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151.
无网格伽辽金法应用的参数选择及内部边界处理 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
无网格辽金法作为-种新的岩土工程数值计算方法, 该法其只需节点信息的无单元特性, 使其具有计算优势。本文结合固结EFGM刚度矩阵公式, 对不同的计算参数进行计算分析, 找出其影响规律。并采用跳跃函数处理内部边界条件, 计算结果表明, EFGM处理内部场函数不连续是准确的。 相似文献
152.
153.
M. I. Todorovska S. S. Ivanovi M. D. Trifunac 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(3):705
For transient, high frequency, and pulse like excitation of structures in the near field of strong earthquakes, the classical design approach based on relative response spectrum and mode superposition may not be conservative. For such excitations, it is more natural to use wave propagation methods. In this paper (Part I), we review several two-dimensional wave propagation models of buildings and show results for theoretical dispersion curves computed for these models. We also estimate the parameters of these models that would correspond to a seven-story reinforced concrete building in Van Nuys, California. Ambient vibration tests data for this building imply vertical shear wave velocity βz=112 m/s and anisotropy factor βx/βz=0.55 for NS vibrations, and βz=88 m/s and βx/βz=1 for EW vibrations. The velocity of shear waves propagating through the slabs is estimated to be about 2000 m/s. In the companion paper (Part II), we estimate phase velocities of vertically and horizontally propagating waves between seven pairs of recording points in the building using recorded response to four earthquakes. 相似文献
154.
A new formulation is proposed to model pounding between two adjacent structures, with natural periods T1 and T2 and damping ratios ζ1 and ζ2 under harmonic earthquake excitation, as non‐linear Hertzian impact between two single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillators. For the case of rigid impacts, a special case of our analytical solution has been given by Davis (‘Pounding of buildings modelled by an impact oscillator’ Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1992; 21 :253–274) for an oscillator pounding on a stationary barrier. Our analytical predictions for rigid impacts agree qualitatively with our numerical simulations for non‐rigid impacts. When the difference in natural periods between the two oscillators increases, the impact velocity also increases drastically. The impact velocity spectrum is, however, relatively insensitive to the standoff distance. The maximum relative impact velocity of the coupled system can occur at an excitation period Tn* which is either between those of the two oscillators or less than both of them, depending on the ratios T1/T2 and ζ1/ζ2. Although the pounding force between two oscillators has been primarily modelled by the Hertz contact law, parametric studies show that the maximum relative impact velocity is not very sensitive to changes in the contact parameters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
155.
利用发展的包含海洋表面边界展和大气辐合反馈过程的热带太平洋海气耦合距平模式,对ENSO循环进行了模拟。通过30a积分,用合模式所展示的热带太平洋海气耦合系统的ENSO循环的水平结构演变特征和观测事实甚为一致,成功地模拟出了ENSO循环的冷暖态的发生发展、衰亡及相互转换等各个位相的动力和热力场的水平结构及其对季节循环的依赖性特征。本文数值模拟结果表明,ENSO循环的主要动力学过程可由热带海气相互作用系统自身所确定。ENSO循环的正确模拟是揭示其形成机制的前提。 相似文献
156.
S. M. El shazly 《大气科学进展》1996,13(3):349-358
The performance of two models,Jam and Baig,based on the modified version of Gaussian distribution function in estimating the daily total of global solar radiation and its distribution through the hours of the day from sunrise to sunset al any clear day is evaluated with our own measured data in the period from June 1992 to May 1993 in Qena Egypt The results show a high relative deviation of calculated values from measured ones,especially for Jain model,in the most hours of the day,except for those near to local noon.This misfit behavior is quite obvious in the early morning and late afternoon A new approach has been proposed in this paper to estimate the daily and hourly global solar radiation This model performs with very high accuracy on the recorded data in our region.The validity of this approach was verified with new measurements in some clear days in June and August 1994.The resultant very low relative deviation of the calculated values of global solar radiation from the measured ones confirms the 相似文献
157.
使用一枚携带chaff的火箭观测到的垂直速度数据,研究中层大气垂直速度扰动细微结构。结果表明,垂直速度扰动有明显的层状结构,各层厚度约150-500m,层间垂直分离距离在几百米到1-3km间。在垂直速度方差和低Ri数峰值间以及动力不稳定和MST雷达回波区域间有好的对应关系。水平速度垂直波数谱与饱和谱在谱斜率和谱振幅上存在好的一致.这些观测结果表明,火箭测量到的细微结构可以用波场饱和解释。 相似文献
158.
Deterministic sliding block methods for estimating seismic displacements of earth structures 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A review and quantitative comparison of existing deterministic sliding block methods for predicting permanent displacements of earth structures subjected to seismic loading is presented. The reviewed sliding block methods are divided into two main groups based on the characteristic earthquake parameters referenced in each method. One group uses the maximum horizontal ground acceleration and velocity, and the other uses the maximum horizontal ground acceleration and the predominant period of the acceleration spectrum. Displacement functions published by previous authors are reformulated to give common non-dimensionalized displacement functions of the critical acceleration ratio which are then used to compare the different methods for the estimate of permanent seismic displacement of soil structures. The results show that despite the fact that the different methods were formulated using a wide range of earthquake records and different characteristic seismic parameters, permanent displacement values predicted using these methods fall within a reasonably narrow band. Selected acceleration data from three recent earthquakes that occurred in California are used to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the reviewed displacement methods for practical applications. 相似文献
159.
Claudio Chiaruttini Stefano Grimaz Enrico Priolo 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1996,15(2):75
A two-dimensional elastic Chebyshev spectral element method (SPEM) is used to model the seismic wavefield within a massive structure and in its vicinity. We consider 2-D models where a linear elastic structure, with quadrangular cross-section, resting on an elastic homogeneous half-space, is impinged upon by the waves generated by a surface impulse at some distance. The scattering of Rayleigh waves and the response of the structure are extensively analysed in a parametric way, varying size, mechanical parameters and shape of the load. Some of the models considered are representative of embankments and earth dams. The simulation shows that some models resonate, storing part of the incoming energy. With realistic parameters, the lowest resonance frequency is due to pure shear deformation and is controlled by the shear velocity and height of the load. Flexural modes are excited only at higher frequencies. The acceleration at the top of the structure may be five/seven times higher than at the base, depending on the mass of the structure. The gradual release of trapped energy produces a ground roll lasting several seconds after the wave front has passed. The ground-roll amplitude depends on the sturcture's mass and can be as large as 30% of the peak acceleration. Outside resonance conditions, the ground motion is almost unaffected by the presence of the artefact; the horizontal motion on top of it is nearly twice the motion at ground level. Similar results should be expected when the incident field is an upcoming shear wave. A qualitative discussion shows that the presence of anelastic attenuation in the embankment does not significantly alter the preceding conclusions, unless it is of very low values (e.g. Q < 15).The modelling results that we discuss indicate that the soil-structure interaction may substantially alter the ‘free-field’ ground motion. From a practical point of view, the main conclusions are: (1) careful analysis is necessary when interpreting seismic records collected in the vicinity of large artefacts; (2) seismic hazard at a site may depend on the presence of man-made structures such as embankments, dams, tall and massive buildings. 相似文献
160.
耗散结构理论与地质学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
简要介绍了耗散结构理论,评述了该理论在矿物学、宕石学、矿床学、地球化学和构造地质学中应用的新进展;闲明了该理论在地质学中应用时应注意的关健问题。 相似文献