Deuterated hydrogen molecule and search for early structure-formation signatures in the Universe     

Ramona Núñez-López  Anton Lipovka  Vladimir Avila-Reese 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(4):2005-2012

Possible detection of signatures of structure formation at the end of the 'dark age' epoch  ( z ∼ 40–20)  is examined. We discuss the spectral–spatial fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) temperature produced by elastic resonant scattering of CMBR photons on deuterated hydrogen (HD) molecules located in protostructures moving with peculiar velocity. Detailed chemical kinematic evolution of HD molecules in the expanding homogeneous medium is calculated. Then, the HD abundances are linked to protostructures at their maximum expansion, whose properties are estimated by using the top-hat spherical approach and the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. We find that the optical depths in the HD three lowest pure rotational lines for high-peak protohaloes at their maximum expansion are much higher than those in LiH molecule. The corresponding spectral–spatial fluctuation amplitudes, however, are probably too weak to be detected by current and forthcoming millimetre telescope facilities. We extend our estimates of spectral–spatial fluctuations to gas clouds inside collapsed CDM haloes by using results from a crude model of HD production in these clouds. The fluctuations for the highest peak CDM haloes at redshifts ∼20–30 could be detected in the future. Observations will be important to test model predictions of early structure formation in the Universe.  相似文献   

On the influence of magnetic fields on level populations     

Z. Q. Qu  C. L. Xu  X. Y. Zhang  X. L. Yan  C. L. Jin 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,370(4):1790-1796

The influence of magnetic fields on the energy level populations of atoms is firstly studied by analysing the Stokes profiles of Fe  i 6302.5 forming in the solar magnetized atmosphere, with the aid of a departure factor defined to evaluate the deviation from the normal Boltzmann distribution without a magnetic field. This factor is directly related to the ratio of line-source function to the continuum one. The relationship between the departure and the magnetic field reveals an effect that the magnetic field induces an exponential increase in the level population of the lower level of Fe  i 6302.5 (Landé factor   g = 2.5  ) with the field strength. This indicates that the magnetic field can cause the redistribution of populations of those levels whose Landé factors are non-zero. Therefore, this effect should be included in the calculation of the statistical equilibrium. Secondly, an experiment utilizing the Hg5461 line in the laboratory on the Earth is carried out to reveal that the exponential relation is independent of variations in temperature, and the excitation is completely magneto-induced. Finally, the exponential relation is explained by taking account of the magnetic energy in the Boltzmann distribution.  相似文献   

Measurement of radiative lifetimes and determination of transition probabilities of astrophysical interest in Ho iii     

E. Biémont  P. Palmeri  P. Quinet  G. Paquin  Z. G. Zhang  G. Somesfalean  S. Svanberg 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,328(4):1085-1090

Lifetimes of six levels belonging to the 4f¹⁰6p configuration of Ho  iii have been measured for the first time using the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence method. They are compared with multiconfigurational pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock calculations. A very good agreement is found. Using the experimental lifetimes and theoretical branching fractions, a first set of transition probabilities of astrophysical interest has been obtained for this ion.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamical simulations of the decay of high-speed molecular turbulence – II. Divergence from isothermality     

Georgi Pavlovski  Michael D. Smith  Mordecai-Mark Mac Low 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,368(2):943-958

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Application of stress release models to historical earthquakes from North China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Xiao-Gu Zheng  David Vere-Jones 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1991,135(4):559-576

Univariate and multivariate stress release models are fitted to historical earthquake data from North China. It is shown that a better fit is obtained by treating separately the Eastern part of the region, including the North China Plain and Bohai Sea, and the Western part of the region, including the Ordos Plateau and its Eastern boundary. Further improvement is obtained by fitting the large events (M7.6) and smaller events in the Western region by different stress release models. The comparisons are made by computing the likelihoods of the fitted models and discounting the number of parameters used by Akaike's AIC criterion. The models are used to develop long-term risk scenarios for the East and West regions.  相似文献   

内蒙古正蓝旗羊蹄子山-磨石山钛矿区硅质岩地球化学特征及沉积环境意义     

丰成友  赵一鸣  李大新 《矿床地质》2008,27(4):483-493

文章通过详细的野外地质调查和系统的岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素及硅、氧同位素等研究,探讨了羊蹄子山-磨石山钛矿区无矿白色硅质岩和富钛硅质岩的成因及形成地质构造环境。研究结果表明,呈厚层状产出的无矿白色硅质岩具较高的SiO2、Al2O3含量及Al/(Al Fe Mn)、Al2O3/(Al2O3 Fe2O3)比值,稀土元素总量很低,其北美页岩标准化配分模式为向右倾的曲线,无明显铈异常和铕异常,表明其形成于受陆源影响的大陆边缘构造环境;赋矿岩系中薄层状富钛硅质岩的TiO2、Fe2O3、Cu、V含量较高,但Al/(Al Fe Mn)、Al2O3/(Al2O3 Fe2O3)比值较低,稀土元素总量较高,北美页岩标准化曲线为明显左倾型-平坦型,具弱的负铈异常,表明其形成于洋脊及附近环境。两种硅质岩的δ30Si值为变化较小的负值,与热水沉积和某些生物成因硅质岩的硅同位素组成相似,两者的δ18O值范围和平均值均相似。两类硅质岩的成因及形成构造环境不同,富钛硅质岩的地球化学特征表明,该矿床的形成与本区元古宙海底火山热液喷流作用有关。  相似文献   

