旱麻岗沙漠风沙地貌发育与演化     

于海云  张正偲  王志军 《中国沙漠》2015,35(6):1438-1444

旱麻岗沙漠位于腾格里沙漠南部,是腾格里沙漠的重要组成部分。目前对该沙漠几乎没有研究。旱麻岗沙漠最主要的地貌是风沙地貌和流水地貌,且近似南北方向平行相间排列。该沙漠主要的沙丘类型有新月形沙丘链、反向沙丘和灌丛沙丘,其中新月形沙丘链和反向沙丘分布在海拔相对高的区域,且呈条带状分布,而灌丛沙丘主要分布在冲沟内。旱麻岗沙漠的起沙风主要为西北风,其次为东南风。风能环境属于低等风能环境,合成输沙方向为282°~331°,方向变率为中等变率。流动沙丘表面平均粒径最大,其次为结皮下层和结皮表层;分选性与平均粒径有相似的规律。石羊河流域、祁连山东端的冲积-洪积物和湖相沉积为旱麻岗沙漠的形成与演化提供了重要的沙源。根据野外考察,结合以往研究成果,该沙漠的形成与演化可以概括为以下几个阶段:大湖期;湖水干涸期,在退水过程形成近似平行排列的小冲沟;沙漠形成与扩张期,流动沙丘覆盖整个区域;沙漠萎缩期,降雨量增加,沙漠萎缩,平行排列的冲沟宽度和深度增加,冲沟内的流沙随流水冲向下游,而冲沟间的沙丘仍然保留在原来的位置,形成现代的地貌格局。  相似文献   

蒙古中部剖面重力异常研究     

黎哲君  徐如刚  陈石  杨光亮  闫万生  袁洁浩  张毅  顾左文 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(5):866-870

在蒙古中部106°E附近布设一条南北走向的重力剖面,首次获得该地区精确的实测重力值,经过数据预处理和改正计算,得到剖面重力异常结果。分析表明,剖面自由空气异常和地形有很强的相关性|剖面布格重力异常变化总体较为平缓,只在戈壁-阿尔泰-曼达尔戈壁加里东区带(GAB)和哈拉加里东区带（HRB）附近发生相对较快的变化,推测这两个区域可能存在较明显的深部构造变化|在蒙古-鄂霍兹克造山带附近,并未发现与板块缝合带相对应的重力异常变化|剖面均衡重力异常以负值为主,多数地区地壳未达到重力均衡状态,剖面附近地震活动和均衡重力异常之间的关系与中国南北地震带北段相关研究结果类似。  相似文献   

2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震前后重力场动态变化   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

祝意青  赵云峰  李铁明  梁伟锋  徐云马  郭树松 《地震地质》2014,36(3)

利用青藏高原东北缘2011-2013年期间的流动重力观测资料,系统分析了区域重力场动态变化及其与2013年7月22 H岷县漳县6.6级地震发生的关系.结果表明:1)测区内重力场异常变化与主要断裂带在空间上关系密切,反映沿主要断裂带(段)在2011-2013年期间发生了引起地表重力变化效应的构造活动或变形.2)岷县漳县6.6级地震前,测区内先出现了较大空间范围的区域性重力异常,后在震源区附近产生了局部重力异常及重力变化高梯度带,其中,甘肃临夏与岷县一带重力差异变化达150×10 8ms-2以上;这些可能反映岷县漳县地震前,区域及震源区附近均产生与该地震孕育、发生有关的构造运动或应力增强作用.3)重力场1a尺度动态变化图像和差分动态演化图像均反映岷县漳县6.6级地震孕育过程的最后2a出现较显著的流动重力异常变化,地震发生在NE向重力变化高梯度带上、重力变化零值线附近和等值线的拐弯部位.4)基于流动重力异常变化在岷县漳县6.6级地震前做过一定程度的中期预测,尤其是地点判定.  相似文献   

