西北冰洋楚科奇海台南部08P23孔氧同位素3期以来的古海洋与古气候记录     

章陶亮  王汝建  肖文申  陈志华  陈建芳  程振波  孙烨忱 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(3):68-75

Multiproxy investigations have been performed on Core 08P23 collected from the Chukchi Plateau, the western Arctic Ocean, during the Third Chinese National Arctic Expedition. The core was dated back to Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 3 by a combination of Accelerator Mass Spectrometric(AMS) carbon-14 dating and regional core correlation. A total of five prominent ice-rafted detritus(IRD) events were recognized in MIS 2 and MIS 3. The IRD sources in MIS 3 are originated from vast carbonate rock outcrops of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and clastic quartz in MIS 2 may have a Eurasian origin. Most δ18O and δ13C values of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma(sinistral)(Nps) in Core 08P23 are lighter than the average values of surface sediments. The lighter δ18O and δ13C values of Nps in the two brown layers in MIS 1 and MIS 3 were resulted from meltwater events; and those in the gray layers in MIS 3 were caused by the enhanced sea ice formation. The δ18O values varied inversely with δ13C in MIS 2 indicate that the study area was covered by thick sea ice or ice sheet with low temperature and little meltwater, which prevented the biological productivity and sea-atmosphere exchange, as well as water mass ventilation. The covaried light values of δ18O and δ13C in MIS 1 and MIS 3 were resulted from meltwater and/or brine injection.  相似文献   

三类厄尔尼诺事件对东亚大气环流及中国东部次年夏季降水的影响          下载免费PDF全文

李丽平  宋哲  吴楠 《大气科学学报》2015,38(6):753-765

利用全球海表温度(SST)资料、ONI(Oceanic Nino Index)序列以及中国160站逐月降水资料,研究了不同类型El Nino事件的主要特征及其对东亚大气环流及中国东部次年夏季逐月及季节降水的影响。结果表明:1)据El Nino事件期间SST最大正异常所在区域,将El Nino事件分为Nino3、Nino4和Nino3.4型。2)El Nino事件次年6月,Nino3型时降水显著正异常区主要位于鄱阳湖和洞庭湖流域,Nino4型时位于鄱阳湖流域、桂粤湘三省交界及广西西部,Nino3.4型时位于洞庭湖流域。7月Nino3型降水显著正异常区北移至长江流域,8月则呈西多东少反相分布。从次年6月至8月,Nino4型降水显著正异常区逐渐北移,Nino3.4型降水显著正异常区则从南到北再移向东北。3)在整个次年夏季,Nino3、Nino4和Nino3.4型降水显著正异常区在中国东部呈自南向北分布。无论逐月或季节降水,均是Nino4型降水正异常最强、Nino3.4型最弱。4)不同类型事件次年夏季和各月环流特征存在一定差异,总体而言,对于南亚高压,Nino3型、Nino4型事件后呈偏强、东伸和北抬的特点,且后者较前者时更强;Nino3.4型事件后主要呈减弱、西退特征。对于西太平洋副热带高压,Nino3型、Nino4型事件后主要呈偏强、西伸、北抬特征,后者较前者更强,西伸、北抬也更明显;Nino3.4型后,副高以东撤、北抬特征为主。  相似文献   

2014年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述     

廖移山  汪小康  邓雯  闵爱荣  何立富 《湖北气象》2015,34(1)

利用日降水资料(08—08时)和常规天气图资料,以1981—2010年30 a平均降水量为气候态,统计2014年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程,概述各主要暴雨过程的重要影响系统、出现时段、范围及累积降水量。结果表明:2014年4—10月我国共出现194个暴雨日,32次主要暴雨过程。5—9月为我国主汛期,国内每天基本上都有暴雨发生,主要暴雨过程也基本上集中在这5个月。2014年共有5个台风登陆我国,数量偏少但强度偏大,1409号超强台风"威马逊(Rammasun)"造成海南昌江578 mm的当年全国最大日降水量。2014年华南前汛期开始早、雨量多,5月暴雨日数和主要暴雨过程次数均高于近6年平均,广东东南部较常年同期降水量偏多1~2倍,暴雨过程频发,深圳遭遇2008年以来最强暴雨。9月8—18日,四川盆地东北部、陕西中南部、河南等地共有百余站出现极端连续降水日数和连续降水量事件。  相似文献   

