The relative role of constructive and destructive processes in dune evolution on Cape Lookout National Seashore,North Carolina,USA     

Paige A. Hovenga  Peter Ruggiero  Evan B. Goldstein  Sally D. Hacker  Laura J. Moore 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(14):2824-2840

Coastal dunes are dynamic features that are continuously evolving due to constructive (e.g., wind- and wave-driven sediment transport) and destructive (e.g., elevated total water levels during storm events) processes. However, the relative importance of these processes in determining dune evolution is often poorly understood. In this study, ten lidar datasets from 1997 to 2016 are used to determine the relative role of erosion and accretion processes driving foredune change on the coast of Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina, USA. Beach and dune morphometrics reveal that dune toe locations have generally retreated since 1997, while dune crest heights accreted by 0.01–0.02 m/year. We develop three univariate metrics that represent (1) the potential for erosion, i.e., total water level impact hours per year, (2) accretion, i.e., dune building hours per year, and (3) the relative net effect of foredune accretion and erosion processes, i.e., constructive–destructive dune forcing (CDDF) ratio, and test the correlative power of these metrics in explaining changes in foredune morphology. The total water level impact hours per year metric explained as much as 66% and 67% of the variance in dune crest and toe elevations, respectively, across the nearly two decades of dune evolution. The greatest number of dune building hours per year and largest dunes within the study site co-occurred at locations exposed to the dominant cross-shore wind direction as a result of varying shoreline orientation. The CDDF ratio was positively correlated to changes in the dune toe elevation in approximately 70% of dunes within the study site, outperforming the impact and dune building hours per year metrics. Our results show that these three metrics can provide first-order estimates of dune morphometric change across multiple spatial and temporal scales, which may be particularly useful at sites where lidar acquisition is intermittent.  相似文献   

MI琼脂法同时检测环境水样中总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌     

嵇志远  王维玮  文扬 《岩矿测试》2013,32(5):747-752

总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌是表征环境水样中粪便污染的两个重要指标。对这两个指标的检测,传统的多管发酵法和滤膜法已经无法满足快速、准确的检测要求。而近年来能够快速测定的固定酶底物技术(DST)已经在国内开始运用,但是由于其检测成本较高,影响了其在基层实验室的推广,MI琼脂法的出现较好地弥补了这个缺陷。本文应用MI琼脂法检测环境水样中总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌,对其方法性能进行了测试和研究,选择国家标准方法——远藤琼脂法作为比较对象,通过菌种加标回收试验比较MI琼脂法和远藤琼脂法的灵敏度差异,通过实际水样的检测验证MI琼脂法和国标法是否具有等效性。结果表明:使用MI琼脂法检测总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌加标样品的平均回收率分别为89.2%和88.8%,分别高于远藤琼脂法的81.0%和81.2%,证明MI琼脂法的灵敏度高于远藤琼脂法。MI琼脂法和远藤琼脂法检测总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌的相关系数分别为0.9627和0.9511,都具有显著相关性,且检测结果没有统计学意义上的差异,证明两种方法检测总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌具有等效性。与国家标准方法相比,MI琼脂法具有灵敏度高、操作简便、检测周期短、检测成本低、可同时检测两个指标等优点,可以替代传统的滤膜法作为检测总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌的新方法。  相似文献   

基于精密三角高程测量的基坑变形监测方法研究     

喜文飞  史正涛 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(10):263-265

传统的基坑监测中,几何水准测量工作效率低,任务量大。针对这些不足,本文采用一种新的三角高程测量方法进行变形监测,该方法可以使全站仪在任意点设站,减少了工作量,在测量中,不用量取仪器高、棱镜高,减少了三角高程测量中的误差来源,提高了精度。通过分析三角高程测量的精度,验证了精密三角高程测量代替几何水准测量的可行性与可靠性,结合基坑监测实例,将三角高程测量的数据与几何水准测量的数据进行比较．比较的结果显示,该三角测量方法结合精密全站仪可以替代几何水准测量,在实际工作中具有一定的适用性和参考价值。  相似文献   

