海风辐合线对雷暴系统触发、合并的动热力过程   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

易笑园  刘一玮  孙密娜  东高红  李青春 《气象》2014,40(12):1539-1548

利用加密自动气象站和雷达监测资料,结合VDRAS资料(其时间分辨率12 min、水平垂直分辨率分别是3和1 km左右),分别针对单纯海风辐合线触发和海风辐合线与已有雷暴系统合并的两个实例,揭示海风辐合线对雷暴系统影响的动力和热力过程。结果表明:(1)在环境系统风很弱时,天津沿海海风伸入内陆的移速约为15~18 km·h~(-1),且海风过后,气温降低、湿度加大。(2)海风辐合线配合地面高不稳定区,从而触发和加强了雷暴系统,对雷暴系统的预警时间可达2 h。(3)雷暴单体在海风辐合线附近产生,这与倾斜海风锋锋面(向海洋一侧倾斜)上的中尺度垂直环流相对应。(4)海风辐合线与雷暴系统合并后,雷暴系统强烈发展是由于海风辐合线附近积聚着水汽,同时也是辐合上升运动大值区的缘故。  相似文献   

Diagnosis of a Moist Thermodynamic Advection Parameter in Heavy-Rainfall Events   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

WU Xiandu  RAN Lingkun  CHU Yanli 《大气科学进展》2011,28(4):957-972

A moist thermodynamic advection parameter, defined as an absolute value of the dot product of hori- zontal gradients of three-dimensional potential temperature advection and general potential temperature, is introduced to diagnose frontal heavy rainfall events in the north of China. It is shown that the parameter is closely related to observed 6-h accumulative surface rainfall and simulated cloud hydrometeors. Since the parameter is capable of describing the typical vertical structural characteristics of dynamic, thermodynamic and water vapor fields above a strong precipitation region near the front surface, it may serve as a physical tracker to detect precipitable weather systems near to a front. A tendency equation of the parameter was derived in Cartesian coordinates and calculated with the simulation output data of a heavy rainfall event. Results revealed that the advection of the parameter by the three-dimensional velocity vector, the covariance of potential temperature advection by local change of the velocity vector and general potential temperature, and the interaction between potential temperature advection and the source or sink of general potential temperature, accounted for local change in the parameter. This indicated that the parameter was determined by a combination of dynamic processes and cloud microphysical processes.  相似文献   

Thermodynamic Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones with RapidIntensity Change over the Coastal Waters of China     

于玉斌  姚秀萍 《气象学报》2011,25(4):467-477

In order to investigate the different thermodynamic mechanisms between rapid intensifying (RI) and rapid weakening (RW) tropical cyclones (TCs),the thermodynamic structures of two sets of composite TCs are analyzed based on the complete-form vertical vorticity tendency equation and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.Each composite is composed of five TCs,whose intensities change rapidly over the coastal waters of China.The results show that the maximum apparent heating source Q1 exists in both the upper and lower troposphere near the RI TC center,and Q1 gets stronger at the lower level during the TC intensification period.But for the RW TC,the maximum Q1 exists at the middle level near the TC center,and Q1 gets weaker while the TC weakens.The maximum apparent moisture sink Q2 lies in the mid troposphere.Q2 becomes stronger and its peak-value height rises while TC intensifies,and vice versa.The increase of diabatic heating with height near the TC center in the mid-upper troposphere and the increase of vertical inhomogeneous heating near the TC center in the lower troposphere are both favorable to the TCs' rapid intensification; otherwise,the intensity of the TC decreases rapidly.  相似文献   

Investigation of the thermodynamic processes of a floe-lead system in the central Arctic during later summer     

LEI RuiBo  LI ZhiJun  CHENG Bin  YANG QingHua  LI Na 《极地研究(英文版)》2011,22(1):10-16

Thermodynamic processes of a system involving a floe and a small lead in the central Arctic were investigated during the ice-camp period of the third Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition from 20 to 28 August, 2008. The measurements included surface air temperatures above the floe, spectral albedo of the lead, seawater temperatures in the lead and under the ice cover, and the lateral and bottom mass balance of the floe. The surface air temperature at 1.15 m remained below 0℃ throughout the observation period and sea ice had commenced its annual cycle of growth in response to autumn cooling during the study. The surface of the lead was frozen by 23 August, after which the spectral albedo of the thin-ice-covered lead in the band of 320-950 nm was 0.46 ±0.03, the seawater temperatures both in the lead and under the ice cover, as well as the vertical seawater-temperature gradient in the lead decreased gradually, and the oceanic heat under the ice was maintained at a low level approaching 0 W/m2. By the end of the measurement, the thickness of the investigated floe had reached its annual minimum, while the lateral of the floe was still in the melting phase, with a mean melting rate of 1.0 ±0.3 cm/d during the measurement, responding to an equivalent latent heat flux of 21 ±6 W/m2. The lateral melting of the floe had made a more significant contribution to the sea-ice mass balance than the surface and bottom melting in the end of August.  相似文献   

Prograde pressure–temperature paths in the pelitic schists of the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, SW Japan     