STUDY OF A COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING INDEX FOR TWO TYPES OF ENSO EVENTS   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

曹璐  孙丞虎  任福民  袁媛  江静 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(2):153-160

Some recent studies presented two existing types of ENSO events, one is the Eastern-Pacific(EP) type and the other the Central-Pacific(CP) type. This study examined the monitoring ability of several current operational ENSO indices. The results indicated that a single index could not distinguish the EP and CP in the historical ENSO events during 1950-2009. The Nio 3 index may only be suitable for monitoring the EP-type ENSO, while the Nio 4 index works only for the CP-type ENSO. In order to capture the occurrence of ENSO events and distinguish the type, we considered a new monitoring index group using Nio 3 and Nio 4 indices. Further analysis confirmed that this index group can monitor different types of historical ENSO events with different spatial distribution of sea surface temperature. It has a good performance in determining the characteristics of the ENSO events, including peak intensity, onset,decay, and mature phase.  相似文献   

A late eocene-early Oligocene transgressive event in the Golfo San Jorge basin: Palynological results and stratigraphic implications     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2015

A new Cenozoic dataset in the subsurface of the South Flank of the Golfo San Jorge Basin (Santa Cruz province) allowed to identify a non-previously recognized transgressive event of late Eocene to early Oligocene age. Below of a marine succession containing a dinoflagellate cyst assemblage that characterizes the C/G palynological zone of the Chenque Formation (early Miocene), a 80–110 m thick marine succession contains a palynological assemblage integrated by Gelatia inflata, Diphyes colligerum and Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata supporting the occurrence of a marine incursion in the basin during the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT). The new lithostratigraphic unit - here defined as El Huemul Formation – covers in sharp contact to the Sarmiento Formation, and become thinner from East to West; the unit has been identified in about 1800 well logs covering up to 3500 km², and its subsurface distribution exceed the boundaries of the study area. The El Huemul Formation consists of a thin lag of glauconitic sandstones with fining-upward log motif, followed by a mudstone-dominated succession that coarsening-upward to sandstones, evidencing a full T-R cycle. Preservation of the El Huemul Formation in the subsurface of the South Flank has been favored by the reactivation of WNW-ESE late Cretaceous normal faults, and by the generation of N–S striking normal faults of Paleocene-Eocene age. Flexural loading associated to igneous intrusions of Paleocene?- middle Eocene age also promoted the increase of subsidence in the South Flank of the basin prior to the transgression.  相似文献   

东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组边缘海-浅海相识别与油气储层   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

吴贤涛  张国成 《沉积学报》2015,33(2):364-375

东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组有无海相沉积久争不决。痕迹学、沉积学和古生物学综合研究,识别出那里存在海退与海进层序。海退层序在开31井3 553.30 m和3 552.70 m处分别见到压扁层理、双泥披(double clay drapes)。3 551.70 m处,出现丘状交错层理(表现为洼槽状向上弯曲平行纹理和凸起状向上弯曲平行纹理),显示前滨和临滨环境。3 551.50 m处,代表后滨环境的植物根迹出现,完成一个海退层序。另一个海退层序出现在新胡4井,从见到海相痕迹化石Diplocraterion、Palaeophycos、Terebellina开始(2 969.10 m;2 966.40 m)到出现植物根迹(2 931.93 m)结束。以上两个海退层序反映东濮凹陷沙四段沉积期,海水影响所及,仅限于边缘海的前滨和临滨深度范围。与海退层序不同,海进层序显示海水显著加深。文72-104井指示三角洲边缘海湾环境的痕迹化石Teichichnus(3 146 m),过渡带痕迹Rhizocoralliun(3 109.28 m)至滨外生物痕迹Zoophycos(3 050.10 m),记录到一次具有滨外环境的海进过程。开34井3 424 m至3 260 m依次出现透镜层理、植物根迹、透镜层理、羽状交错层理,解释为前滨环境。3 267~3 260 m由压扁层理(3 267.00 m)双向前积层理(3 266.81 m)为标志的前滨环境到具有Thalassinoides(3 266.25 m)、Macaronichnos痕迹化石所指示的临滨环境,再到生物扰动达70%并具颗石藻所代表的滨外浅海环境,结束一次海进过程。海进层序被固底底质控制痕迹相所指示的沉积不连续界面所限定,有利于不整合圈闭的形成。  相似文献   