Slope control on the frequency distribution of shallow landslides and associated soil properties,North Island,New Zealand     

Ronald C. De Rose 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(4):356-371

The extrapolation of results from field trials to larger areas of land for purposes of regional impact assessment is an important issue in geomorphology, particularly for landform properties that show high stochastic variability in space and time, such as shallow landslide erosion. It is shown in this study, that by identifying the main driver for spatial variability in shallow landslide erosion at field scales, namely slope angle, it is possible to develop a set of generic functions for assessing the impact of landslides on selected soil properties at larger spatial scales and over longer time periods. Research was conducted within an area of pastoral soft‐rock Tertiary hill country in the North Island of New Zealand that is subject to infrequent high intensity rainfall events, producing numerous landslides, most of which are smaller than several hundred square metres in size and remove soil to shallow depths. All landslides were mapped within a 0·6 km² area and registered to a high resolution (2 m) slope map to show that few landslides occur on slopes < 20° and 95% were on slopes > 24°. The areal density of landslides from all historical events showed an approximately linear increase with slope above 24°. Integrating landslide densities with soil recovery data demonstrates that the average value of a soil property fluctuates in a ‘saw‐tooth’ fashion through time with the overall shape of the curve controlled by the frequency of landslide inducing storm events and recovery rate of the soil property between events. Despite such fluctuations, there are gradual declines of 7·5% in average total carbon content of topsoil and 9·5% in average soil depth to bedrock, since the time of forest clearance. Results have application to large‐scale sediment budget and water quality models and to the New Zealand Soil Carbon Monitoring System (CMS). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Methodology and Application of Hafnium Isotopes in Ilmenite and Rutile by MC‐ICP‐MS     

Caroline‐Emmanuelle Morisset  James S. Scoates  Dominique Weis  André Rahier 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2014,38(2):159-176

The high abundances of the high field‐strength elements in ilmenite and rutile make these minerals particularly suitable for hafnium isotopic investigations. We present a technique for separating Hf by ion exchange chemistry from high‐TiO₂ (> 40% m/m) minerals to achieve precise Hf isotopic composition analyses by MC (multiple collector)‐ICP‐MS. Following digestion and conversion to chlorides, the first elution column is used to separate iron and the rare earth elements, the second column is designed to separate most of the titanium from Hf, an evaporation step using HClO₄ is then performed to remove any trace of HF in preparation for the third column, which is needed to eliminate any remaining trace of titanium. The modified chemistry helped to improve the yields from < 10 to > 78% as well as the analytical precision of the processed samples (e.g., sample 2033‐A1, ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf = 0.282251 ± 25 before vs. 0.282225 ± 6 after). The technique was tested on a case study in which the Hf isotopic ratios of ilmenite and rutile (analysed prior to the chemistry improvement) were determined and permitted to evaluate that the origin of rutile‐bearing ilmenite deposits is from the same or similar magma than their, respectively, associated Proterozoic anorthosite massifs (Saint‐Urbain and Lac Allard) of the Grenville Province in Québec, Canada.  相似文献   

改进的曲波变换及全变差联合去噪技术     

薛永安  王勇  李红彩 《物探与化探》2014,(1):81-86

运用常规的基于曲波变换和全变差的联合去噪技术,可以有效地衰减随机噪声,较好地克服使用曲波变换带来的强能量团以及在同相轴边缘产生的不光滑现象,但是这种常规的联合去噪方法对有效信号有一定的损害。笔者采用一种多尺度多方向改进的Donoho阈值去噪思想,较好地克服了常规的联合去噪方法的缺陷,保护了有效信号。该方法在应用曲波变换去噪时,对每一个尺度的每一个方向都选取一个合适的阈值因子,而不是常规的方法对整个曲波系数矩阵只选取一个固定比例的阈值因子。理论模型与实际资料的处理结果表明,该技术最大限度地保留了地震数据的有效信号,在地震资料处理中具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

