文献   
147.
A comparative tectonic quiescence and lack of earthquakes make the stable centres of continents attractive for siting long-term radioactive waste storage facilities. The low rates of deformation in such regions, however, make it difficult to characterize their long-term seismotectonic behaviour, leading to uncertain estimates for the very low probability hazard estimates required by society. In an attempt to overcome the deficiency of both contemporary seismicity and paleoseismic data in central Canada, we have used earthquake histories from regions with similar seismotectonic characteristics from around the world. Substituting space for time, we estimate a long-term rate per 106 km2 of 0.004 magnitude ≥6 earthquakes per annum, of which 33–100% might rupture to the surface.  相似文献   
148.
中国近海及邻近海域高精度高分辨率海面高的确定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用新的海潮模型(NAO99B)更为合理的共线方法和交叠平差技术,有效改善了ERM数据的径向轨道误差和时变海面高的影响,提高了浅海海域测高数据的测高精度。  相似文献   
149.
我国西部部分地区1∶5万地形图数据尚未完成,给区域和国家经济发展带来极大不便。空间技术、计算机技术和信息技术的高速发展为遥感技术应用提供了技术支持,高分辨率影像获取能力的提高为大比例尺地物特征的提取提供了数据可能。本文采用SPOT5遥感影像,以1∶5万地形图图式标准为依据,进行青藏高原其香错地区地物判读,结果表明SPOT5能基本满足1∶5万地形图制图要求。为进一步提高判读结果,可采用多时相、多分辨率影像进行1∶5万地形图地物判读。  相似文献   
150.
探地雷达在吉林西部地区探测土壤碱化层   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
吉林西部盐碱地区的探地雷达调查表明,盐碱地与耕地土的雷达回波具有明显差别,根据振幅的衰减特征可以精确区分耕地与盐碱地,根据频谱中高频峰值与土壤有机质含量的相关性可定性评价土壤的盐碱化程度.在雷达瞬时振幅图上,可将盐碱地纵向剖面分为盐分积累带和过渡带.采用探地雷达方法可快速了解盐碱化程度在深度方向上的变化,适宜开展大面积地面调查.  相似文献   
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