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11.
Wael R. Abdellah Haitham M. Ahmed Mohammed A. Hefni 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2019,14(1):41-51
Stope stability is a key factor for the success of a mining operation. To optimise ore productivity while maintaining stope stability, the mining block/stope must be extracted in stages. Ore dilution will occur if the stope is not properly excavated/blasted. This study examines stope stability during mining in three stages, where the height of each stage stope is 10 m. The paper also presents simulation analysis of a typical steeply dipping tabular orebody at 1200 m depth below the surface, which is common in many Canadian underground hard rock mines. Numerical modelling analysis was conducted using the finite element program, RS2D, where the non-linear elasto-plastic Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion was adopted. The rock reinforcement system (i.e. cable bolts) was modelled/installed in the stope footwall after each mining stage to strengthen access drifts and stabilise the rock mass around the stope that was disturbed by mining activity. Results are discussed in terms of depth of failure zones, total deformation and axial forces in cable bolts with respect to mining stage. 相似文献
12.
A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Total and Effective Stresses in Submerged Backfilled Stopes 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The determination of the stress state in backfilled stopes is an important step for assessing the behaviour of mine openings
and for designing barricades. Most previous analyses have considered only the 2D case (plane strain condition) and neglected
the effect of pore water pressure. In this paper, a three-dimensional solution is proposed for totally or partly submerged
backfill. The new solution gives the normal stresses along the vertical and horizontal axes, with the effect of a surface
load on the backfill. The solution is validated using laboratory experimental results taken from the literature. The good
agreement obtained between the proposed analytical solution and laboratory test results indicates that this new solution provides
a realistic evaluation for both the total and effective stresses in vertical backfilled stopes. 相似文献
13.
鄂尔多斯盆地北东部纳岭沟铀矿床是近年来发现的大型砂岩型铀矿床。与国内外典型层间氧化带型铀矿床明显不同,纳岭沟铀矿床不仅矿体呈板状、似层状产出,受单层灰绿色古氧化砂体与下伏灰色砂体的交界面控制,且远离顶底板,部分含矿岩石在宏观上表现为红色含炭屑矿石,微观上出现铀石-赤铁矿(针铁矿)-黄铁矿等特殊矿物共生组合。在综合岩矿鉴定、电子探针分析、酸解烃分析等成果认识的基础上,结合前人流体障铀成矿理论的实验和数学模拟结果认为,纳岭沟铀矿床是含氧含铀水与深部还原性流体相互作用的产物,且矿体形成过程中含氧含铀水和深部还原性流体的界面变化是红色蚀变矿石形成的关键原因,而持续强的含氧含铀水和较弱的深部还原性流体作用是形成板状矿体的主要因素。 相似文献
14.
鄂尔多斯盆地北缘是中国北方最重要的砂岩型铀矿分布区之一。与层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿的卷状矿体不同,研究区矿体以板状、似层状为特征。国内中- 东部盆地砂岩型铀矿矿带砂岩中高岭石含量相对偏高指示含矿层至少经历一期与成矿密切相关的偏酸性流体,这与国外学者在研究板状铀矿体的过程中关注含矿层上覆泥岩压实作用下排出富含有机酸的酸性流体具有相似的特点。因此,本文为探讨酸性流体活动与板状矿体形成的内在关系,选择纳岭沟铀矿床为例,通过采取含矿层不同地球化学分带砂岩样品,应用扫描电镜、X- 衍射、U元素含量等分析手段,发现矿带与还原带砂岩中高岭石含量相对偏高这一特殊现象;系统研究后认为上述现象与含矿层下伏延安组煤层埋藏演化过程中产生的大量有机酸性流体垂向渗入含矿层有关;结合含矿层埋藏演化史,将板状矿体的形成过程分为封闭体系- 有机酸性流体发育、开放体系- 大规模铀成矿、油气大规模逸散- 叠加改造保矿三个阶段,并认为板状矿体的形成是偏碱性含铀含氧大气降水与有机酸性流体长期稳定相互作用的结果,产于两种流体混合接触面上,其中含矿层砂岩厚度是控制矿体形态的关键因素。 相似文献
15.
在二维地电模型中,大地电磁测深倾子资料可以很好地反映地电构造的水平非均匀性,特别是在解释垂直或者倾斜板状体的空间分布情况时,可以起到十分重要的作用,在实际应用中可以用来寻找断裂,判断其走向、倾向、埋深和规模。应用有限单元法分别对水平、垂直和倾斜的板状模型进行正演模拟,该算法采用矩形网格内进一步三角形细化的方式剖分模型,通过三角形网格提高了对倾斜接触面的近似程度,同时增加计算量不明显,然后计算出倾子的实部、虚部和振幅的资料。研究结果表明:倾子响应对介质电性水平不均匀反映十分灵敏,特别是对横向低阻异常体,同时对异常体的位置和埋深也有清楚的显示。 相似文献
16.
