成都平原马街遗址古洪水事件遗存考古发现与研究     

朱诚  徐佳佳  黄明  杨占风  张娜  江章华  白铁勇  陆福志 《地学前缘》2021,28(2):181-201

2014年5月,对四川成都郫县马街遗址古洪水事件做了调查,该遗址经度为103°55'39″E,纬度为30°53'37.1″N,遗址海拔为黄海高程499.758 m,遗址的2014CPMT1-T2探方中有古代生长在地下的树根1处、冲刷带来的独木舟1处、古树干9处。经光学方法鉴定,其中的古树根和古树木主要是秋枫树(Bischafia javanica)。这些木质沉积物平面倾向大都沿NW-NE-SW平面沉积,反映出这些沉积物被水流冲来的方向主要是郫县西北都江堰地区。测得T1-T2探方树干2、3、5和木椽9这4个AMS¹⁴C年代数据年龄为(2 420±70)~(2 566±78)a BP,由于都江堰是战国时期太守李冰于公元前256年率众修建,从马街遗址T1-T2探方出土的古洪水木质沉积物年代分析看,其应是公元前405年—公元前551年都江堰工程尚未开始前的周代(公元前1122年—公元前256年)由古岷江洪水从北向南冲刷到此沉积所致。整个剖面锆石形态鉴定分析结果表明,随着深度的不同,其形态组成有所差异,尤其在约2.6~2.4 ka BP时段的锆石微形态组合中,浑圆柱状比例较大,而四方双锥所占比例略小,表明这段时期可能经历了洪水事件,其大量浑圆状锆石是经过长距离搬运到此的沉积物证据。  相似文献   

RETURN PERIOD AND THE TREND OF EXTREME DISASTROUS RAINSTORM EVENTS IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE     

陈海燕  余晖  叶庚姣  徐明  杨秋珍 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(2):192-200

A provincial Disaster-causing Rainstorm Severity Index (DRaSI) is introduced to quantify the relationship between rainfall and its disastrous impacts on Zhejiang province of China, shortened as ZJ-DRaSI. ZJ-DRaSI is set up based on the DRaSI for single stations in combination with the coverage of rainstorms. The probability distribution function (PDF) of ZJ-DRaSI between 1971 and 2015 can be well fitted by the Wakeby Distribution with five parameters. It is found that decadal (e.g. 10yr, 20yr, and so on) return period values of ZJ-DRaSI related to typhoons are generally lower than that of non-typhoon events, implying that disastrous non-typhoon events have a higher frequency of occurrence. The extreme typhoon events have a significant cycle of 22.5 years, while the non-typhoon events have a significant cycle of 15 years. Both are currently at the high-value phase. The annual extreme value of ZJ-DRaSI exhibits an increasing trend of approximately 15% every 10 years.  相似文献   

松辽盆地北部白垩纪青山口组黑色页岩元素地球化学特征及沉积古环境恢复     

王岚  周海燕  商斐  周学先 《地质科学》2022,57(1):156-171

对松辽盆地北部青山口组118块页岩样品进行有机碳和元素地球化学测试,运用一系列判别古气候、古盐度、古生产力和古氧化还原条件的地化指标,恢复青山口组黑色页岩的沉积环境,探讨富有机质页岩成因机制。青山口组沉积期为温暖半湿润亚热带气候,古气温>15℃,水体为陆相微咸水—半咸水环境,盐度5‰~10‰。青山口组底部发育厚度约30 m的富有机质页岩,TOC最高达到9.39%,自下而上有机碳含量逐渐变低。富有机质页岩Cu、Ni、Mo和Zn含量高,发育大量胶磷矿、藻席,表明青山口组早期湖盆生产力达到峰值,为有机质富集提供物质基础。U元素含量以及V/(V+Ni)、V/Sc比值较高,表明青山口组早期水体为强还原环境,为富有机质页岩保存提供有利条件。中-晚期随着湖盆收缩、水体变浅,还原环境遭到破坏,有机碳含量降低。TOC与古生产力及氧化还原指标呈正相关关系,表明有机质含量的变化主要受控于湖盆生产力和氧化还原环境。古海侵事件带来丰富营养物质,极大提高了湖盆生产力,保证有机质大量供应;同时海侵造成盐度分层,使底部水体的强还原环境不受破坏,促进了有机质的保存。松辽盆地青山口组在白垩纪全球缺氧事件影响下形成了面积约5×10^-3km;的黑色页岩,是页岩油勘探的重要目标。  相似文献   