秦岭造山带的印支运动及印支期成矿作用   总被引：27，自引：10，他引：17  

卢欣祥  李明立  王卫  于在平  时永志 《矿床地质》2008,27(6):762-773

秦岭碰撞造山经历了长期的板块构造的俯冲-碰撞的构造演化,于印支期最终完成对接拼合,形成了统一的中国大陆,并由此转入陆内变形。众多Au、Mo多金属矿床的同位素年龄资料表明,印支期是秦岭的重要成矿期,其成矿作用明显受到构造演化的控制,反映特定的地球动力学背景和作用过程。秦岭印支期成矿作用不仅是中国东部中生代成矿作用的先导和开始,奠定了中国东部中生代成矿大爆发的基础,而且为碰撞期和碰撞期后构造体制快速转换的研究提供了依据。重视秦岭以及中国印支期成矿作用的研究,对正确认识秦岭成矿带的区域成矿规律、造山带演化的深部动力学过程,建立符合中国和东亚实际的印支期成矿理论体系具有重要科学意义。  相似文献   

Extensional tectonic origin of gneissosity and related structures of the Feiran–Solaf metamorphic belt, Sinai, Egypt     

A. Fowler  I. Hassan 《Precambrian Research》2008,164(3-4):119-136

The Feiran–Solaf metamorphic belt consists of low-P high-T amphibolite facies, partly migmatized gneisses, schists, amphibolites and minor calc-silicate rocks of metasedimentary origin. There are also thick concordant synkinematic sheets of diorite, tonalite and granodiorite orthogneiss and foliated granite and pegmatite dykelets. The gneissosity (or schistosity) is referred to as S₁, and is almost everywhere parallel to lithological layering, S₀. This parallelism is not due to transposition. The gneissosity formed during an extensional tectonic event (termed D1), before folding of S₀. S₁ formed by coaxial pure shear flattening strain (Z normal to S₀, i.e. vertical; with X and Y both extensional and lying in S₁). This strain also produced chocolate tablet boudinage of some layers and S₁-concordant sills and veins. S₁ has a strong stretching lineation L₁ with rodding characteristics. Within-plane plastic anisotropy (lower ductility along Y compared to along X) resulted in L₁-parallel extensional ductile shears and melt filled cracks. Continued shortening of these veins, and back-rotation of foliations on the shears produced intrafolial F₁ folds with hinges parallel to the stretching lineation. F₁ fold asymmetry variations do not support previous models involving macroscopic F₁ folds or syn-gneissosity compressional tectonics. The sedimentary protoliths of the Feiran–Solaf gneisses were probably deposited in a pre-800 Ma actively extending intracratonic rift characterizing an early stage of the break-up of Rodinia.  相似文献   

海相碳酸盐岩层系不整合量化研究及其意义——以四川盆地北部二叠系为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李儒峰  郭彤楼  汤良杰  陈国飞 《地质学报》2008,82(3):407-412

本文以四川盆地北部二叠系为例,将层序地层分析和沉积盆地波动过程分析相结合,提出了运用沉积波动过程分析研究沉积记录不完整性的量化方法,该方法可以相对准确地定量描述盆地形成演化过程中的升降运动,恢复无地层"记录"中的沉积-剥蚀过程,进而定量分析盆地的沉积-剥蚀过程、计算沉积间断(不整合)内的地层剥蚀量、认识其时空分布规律.同时,通过实际钻井及"人工井"的波动过程分析,结合地震剖面解释成果,可以作出主要不整合的空间分布图、各层位的剥蚀厚度图和原始厚度图、各期构造的剥蚀量分布图等重要基础图件,为盆地进一步系统分析及盆地模拟打好基础,结合沉积相研究及构造样式分析还可分析盆地沉积中心、生油层、盖层、储层等在时空中的变化规律.由于沉积盆地的升降波动过程直接影响着盆地的埋藏史、热史和生、排烃史,因此通过沉积波动过程的系统分析不仅能正确建立盆地演化的地质模型,还可以正确认识油气形成与分布规律,有效指导油气勘探.  相似文献   

江西浒坑钨矿含矿石英脉的地质特征及成矿构造演化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

章伟 《地质学报》2008,82(11):1531-1539

位于赣西武功山地区的江西浒坑钨矿是一个大型石英脉型钨矿床,与赣南典型的“五层楼”模式不同,矿脉主要集中在岩体内接触带。含矿石英脉除了普通的块状构造以外,还普遍存在条带状构造。详细的野外编录和镜下研究表明含矿块状石英脉在形成后遭受不同程度的韧性剪切,从而形成不同成分的分异条带。剪切带以出现新生的面理和线理（拉伸线理）为特征。岩石学研究表明条带状矿石属于糜棱岩,具有丰富的塑性变形显微构造特征。通过对含矿石英脉的构造解析,认为与岩浆岩有关的原生节理系统基本上是同时形成的,沿节理充填的石英脉经历了长期的、多期次的构造运动,从而形成了复杂的石英脉和矿石类型。建立了原生节理形成→石英充填→韧性剪切发生→二期石英充填→脆性碎裂的矿区构造演化序列。韧性剪切作用的动力学背景可能是受后期岩浆侵入的影响,最后的脆性破裂应与区域上存在南北向的压应力有关。  相似文献