煤层开挖后,采空区卸载的同时侧帮产生支撑压力作用于侧帮底板上,导致底板应力重分布;根据最终应力场由初始应力场与开挖应力场叠加的特点,建立底板岩层的力学分析模型;采用Fourier积分变换方法求解双调和方程,并利用形式函数待定法求解对偶积分方程,得到底板应力场与位移场的解析表达式;然后根据Mohr-Coulomb准则判断底板岩层的塑性破坏深度。通过算例分析结果表明：在采空区底板中主应力随着深度的增加而增大至原岩应力;而在侧帮底板中最大主应力随深度的增加而逐渐减小至原岩应力;在侧帮底板深度小于10 m时,主应力发生旋转, 变为中间主应力并且随深度逐渐减小,当随深度继续增加时又逐渐增大至原岩应力;在采空区的中心发生最大底臌位移为0.236 m,侧帮底板受支撑压力作用产生向下的位移;塑性破坏范围呈中间大两边小,最大破坏深度为31.2 m,为半开挖宽度的1.04倍。最后通过FLAC3D模拟煤层开采,发现两者计算结果虽存在一定的偏差,但总体趋势基本一致,说明该解析方法能较准确地分析底板的应力与位移,可为工程实践提供指导与计算方法。 相似文献
17.
Geodynamic implications of flattened tabular equigranular textured peridotites from the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (Western Hungary) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kroly Hidas Gyrgy Falus Csaba Szab Pter Jnos Szab Istvn Kovcs Tams Fldes 《Journal of Geodynamics》2007,43(4-5):484-503
Peridotite xenoliths showing unusual tabular equigranular textures (addressed as flattened tabular equigranular) were found in Neogene alkali basalts from the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (Western Hungary), Carpathian-Pannonian Region. The olivines have a characteristic crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) with [0 1 0]-axes perpendicular to the foliation and the [1 0 0]- and [0 0 1]-axes forming a continuous girdle in the foliation plane. Contrarily, the CPO pattern of orthopyroxene is much more scattered, although a single maximum can be observed in [0 0 1] axes subparallel to the plane of foliation. In case of olivine, the activation of (0 1 0)[1 0 0] and also probably (0 1 0)[0 0 1] is suggested. The deformation micro-mechanisms of orthopyroxenes are suggested to be a combination of intracrystalline glide on the (1 0 0)[0 0 1] system and some kind of other mechanism resulting in quite scattered patterns.We suggest that the unusual orientation patterns of olivines and orthopyroxenes are the result of the complex tectonic evolution of the region. The flattened tabular equigranular xenoliths represent a structural domain within the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the volcanic field with particular seismic characteristics. The occurrence of flattened domains in the upper mantle may considerably influence the percolation and residence time of the mantle melts and fluids, which could promote or prevent melt/wall-rock interaction. 相似文献
18.
纳岭沟铀矿床是近年来在鄂尔多斯盆地北部发现的一个大型铀矿床。与典型层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿不同,纳岭沟铀矿床具有矿体呈板状、似层状产出与铀矿物以铀石为主等特点。文章通过扫描电镜与X衍射等方法对含矿层不同地球化学分带砂岩黏土矿物组合类型、相对含量的变化开展了系统的研究,为该区铀成矿模式与板状矿体的形成机制提供依据。研究结果表明,含矿层砂岩中黏土矿物以呈蜂窝状、片絮状产出的蒙脱石为主,其次为呈片状、书页状及蠕虫状产出的高岭石与呈叶片状、花朵状集合体产出的绿泥石,局部可见伊利石与蒙脱石向绿泥石转化而成的绿蒙混层;从二次还原绿色带→矿带与原生带,呈现蒙脱石、绿泥石明显减少,高岭石含量与w(TOC)、CH_4明显增加的趋势,说明二次还原绿色带与矿带之间存在E_h-pH突变界面;含矿层经历了弱碱性大气降水(含铀含氧)、酸性流体(有机酸与煤成气)、中-低温碱性热液油气与富Na~+、Ca~(2+)的弱碱性流体(盆地卤水)的共同作用,其中弱碱性大气降水与中-低温碱性热液混合而成的碱性-氧化成矿热液与下伏延安组煤系地层演化产生的酸性-还原流体(有机酸与煤成气)在相互接触面上因Eh-pH突变而造成铀石的沉淀,并在E_h-pH突变界面上形成板状矿体。 相似文献
19.
板状体磁异常数据反演的PSO算法 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
粒子群优化(PSO)算法是根据鸟群觅食过程中的迁徙和群集模型而提出的用于解决优化问题的算法,是一类随机全局优化技术,它通过粒子间的相互作用搜索复杂空间中的最优区域,其优势在于效率高,且又简单易实现。本文讨论了PSO算法用于板状体磁异常数据反演的方法,并与遗传算法(GA)进行了比较。理论和实测磁异常数据反演的结果表明,PSO算法具有更高的找寻最优解效率,是一种很有潜力的位场反演工具。 相似文献
20.