豫西济源地区中下三叠统遗迹网络分析          下载免费PDF全文

许欣  邢智峰  郑伟  齐永安  李婉颖  吴盼盼  张湘赟  万恩召  和俊淼  李妲 《古地理学报》2023,25(2):419-430

豫西济源地区下三叠统和尚沟组和中三叠统二马营组均为陆相河湖相沉积,本研究在和尚沟组和上覆二马营组中下段分别识别出遗迹化石5属6种和7属9种,这些化石材料成为探究大灭绝事件后陆地造迹生物复苏的良好材料。运用遗迹网络分析方法构建了和尚沟组和二马营组中下段遗迹网络,相关参数显示自早三叠世和尚沟组沉积期至中三叠世二马营组中下段沉积期,遗迹网络节点增加,平均度、平均加权度和图密度有所降低,网络直径、平均聚类系数和平均路径长度呈明显增加趋势,遗迹网络复杂化以及造迹生物对恶劣环境适应性的增强,这些可能是二叠纪—三叠纪之交灭绝事件(Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction, PTME)后生物复苏的潜在标志。推测PTME后华北地区生物复苏和生态恢复可能遵循着类似的模式,但后续研究仍需陆相实体化石证据的佐证与补充。  相似文献   

琼东南盆地深水区WN-A井渐新世—中新世孢粉地层学及古气候     

陈平  王任  覃军干  杨锐  李君  阮枝梅 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(2):390-402

琼东南盆地深水区是21世纪南海北部大陆架地区天然气勘探的重点区带之一。为了划分该盆地WN-A井的地层时代及探明其沉积物所记录的古气候条件,笔者对该井分布于3 261.25~5 079.00 m井段共计108份岩屑样品进行了孢粉分析。研究结果显示,该井孢粉化石种类较丰富且分布连续,由下至上可划分为4个孢粉组合: Pinuspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Juglanspollenites-Quercoidites E-Quercoidites D组合、Pinuspollenites-Juglanspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Dicolpopollis kockelii组合、Quercoidites E-Polypodiaceoisporites-Pinuspollenites-Polypodiisporites组合和Pinuspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Randiapollis reticulatus-Quercoidites E组合。其中：4 425.00~5 079.00 m井段孢粉组合的优势组分是Pinuspollenites、Juglanspollenites和Quercoidites D,指示热带、亚热带针叶、常绿、落叶阔叶混交林,气候较温凉;3 261.25~4 425.00 m井段孢粉组合中Quercoidites E占优势,指示热带、亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林,气候温暖湿润。WN-A井孢粉组合记录了一次明显的由温凉转为温暖的气候变化,与全球渐新世—中新世的气候变化可以对比,其发生位置,即4 425.00 m可以作为WN-A井渐新统和中新统的界线。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of early Palaeozoic igneous rocks of the western South Qilian Belt,central China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dongsheng Wang  Jing Yan  Xin Lin 《International Geology Review》2018,60(7):844-864

Early Palaeozoic granitoids in the South Qilian Belt, central China, record details of the tectonic evolution and crustal growth of the Qilian orogenic belt. Five representative granitoids from the western South Qilian Belt were sampled for zircon LA-ICPMS U–Pb dating, Lu–Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemical analyses. Zircon U–Pb dating of two porphyritic granodiorites and a porphyritic monzogranite yielded ages of 442.7 ± 3.5, 441.8 ± 4.3, and 435.4 ± 3.5 Ma, respectively. These granitoids exhibit a geochemical affinity to I-type granite, are metaluminous with a low aluminium saturation index (A/CNK = 0.75–1.15), have moderate Al₂O₃ and low MgO contents, high La/Yb and low Sr/Y ratios, and are depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti, which suggests a subduction zone magmatic arc affinity, with mixing between a primary mantle-derived magma with lesser continental crustal material. The syenogranite and monzogranite from the South Qilian Belt, which yield U–Pb zircon ages of 440.4 ± 9.0 and 442.3 ± 1.2 Ma, respectively, have pronounced S-type geochemical affinities, are peraluminous with A/CNK values of 1.07–1.16, have relatively high SiO₂, Al₂O₃, K₂O, and Rb contents, low Y and Yb, low Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, positive Th, U, and light Rare Earth Element (REE) anomalies, and depletions in Nb, Ta, Sr, and Ti. Their geochemical signature suggests derivation from partial melting of continental crust in a syn-collisional setting. The Hf isotopic data of zircons from the granitoids show a significant input of Paleoproterozoic crust in the crustal formation of the western South Qilian Belt in Palaeozoic. Compare the ε_Hf(t) value of S-type granite with that of I-type granite, the former may have a comparatively homogeneous source. Together with regional evidence, it is proposed that a collisional event occurred between the South Qilian Belt and the Central Qilian Belt at ca. 442–435 Ma.  相似文献   