Simulation of scree‐slope dynamics: investigating the distribution of debris avalanche events in an idealized two‐dimensional model          下载免费PDF全文

Mike Bithell  Keith S. Richards  Erica G. Bithell 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(12):1601-1610

We present a two‐dimensional model of the development of scree slopes using the discrete‐element method. We concentrate on the dynamics of the accumulating debris at the cliff foot rather than on the failure modes of the cliff‐face or shape of the underlying rock surface. The evolution of this unconsolidated material is intermittent and systematically changing over time, with an early high disturbance regime, dominated by a characteristic event size (where 65% of particles in the debris are in motion to some extent), replaced at later times by many shallow slides interspersed with infrequent large events that involve motion through almost the full scree depth. These large slides lead to a stratigraphy in which the layers of material are stretched almost horizontal near the base of the slope. The scree surface thus shows a gradient in age with most recent rock‐fall close to the cliff and the oldest rock‐fall debris outcropping at the foot. The final surface slope tends to show little curvature, and the final mean slope is well correlated with the angle of internal friction of the particles, although the change is very small over a wide range of friction angles [final slope (in degrees relative to horizontal) ~ 0.043 × internal friction angle + 17.49, with a correlation coefficient of 0.89, p‐value 0.0001]. Some weak size‐segregation of the debris is found, but this seems to have little to do with individual particles bounding down the slope. The shape of the rock core agrees largely with the analytic forms given by Fisher–Lehmann and Bakker–Le Heux expressions, but the original simple Fisher quadratic can give the best fit. Overall the evolution shows a remarkable insensitivity to the model parameters, suggesting that the controls on dry scree‐slope evolution are primarily geometric in character. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

云南地区中小震分布的活动构造意义     

杨润海  王彬  庞卫东  郑定昌 《地震研究》2014,37(4)

利用2000年1月至2010年11年间云南地震台网有定位结果的19 737个中小地震和从公元前20年至2009年11月共567次破坏地震震中,探讨云南地区地震空间分布与构造活动的关系,结果表明:地震震中密集分布地带是现今活动构造主要位置,地震震中的空间分布具有明显的活动构造意义。  相似文献   

黑龙江及邻区地壳应力场初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴宝峰  徐建权  张永刚  郝永梅 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,35(5):72-75

采用综合震源机制方法,利用5 002条P波极性数据反演黑龙江地区二维应力结构,求得该区0.5°×0.5°综合震源机制解.初步研究表明：21世纪以来,构造应力场总特征基本一致,具有明显的继承性,主压应力和主张应力的优势方向明显,与板块运动关系具有成因上的联系.  相似文献   

扬子东南缘浙赣地区中生代盆地演化与构造环境研究     

唐春花  ;陈辉明  ;宛胜  ;张福神  ;张旭  ;向忠金 《火山地质与矿产》2014,(3):169-177

针对扬子东南缘浙赣地区地质构造特征,通过研究中生代的构造分层、盆地演化、火山活动构造环境等,分析了研究区中生代构造环境,认为研究区中生代盆地演化经历了由近东西向、北东东向向北东、北北东向构造方向的转变和由挤压-拉张-挤压-拉张的构造环境变化;构造体制环境从晚侏罗世开始,到早白垩世早期基本完成转换过程。伴随构造环境的转变,研究区内形成了中生代不同类型的盆地。  相似文献   

江西相山铀矿田邹—石断裂新解   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张万良 《火山地质与矿产》2014,(1):46-52

邹—石断裂分布在江西相山铀矿田西部,前人认为是一条重要的成矿构造.本次研究发现矿体并不产于邹—石断裂本身,断裂没有控制矿体几何形态,不是矿质直接充填或交代的地质构造单元,不具成矿构造的特点.由于邹石断裂在地形上呈现线性沟谷,遥感影像图上呈现清晰的线性影像,切错了花岗斑岩.构造岩主要是围岩的破碎角砾、构造透镜体和断层泥,以脆性变形为主,温热水与之关系密切,故认为,邹—石断裂具有新构造活动的踪迹,可能形成于新近纪—第四纪,属矿后构造.  相似文献   

