三江平原气温降水变化分析——以建三江垦区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏晓丹  栾兆擎  张雪萍 《地理研究》2012,31(7):1248-1256

气温及降水与人类生产生活密切联系,其变化必然会对生态系统和社会经济等产生重大影响。利用三江平原建三江垦区15个农场气象站1965～2002年气温和降水资料,运用气候趋势系数和一元回归分析法进行气候变化分析。结果表明:近40年来本区气温呈显著上升趋势,平均气温以0.50℃/10a幅度升高,不同季节平均气温均呈上升趋势,且冬季增幅最大,达0.82℃/10a。气温升高存在显著的区域差异,最大的增温中心位于南部边缘,气温倾向率大于0.60℃/10a。降水趋势性变化不显著,但仍呈弱减少趋势,年降水量倾向率为-1.90mm/10a,四季降水量以秋季减少最为显著。在此基础上进行气候突变分析,结果表明气温突变出现在1987年,降水突变出现在1980年和1997年,但降水突变不明显。研究三江平原建三江垦区的气候变化对于保障区域粮食安全具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

珠三角地区地表温度与土地利用类型关系   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

牟雪洁  赵昕奕 《地理研究》2012,31(9):1589-1597

随着城市化进程的加快,城市气候与环境问题日益显现,尤以城市热岛效应最为突出。通过监督分类方法对TM遥感影像进行了土地利用分类,并运用TM热红外波段线性拟合模型进行近地表气温反演,分析城市热岛的空间分布及地域性差异,以及与土地利用类型的关系。结果表明:珠三角地区近地表气温与土地利用类型紧密相关,城市建设区形成高温中心,是热岛的主要贡献因子,植被和水体则有明显的冷岛效应;研究区热岛具有区域性集中与分散分布的特点,且以区域性热岛为中心向周边扩展;分析热岛强度剖面线发现,由于地形、植被覆盖度等因素影响,研究区热岛强度的南北差异较大,而东西差异较小;热岛分布与土地利用类型分布格局较为一致,但也有分布不一致性的区域,表现为城市热岛向非城市建设用地扩展。  相似文献   

全球气候变化下秦岭南北气温变化特征   总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20  

李双双  延军平  万佳 《地理科学》2012,(7):853-858

选取秦岭南麓1 000 m划分方案,运用气候倾向率、线性拟合方程、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、小波分析等气候数理统计方法,分析秦岭南北气温变化特征。结果表明:近50 a秦岭南北气候变化具有同步性,增温趋势明显;在气温突变方面,关中地区气温突变(1995年)早于陕南(1998年)。通过近10 a秦岭南北气温时空格局演变分析,认为秦岭地区气温变化符合全球变化规律,其变化是自然因素和人类活动共同作用的结果,在小尺度上人类活动干扰尤为明显(特别体现在快速城市化影响气温上升)。  相似文献   

库姆塔格沙漠春季近地面风场、温度场特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吕萍  董治宝 《中国沙漠》2012,32(2):442-446

 利用中尺度区域预报模式系统对库姆塔格沙漠及其周边地区春季近地层风场与温度场分布特征进行了模拟和分析。结果发现,受青藏高原地形影响,偏北气流向南运行在途经库姆塔格沙漠的过程中发生3个分支:①在沙漠东部气流逐渐转变为西北风吹向甘肃省;②中西部气流以较强的东北风流向塔克拉玛干沙漠;③另一部分气流继续顺势南下流入青海省。沙漠区域温度从北向南逐渐降低,在青海省的边界上出现一个低温带,然后温度又开始增加。  相似文献   

陇东地区近51 a气温时空变化特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王媛媛  张勃 《中国沙漠》2012,32(5):1402-1407

 基于陇东地区15个气象站点1957—2007年的月平均气温、日平均气温资料,结合GIS空间分析技术和数理统计理论,对其气温变化进行定量化分析,阐述其时空演变特征。结果表明,陇东地区多年平均气温较高的地方在中部地区,西部地区平均气温较低,主要是受地形影响;年均气温总体呈上升趋势,春、冬季的增温趋势最为明显,这与全球气温变化及中国气温变化总体趋势一致;年均气温变化的第一主周期为13 a,四季平均气温变化的第一主周期分别是25 a、25 a、13 a和7 a;年均气温的突然升高开始于20世纪80年代中期,四季平均气温的突然升高分别始于90年代中期、90年代初、80年代末和90年代初。  相似文献   

Permafrost mapping of Northeast European Russia based on the period of climatic warming 1970-1995     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):111-120

Verdenskrigen som efterhånden i do krigførende land tok alle hjelpemidler og all intelligens i sin tjeneste og innskrenket den frie samferdsel selv for de nøitrale stater, måtte selvfølgelig legge hindringer i veien for forskningsekspedisjoner til Asia. De stoppet velikke helt op. Som vi skal se blev der også under krigen foretatt og begynt undersøkelser av denne art; men først efter krigen utviklet de sig igjen i større stil. Det synes derfor å være naturlig å velge denne verdenskatastrofe som et skille, og jeg vil i det følgende mere utførlig omtale bare de ekspedisjoner og forskninger, som vesentlig er blitt utført efter denne tid.  相似文献   

The sensitivity of ground surface temperature prediction to soil thermal properties Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张晓惠  高志球  魏东平 《大气科学进展》2012,29(3):623-634

Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2), soil thermal properties (STP) were examined in a Tibetan prairie during the monsoon period to investigate ground surface temperature prediction. We improved the SiB2 model by incorporating a revised force-restore method (FRM) to take the vertical heterogeneity of soil thermal diffusivity (k) into account. The results indicate that (1) the revised FRM alleviates daytime overestimation and nighttime underestimation in modeled ground surface temperature (T_g), and (2) its role in little rainfall events is significant because the vertical gradient of k increases with increasing surface evaporation. Since the original formula of thermal conductivity (λ) in the SiB2 greatly underestimates soil thermal conductivity, we compared five algorithms of λ involving soil moisture to investigate the cause of overestimation during the day and underestimation at night on the basis of the revised FRM. The results show that (1) the five algorithms significantly improve T_g prediction, especially in daytime, and (2) taking one of these five algorithms as an example, the simulated T_g values in the daytime are closer to the field measurements than those in the nighttime. The differences between modeled T_g and field measurements are mostly within the margin of error of ±2 K during 3 August to 4 September 1998.  相似文献   

Changing Trends of Daily Temperature Extremes with Different Intensities in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

WANG Zuny  DING Yihui  ZHANG Qiang  SONG Yafang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(4):399-409

By comparing two sets of quality-controlled daily temperature observation data with and without the inhomogeneity test and adjustment from 654 stations in China during 1956-2004 and 1956-2010, impacts of inhomogeneity on changing trends of four percentile temperature extreme indices, including occurrences of cold days, cold nights, warm days, and warm nights with varying intensities, were discussed. It is found that the inhomogeneity affected the long-term trends averaged over extensive regions limitedly. In order to minimize the inhomogeneity impact, the 83 stations identified with obvious inhomogeneity impacts were removed, and an updated analysis of changing trends of the four temperature extreme indices with varying intensities during 1956-2010 was conducted. The results show that annual occurrences of both cold nights and cold days decreased greatly while those of warm nights and warm days increased significantly during the recent 20 years. The more extreme the event is, the greater the magnitude of changing trends for the temperature extreme index is. An obvious increasing trend was observed in annual occurrences of cold days and cold nights in the recent four years. The magnitude of changing trends of warm extreme indices was greater than that of cold extreme indices, and it was greater in northern China than in southern China. Trends for summer occurrence of cold days were not significant. Decreasing trends of occurrences of both cold nights and cold days were the greatest in December, January, and February (DJF) but the least in June, July, and August (JJA), while increasing trends of warm nights were the greatest in JJA. Cold nights significantly decreased from 1956 to 1990, and then the decreasing trend considerably weakened. The decreasing trend also showed an obvious slowdown in recent years for occurrence of cold days. However, increasing trends of warm nights and warm days both have been accelerated continuously since the recent decades. Further analysis presents that the evolution of the trends for occurrences of the four temperature extreme indices was dominated by the changes in northern China.  相似文献   

气象卫星遥感地表温度推算近地表气温方法研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

韩秀珍  李三妹  窦芳丽 《气象学报》2012,70(5):1107-1118

气温是各种植物生理、水文、气象、环境等模式或模型中的一个非常重要的近地表气象参数.多年来气温数据以离散的常规气象站点观测为主,连续分布的格点气温数据则以站点资料插值而得到,分辨率低,无法反映地形等下垫面因素对局地气温的影响,在农业气候区划等研究中具有一定的局限性.随着卫星遥感地表温度算法的日趋成熟,为探讨卫星遥感地表温度数据在气温观测中的可能性和可行性,利用全中国2340个站点1998 2007年的逐旬平均最高气温数据,以及相应时段的NOAA/AVHRR旬最高地表温度数据,以线性回归及拟合模型为主,通过考虑植被指数、土地覆盖类型、季节、风速、气压、降水等各类影响因子,建立了旬最高地表温度与旬平均最高气温间的推算模型,并利用未参与建模的2002-2003年的常规气象站点气温数据,同时与推算气温和插值气温结果进行对比分析.结果表明,利用卫星遥感地表温度数据推算的旬值气温数据可取得较高的精度,尤其在地形复杂地区以及站点稀疏地区精度明显高于插值气温结果.  相似文献   

A Simulation Study on the Extreme Temperature Events of the 20th Century by Using the BCC_AGCM   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

DONG Min  WU Tongwen  WANG Zaizhi  CHENG Yanjie  ZHANG Fang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(4):489-506

Extreme temperature events are simulated by using the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model (BCC AGCM) in this paper. The model has been run for 136 yr with the observed external forcing data including solar insolation, greenhouse gases, and monthly sea surface temperature (SST). The daily maximum and minimum temperatures are simulated by the model, and 16 indices representing various extreme temperature events are calculated based on these two variables. The results show that the maximum of daily maximum temperature (TXX), maximum of daily minimum (TNX), minimum of daily maximum (TXN), minimum of daily minimum (TNN), warm days (TX90p), warm nights (TN90p), summer days (SU25), tropical nights (TR20), and warm spell duration index (WSDI) have increasing trends during the 20th century in most regions of the world, while the cold days (TX10p), cold nights (TN10p), and cold spell duration index (CSDI) have decreasing trends. The probability density function (PDF) of warm/cold days/nights for three periods of 1881-1950, 1951- 1978, and 1979-2003 is examined. It is found that before 1950, the cold day/night has the largest probability, while for the period of 1979-2003, it has the smallest probability. In contrast to the decreasing trend of cold days/nights, the PDF of warm days/nights exhibits an opposite trend. In addition, the frost days (FD) and ice days (ID) have decreasing trends, the growing season has lengthened, and the diurnal temperature range is getting smaller during the 20th century. A comparison of the above extreme temperature indices between the model output and NCEP data (taken as observation) for 1948-2000 indicates that the mean values and the trends of the simulated indices are close to the observations, and overall there is a high correlation between the simulated indices and the observations. But the simulated trends of FD, ID, growing season length, and diurnal temperature range are not consistent with the observations and their correlations are low or even negative. This indicates that the model is incapable to simulate these four indices although it has captured most indices of the extreme temperature events.  相似文献