Variable character and diverse origin of hybrid event beds in a sandy submarine fan system,Pennsylvanian Ross Sandstone Formation,western Ireland     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(3):952-992

Hybrid event beds comprising both clean and mud‐rich sandstone are important components of many deep‐water systems and reflect the passage of turbulent sediment gravity flows with zones of clay‐damped or suppressed turbulence. ‘Behind‐outcrop’ cores from the Pennsylvanian deep‐water Ross Sandstone Formation reveal hybrid event beds with a wide range of expression in terms of relative abundance, character and inferred origin. Muddy hybrid event beds first appear in the underlying Clare Shale Formation where they are interpreted as the distal run‐out of the wakes to flows which deposited most of their sand up‐dip before transforming to fluid mud. These are overlain by unusually thick (up to 4·4 m), coarse sandy hybrid event beds (89% of the lowermost Ross Formation by thickness) that record deposition from outsized flows in which transformations were driven by both substrate entrainment in the body of the flow and clay fractionation in the wake. A switch to dominantly fine‐grained sand was accompanied initially by the arrest of turbulence‐damped, mud‐rich flows with evidence for transitional flow conditions and thick fluid mud caps. The mid and upper Ross Formation contain metre‐scale bed sets of hybrid event beds (21 to 14%, respectively) in (i) upward‐sandying bed set associations immediately beneath amalgamated sheet or channel elements; (ii) stacked thick‐bedded and thin‐bedded hybrid event bed‐dominated bed sets; (iii) associations of hybrid event bed‐dominated bed sets alternating with conventional turbidites; and (iv) rare outsized hybrid event beds. Hybrid event bed dominance in the lower Ross Formation may reflect significant initial disequilibrium, a bias towards large‐volume flows in distal sectors of the basin, extensive mud‐draped slopes and greater drop heights promoting erosion. Higher in the formation, hybrid event beds record local perturbations related to channel switching, lobe relocations and extension of channels across the fan surface. The Ross Sandstone Formation confirms that hybrid event beds can form in a variety of ways, even in the same system, and that different flow transformation mechanisms may operate even during the passage of a single flow.  相似文献   

华北克拉通西部基底早前寒武纪地质事件、性质及其地质意义   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3  

张成立  苟龙龙  第五春荣  刘欣雨  赵娇  胡育华 《岩石学报》2018,34(4):981-998

综合华北克拉通西部陆块阴山地块、孔兹岩带和鄂尔多斯地块基底正、副片麻岩以及鄂尔多斯地块现代河流沙锆石U-Pb和Hf同位素资料,并根据最新获得的鄂尔多斯基底及盖层继承碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素统计分析揭示,该陆块存在古、中太古代陆壳物质,自新太古代以来先后发生了新太古代~2.7Ga、2.55~2.45Ga以及古元古代2.2~2.0Ga和1.95~1.85Ga等多期构造热事件。由基底和盖层中各类岩石中获得的~2.5Ga锆石的εHf(t)多为正值,Hf陆壳模式年龄(t_(DM)~C)介于2.9～2.6Ga之间(峰值～2.75Ga),阴山地块存在～2.7Ga的岩石,鄂尔多斯地块基底有～2.7Ga继承锆石记录,证明新太古代存在一期重要的陆壳生长。2.55～2.45Ga的岩浆活动在西部陆块不同地质单元基底岩石中均有记录,出现大量壳源花岗岩和幔源岩浆侵入及麻粒岩相变质作用,它们的锆石εHf(t)值由负到正变化大,Hf陆壳模式年龄(t_(DM)~C)除少数接近岩浆活动年龄外,多数明显高于它们的形成年龄,指示了强烈的陆壳再造和一定陆壳生长,岩石组合及地球化学特征反映了汇聚挤压转为伸展环境,类似于华北陆块～2.5Ga广泛的岩浆变质事件及构造背景,揭示了不同陆块碰撞拼合而后转为伸展的构造演化过程。古元古代2.2～2.0Ga期间,沿鄂尔多斯地块北部及东部边缘出现大洋俯冲消减有关的陆缘弧花岗岩类,它们的锆石εHf(t)和t_(DM)~C值变化范围很大,表明在古元古代中晚期鄂尔多斯地块基底仍发生有陆壳增生和再造。此后在1.95～1.85Ga期间,沿鄂尔多斯地块北部的孔兹岩带和东部的中部构造带均发生顺时针P-T演化轨迹的变质作用,证明～1.95Ga鄂尔多斯地块相继与北部阴山地块和东部陆块碰撞拼合为一体,至～1.85Ga发生陆壳抬升与伸展、发生陆壳物质减压熔融的强烈混合岩化和大量S型花岗岩形成,其后发生镁铁质岩墙侵入,标志着华北陆块最终克拉通化完成。  相似文献   