Chronology and petrogenesis of the Hejiazhuang granitoid pluton and its constraints on the Early Triassic tectonic evolution of the South Qinling Belt   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YANG PengTao  LIU ShuWen  LI QiuGen  WANG ZongQi  ZHANG Fan  WANG Wei 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(2):232-246

The Hejiazhuang pluton is located in the South Qinling Tectonic Belt(SQTB)in the north side of the Mianxian-Lueyang Suture Zone,and consists dominantly of granodiorites.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses reveal that these granodiorites of the Hejiazhaung pluton emplaced at~248 Ma,and show a large variation in zirconεHf(t)values from4.8 to 8.8.These granodiorite samples are attributed to high-K to mid-K calc-alkaline series,and characterized by high SiO2(66.6%–70.0%),Al2O3(15.04%–16.10%)and Na2O(3.74%–4.33%)concentrations,with high Mg#(54.2–61.7).All samples have high Sr(627–751 ppm),Cr(55–373 ppm)and Ni(17.2–182 ppm),but low Y(5.42–8.41 ppm)and Yb(0.59–0.74 ppm)concentrations with high Sr/Y ratios(84.90–120.66).They also display highly fractionated REE patterns with(La/Yb)N ratios of 18.9–34.0 and positive Eu anomalies(δEu=1.10–2.22)in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns.In the primitive mantle normalized spidergrams,these samples exhibit enrichment in LILEs but depletion in Nb,Ta,P and Ti.These geochemical features indicate that the granodioritic magma of the Hejiazhuang pluton was derived from the partial melting of hybrid sources comprising the subducted oceanic slab and sediments,and the melts were polluted by the mantle wedge materials during their ascent.The emplacement ages and petrogenesis of the Hejiazhuang pluton prove that the initial subduction of the Mianlue oceanic crust occurred at~248 Ma ago,and the SQTB was still under subduction tectonic setting in the Early Triassic.  相似文献   

Evolution of the ductile shear zone of the Paishanlou gold deposits,western Liaoning,China     

NI JinLong  LIU JunLai  TANG XiaoLing  ZHAO ChunQiang & ZENG QingDong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(4):600-613

The combination of field surveys with analysis of microstructure of tectonite and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) on quartz fabric indicated that three periods of ductile shear events developed in the Paishanlou gold deposits and the E-W and NE-striking ductile shear zones were formed during each event. The E-W-striking ductile shear zone, accompanied by compressional and dextral shear slip, was shear-cut by the NE-striking shear zones, accompanied by compressional-sinistral shear slip and sinistral-normal shear slip, successively. An E-W-striking ductile shear zone developed at a deeper tectonic level and at middle- to high-temperatures, accompanied by abundant microstructures, including microlayering between a polycrystal quartz belt and mica, and quartz deformation was depended on cylinder (10-10) 〈a〉 or 〈c〉 glide. The development of an E-W-striking shear zone can be seen as a tectonic pattern in the region of the Paishanlou gold deposits of the collision between the Mongolian tectonic belt and the North Archean Craton from Suolun to the Linxi suture zone during the Indosinian. The NE-striking ductile shear zone developed approximately 160 Ma during the early Yianshanian at middle to shallow tectonic levels and at middle- to low-temperatures, accompanied by typical microstructures, including polycrystal quartz aggregation and quartz subgrain rotation recrystallization, etc., and quartz deformation was depended on prismatic (1011) 〈a〉 glide. The last ductile shear event around the NE-striking shear zone developed at low temperatures and shallow tectonic levels, yielding to a pre-existing NE-striking shear zone, accompanied by abundant microstructures, including low-temperature quartz grain boundary migration and bulging recrystallization. The last ductile shear movement may be related to lithosphere thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton from approximately 130-120 Ma, and this shear event resulted directly in the mineralization in the Paishanlou region.  相似文献