山东牟平邓格庄金矿Ⅱ号脉盲矿体预测地球化学标志          下载免费PDF全文

任曙光  李惠  刘春岚  吕明光  李德亮  管安民  赵佳祥  魏江 《地质找矿论丛》2014,29(2):284-288

文章总结了邓格庄金矿床Ⅱ号脉元素组合及不同成矿阶段元素含量特征,研究了金矿体的原生晕、石英包裹体气晕-离子晕的轴向分带及其叠加特点,确定了盲矿体预测的原生叠加晕及石英包裹体气晕-离子晕地球化学标志;对深部进行的盲矿体预测取得了较好的效果。  相似文献   

试析GPS与全站仪在西藏矿山测量中的应用     

李飞  张维立  王伟 《吉林地质》2014,(3):129-133

简单介绍了GPS与全站仪的工作原理,详细地介绍了GPS与全站仪在西藏自治区那曲奔锅银铅矿区的测量应用。以三角形的形状进行规则设置,在测量过程中采取以点连线,以线组网的形式,通过设立多个E级GPS点以及RTK图根控制点来协助完成。  相似文献   

关于水土压力计算及抗剪强度指标选用的探讨     

张海东  刘旭 《岩土工程技术》2014,(1):24-28

抗剪强度指标是岩土计算中的重要参数,不同试验条件下的抗剪强度指标如何在工程实践中应用关乎工程的安全稳定与否,这一问题一直是工程界争论的热点.从基本概念入手,对一些似是而非的概念进行了梳理,提出了水土合算无实际工程意义,有效自重压力不能等同于有效应力的论断,概括了工程实践中如何选用抗剪强度指标的基本思路,期望能对正确理解土力学原理及工程实践有借鉴指导意义.  相似文献   

广东三个离子吸附型稀土矿的地球化学特征及开采现状   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄华谷  黄铁兰  周兆帅  屈文俊 《岩矿测试》2014,33(5):737-746

广东稀土资源丰富,资源种类较全,但真正具有工业意义只有离子吸附型稀土矿。已有调查表明广东富有重稀土资源,重稀土资源量约占离子吸附型稀土资源总量的1/3。广东现仅有采矿权企业三家(简称A、B、C矿区),2013年度开采指标REO(稀土氧化物含量)仅为2200吨,但离子型稀土年分离能力超万吨,供需矛盾突出。为了解广东稀土矿开采现状,本文在具备采矿证的A、B和C三个矿区采集风化壳剖面和尾砂样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析稀土元素、微量元素和相关有用元素的含量,获得了一批新数据,研究矿区的地球化学特征和资源潜力。数据分析表明:1广东稀土资源非常丰富,实际资源量与现有报告评估的资源量有着极大的差别,相差两个数量级。2三个稀土矿的风化壳原矿的轻稀土/重稀土的比值为1.8~6.6,说明三个稀土矿均为轻稀土矿;只开采轻稀土矿,与市场需求和广东富有重稀土资源的情况都不相符,年稀土开采指标与年冶炼分离能力也存在极大缺口,无论资源类型和数量都无法满足经济对稀土资源的巨大需求,建议考虑适当增加稀土矿证和开采指标。3A矿区和C矿区的腐植层和半风化层稀土含量都不高,成矿部位在全风化层,成矿模式为浅伏式;B矿区的腐植层和全风化层稀土含量高(最高超过0.3%),为成矿部位,成矿模式为表露式。4风化壳采矿位置尚需根据市场情况调整,减少矿体的漏采,尾砂稀土资源有待回收利用。5风化壳和尾砂样品微量元素含量相对陆壳丰度,多数元素富集倍数低于10,部分元素甚至出现亏损,没有回收利用价值。  相似文献