西藏山南努日矽卡岩型铜钼钨矿床黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及其成矿意义     

王欣欣  丁俊  闫国强  黄勇  戴婕  李光明  钟康惠  白景国  李秋平  张凯 《地质学报》2015,89(3):549-559

西藏努日矽卡岩型铜钼钨矿床是冈底斯成矿带东段南缘的大型矿床,也是近年来靠近雅鲁藏布江缝合带发现的首例大型白钨矿矿床。笔者对采自矿区北矿段与白钨矿化矽卡岩有密切关系的黑云母花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS的U-Pb定年研究。分析锆石具有明显的振荡环带、Th/U比值大于0.1等典型岩浆成因锆石的特点。22个测点数据206Pb/238 U年龄可分为3组,799Ma、55.6 Ma、45.6~52.7 Ma,分别对应为拉萨地块形成年龄、捕获锆石的年龄、黑云母花岗岩形成年龄。在锆石原岩判别图解U-Y、Nb/Ta-Y中,所有点都很好的落入了花岗岩类的范围内,暗示黑云母花岗岩可能来源于新元古代的拉萨地块,测年数据表明,岩体成岩时代为始新世,可能系印度板块向欧亚板块北向俯冲碰撞阶段中晚期岩浆活动事件,该年龄早于矿区辉钼矿形成年龄。结合矿区第一期黄铜矿Re-Os年龄其与岩体形成年龄基本一致,指示矿区内存在两期成矿事件即早期白钨矿化、黄铜矿化和晚期黄铜矿、辉钼矿矿化。这也是首次在冈底斯成矿带南缘发现的与主碰撞期岩浆活动有关的成矿事件,同时也丰富了冈底斯带岩浆岩侵入序列与成矿事件的耦合关系,对于研究区域找矿具有十分重要的理论指导意义。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西、南缘奥陶纪地质事件群耦合作用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王振涛  周洪瑞  王训练  张永生  景秀春  邢恩袁 《地质学报》2015,89(11):1990-2004

北祁连造山带和北秦岭造山带在早古生代经历了相似的洋陆转化过程,于奥陶纪时发育了汇聚板块边缘的沟-弧-盆体系,分别形成了北西向展布的北祁连造山带走廊南山北缘早古生代岛弧及弧后盆地和东西向展布的北秦岭造山带早古生代岛弧及弧后盆地。期间,秦岭-祁连洋的俯冲造山作用和鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘沉积类型和内陆湖盆的发展演化之间存在有机的联系,构成了盆-山耦合体系,引发一系列构造事件、火山喷发事件和多种类型的事件沉积等。它们之间存在着一系列成因机制上的联系,有着共同的宏观背景。鄂尔多斯盆地西、南缘在几乎相同时期存在一次构造背景的转变,由被动大陆边缘转化为主动大陆边缘,并诱发了多期火山喷发事件,在盆地西南缘奥陶系形成多套斑脱岩夹层,这些斑脱岩可能为同时期或者稍后的钾盐矿(包括含钾卤水)的形成提供了重要物源。同时,鄂尔多斯盆地南缘由浅水碳酸盐台地陷落为深水斜坡,在盆地西、南缘奥陶系有规律的集中发育重力流沉积(海底扇、浊积岩等)、滑塌沉积和震积岩等事件沉积。从形成机制上,华南板块向北俯冲触发了火山活动和地震,火山喷发在奥陶系集中沉积了多套凝灰岩夹层,地震活动导致同时期大套重力流沉积,并触发相对深水区沉积物向深水区移动,使得重力流沉积转化为浊流沉积,形成了具有良好储层的浊积岩。统计表明,上述事件发育的时间与秦岭地区构造活动相对最活跃的时期基本一致。因此这些分布稳定的凝灰岩薄层和中奥陶世集中有规律分布的重力流沉积砂体为华南板块向华北本快俯冲背景下形成的,它们之间存在耦合关系。  相似文献