M. Inui  M. Toriumi 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2002,20(6):563-580

Prograde P–T paths recorded by the chemistry of minerals of subduction‐related metamorphic rocks allow inference of tectonic processes at convergent margins. This paper elucidates the changing P–T conditions during garnet growth in pelitic schists of the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, which is a subduction related metamorphic belt in the south‐western part of Japan. Three types of chemical zoning patterns were observed in garnet: Ca‐rich normal zoning, Ca‐poor normal zoning and intrasectoral zoning. Petrological studies indicate that normally‐zoned garnet grains grew keeping surface chemical equilibrium with the matrix, in the stable mineral assemblage of garnet + muscovite + chlorite + plagioclase + paragonite + epidote + quartz ± biotite. Pressure and temperature histories were inversely calculated from the normally‐zoned garnet in this assemblage, applying the differential thermodynamic method (Gibbs' method) with the latest available thermodynamic data set for minerals. The deduced P–T paths indicate slight increase of temperature with increasing pressure throughout garnet growth, having an average dP/dT of 0.4–0.5 GPa/100 °C. Garnet started growing at around 470 °C and 0.6 GPa to achieve the thermal and baric peak condition near the rim (520 °C, 0.9 GPa). The high‐temperature condition at relatively low pressure (for subduction related metamorphism) suggests that heating occurred before or simultaneously with subduction.  相似文献   

东秦岭火山岩的壳幔热动力状态及造山模式     

何瑞芳  段联合 《地球科学与环境学报》1993,(3)

根据火山岩、沉积岩、变质作用与花岗岩成岩和形成环境的综合研究,本文确认熊耳群玄武粗安岩-英安流纹岩组合、大红口组粗面岩组合具低级壳幔热动力状态,形成于大陆裂谷环境;秦岭群、宽坪群变拉斑玄武岩建造具中级壳幔热动力状态,形成于海槽环境;二郎坪群、丹凤群细碧岩-石英角斑岩建造发育于高级壳幔热动力状态的海盆环境,具有下地幔岩石圈拆离导致的A型俯冲造山模式。  相似文献   

Processes on the Thermodynamic?Properties?of?Lithium?Borates     

HU Haiqing  ZHANG Sisi  GUO Yafei  WANG Shiqiang  DENG Tianlong 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):337-338

正1 Introduction Lithium and its compounds as national strategic resources are extensively used in national defense,industrial and agricultural production.As we know,the salt lakes in the western of China are famous for its high  相似文献   

范氏气体准静态开放式系统与气枪子波模拟     

张雪阳  袁修贵  朱世华  赵庆献  伍忠良 《物探化探计算技术》2014,(4):458-461

在范氏气枪模型中,理想气体准静态开放式系统方程通常被直接应用在范氏气体条件下,从而引起模拟结果的偏差。这里详细推导了范氏气体条件下准静态开放式热力学系统方程,并结合气泡振荡方程,应用四阶Runge-Kutta方法进行子波模拟。经过与实际数据对比分析,得到比原范氏气枪模型更接近实测子波的结果。  相似文献   

六元体系Li–Na–K–Mg–Cl–SO₄–H₂O多温相平衡预测          下载免费PDF全文

崔瑞芝  聂国亮  Kaj Thomsen  李军  李武 《盐湖研究》2022,30(2)

采用基于扩展UNIQUAC模型的AQSOL027软件针对水盐体系Li–Na–K–Mg–Cl–SO₄–H₂O的六个五元子体系进行相平衡理论计算,首次报道了多个五元子体系在多个温度条件下的相图,将计算相图与已有实验相图以及基于其它热力学模型的计算相图进行了比较。结果表明：AQSOL027在相图计算中具有较好的准确性和可靠性。AQSOL027是一款基于Excel、用于计算复杂多温水-盐体系Li–Na–K–Mg–Ca–H–Cl–(HSO₄/SO₄)–(CO₂/HCO₃/CO₃)–(H₃BO₃/B₄O₇/BO₂)–OH–H₂O的计算机软件,集成了扩展UNIQUAC模型和相平衡算法,该软件可结合SysCAD和Aspen过程模拟器,实现盐田工艺过程的计算机辅助设计。  相似文献   

Impact of European Black Carbon on East Asian Summer Climate          下载免费PDF全文

WAN Jiang-Hua  Rashed MAHMOOD  LI Shuanglin 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,6(5):375-380

The remote response of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)to European black carbon(EUBC)aerosols was studied by using an ensemble of sensitivity experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory(GFDL)atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM)Atmospheric Model version 2.1(AM2.1).The results show that EUBC causes an enhanced EASM.The resulted enhanced southwesterly brings more moisture supply from the Bay of Bengal,which causes an increase in precipitation over the Yangtze River valley,northeastern China,the eastern part of the Yellow River valley,and the Tibetan Plateau.Diagnostic examination suggests that EUBC induces enhanced tropospheric heating over most of the Eurasian Continent through a propagating wave train and horizontal air temperature advection.This phenomenon results in intensified thermal contrast between land and ocean,which accounts for the enhanced EASM.Moreover,reductions in EUBC emission in 1992 may have contributed to decadal weakening of the EASM in the early 1990s.  相似文献