强降水事件的判定指标及评估研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈圣劼  张柳  康志明  刘梅  田心如 《气象科学》2023,43(4):505-514

以江苏1961—2020年夏季(6—9月)强降水事件的监测为例,分析评估了多种强降水事件的判定指标,如以百分位法、Gamma分布法和重现期法为代表的频率匹配阈值法及考虑偏离气候态程度的异常度法。结果表明,由于降水事件的区域差异和季节内变化特征,强(极端强)降水事件判定指标的设计应分区域分时段讨论,且能定量反映降水强度大、相对气候态异常显著且发生概率少(极少)的特点。不同判定方法所强调的强(极端强)降水事件的特点不同,如百分位法Type-Ⅱ强调了降水极值的极少发生,异常度法突出反映大幅度偏离气候态的程度。不同指标所确立的阈值大小也存在明显差别,如对于江苏夏季极端强降水事件的判定,百分位法Type-Ⅱ阈值最高,其次是异常度法,分别相当于20、10 a一遇最大降水量,百分位法Type-Ⅲ和Gamma分布法则相当于5 a一遇最大降水量。在与降水相关的服务工作中,不同地区需制定更详细的地方标准来明确强降水事件的定义,增强服务用语的规范性。  相似文献   

Improving extreme hydrologic events forecasting using a new criterion for artificial neural network selection     

Paulin Coulibaly  Bernard Bobe  Franois Anctil 《水文研究》2001,15(8):1533-1536

The issue of selecting appropriate model input parameters is addressed using a peak and low flow criterion (PLC). The optimal artificial neural network (ANN) models selected using the PLC significantly outperform those identified with the classical root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) or the conventional Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC) statistics. The comparative forecast results indicate that the PLC can help to design an appropriate ANN model to improve extreme hydrologic events (peak and low flow) forecast accuracy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Influence of the Arctic on the Predictability of Eurasian Winter Extreme Weather Events     

Guokun DAI  Mu MU 《大气科学进展》2020,37(4):307-317

The linkage between the Arctic and midlatitudes has received much attention recently due to the rapidly changing climate.Many investigations have been conducted to reveal the relationship between the Arctic and Eurasian extreme events from the perspective of climatological statistics.As a prediction source for extreme events in Eurasia,Arctic conditions are crucial for extreme event predictions.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the Arctic influence on the predictability of Eurasian extreme events due to the large uncertainties in Arctic conditions.Considering the sensitivity and nonlinearity of the atmospheric circulations in midlatitude to Arctic conditions,it is necessary to investigate the Arctic influences on Eurasian extreme weather events in case studies at weather time scales.Previous studies indicate that only perturbations in specific patterns have fast growth.Thus,the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach is recommended for exploring the uncertainties in Arctic initial and boundary conditions and their synergistic effect on Eurasian extreme events.Moreover,the mechanism for extreme event formation may differ in different cases.Therefore,more extreme cases should be investigated to reach robust conclusions.  相似文献   

中国东部雨季降水事件的静默时间特征及内在动力学机制初探     

钱忠华  周前进  刘莉  封国林 《气象学报》2020,78(6):914-927

为了挖掘降水的内在非线性动力学机制,基于1960—2017年4—9月的中国日降水数据,利用百分位阈值法确定不同强度的降水事件,定义相邻同强度降水事件之间的间隔时间为“静默时间”,描述同阈值降水事件再次发生的历时长短。“平均静默时间”可以表征不同强度降水事件的群发性特征,即某一时段内,平均静默时间越短（长）,同类型降水事件再次发生的历时越短（长）,其群发性程度越强（弱）。分析不同强度降水事件的平均静默时间在中国东部地区的空间分布和时间演变特征表明: 1960—2017年,一般强度降水事件在长江中游地区较其余地区群发性强,而东北南部地区则较弱; 极端降水事件在中国东部北方地区群发性较强,而在南方地区则偏弱。就气候态演化过程而言,一般强度降水事件的群发性在长江以南地区有所增强,在东北南部地区则呈减弱趋势;极端降水事件的群发性特征在中国东部北方地区不断减弱,但在南方地区持续增强。各站点降水事件静默时间的概率密度函数均呈幂律分布,且时、空上呈无标度特征,表明日降水系统为现实世界中的自组织临界系统,为时间序列分析角度理解降水事件内在非线性动力学机制提供了新的视角。   相似文献