A critical evaluation of multi‐proxy dendroclimatology in northern Finland     

Danny McCarroll  Mervi Tuovinen  Rochelle Campbell  Mary Gagen  Håkan Grudd  Risto Jalkanen  Neil J. Loader  Iain Robertson 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(1):7-14

Twentieth‐century summer (July–August) temperatures in northern Finland are reconstructed using ring widths, maximum density and stable carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) of Scots pine tree rings, and using combinations of these proxies. Verification is based on the coefficient of determination (r²), reduction of error (RE) and coefficient of efficiency (CE) statistics. Of the individual proxies, δ¹³C performs best, followed by maximum density. Combining δ¹³C and maximum density strengthens the climate signal but adding ring widths leads to little improvement. Blue intensity, an inexpensive alternative to X‐ray densitometry, is shown to perform similarly. Multi‐proxy reconstruction of summer temperatures from a single site produces strong correlations with gridded climate data over most of northern Fennoscandia. Since relatively few trees are required (<15) the approach could be applied to long sub‐fossil chronologies where replication may be episodically low. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Continuous measurement of whole‐tree water balance for studying urban tree transpiration          下载免费PDF全文

Takashi Asawa  Tomoki Kiyono  Akira Hoyano 《水文研究》2017,31(17):3056-3068

Street and garden trees in urban areas are often exposed to advection of strong vapour pressure deficit (VPD) air that can raise the whole‐tree transpiration rate (E_T), known as the oasis effect. However, urban trees tend to have small soil volume compared with natural conditions, and so they are believed to strongly regulate stomata. E_T characteristics of such urban trees have not been well understood because of a lack of reliable measurement methods. Therefore, we propose a novel weighing lysimeter method and investigate the whole‐tree water balance of an isolated container‐grown Zelkova serrata to examine (a) which biotic and abiotic factors determine E_T and (b) which spatial and temporal information is needed to predict E_T under urban conditions. Whole‐tree water balance and environmental conditions were measured from 2010 to 2012. Although leaf area substantially increased in the study period, daily E_T did not vary much. E_T increased with VPD almost linearly in 2010 but showed saturation in 2011 and 2012. Root water uptake lagged E_T by 40 min in 2012. These results suggest that the small planter box interfered with root growth and that hydraulic supply capacities did not increase sufficiently to support leaf area increase. From analysis of water balance, we believe that neglecting soil drought effects on street trees without irrigation in Japan will overestimate E_T over 4–5 sunny days at the longest. This is unlike previous studies of forest.  相似文献   

Building a model-based personalised recommendation approach for tourist attractions from geotagged social media data     

Xiaoyu Sun  Xia Peng  Yiran Chen  Yu Liu 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2019,12(6):661-678

When travelling, people are accustomed to taking and uploading photos on social media websites, which has led to the accumulation of huge numbers of geotagged photos. Combined with multisource information (e.g. weather, transportation, or textual information), these geotagged photos could help us in constructing user preference profiles at a high level of detail. Therefore, using these geotagged photos, we built a personalised recommendation system to provide attraction recommendations that match a user's preferences. Specifically, we retrieved a geotagged photo collection from the public API for Flickr (Flickr.com) and fetched a large amount of other contextual information to rebuild a user's travel history. We then created a model-based recommendation method with a two-stage architecture that consists of candidate generation (the matching process) and candidate ranking. In the matching process, we used a support vector machine model that was modified for multiclass classification to generate the candidate list. In addition, we used a gradient boosting regression tree to score each candidate and rerank the list. Finally, we evaluated our recommendation results with respect to accuracy and ranking ability. Compared with widely used memory-based methods, our proposed method performs significantly better in the cold-start situation and when mining ‘long-tail’ data.  相似文献   

基于随机森林特征选择的城市绿化乔木树种分类     

温小乐  钟奥  胡秀娟 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(12):1777-1786

城市绿化在改善空气、水和土壤质量,吸收和减少二氧化碳及各种污染物,缓解城市热岛和减少雨水径流等方面发挥着重要作用。及时准确地获取树种信息是城市规划与绿化管理的先决条件,对进一步改善城市生态环境也具有重要意义。基于遥感技术,使用高空间分辨率的WorldView-2卫星影像,采用光谱、纹理、指数以及几何等多种特征相结合的面向对象方法,并通过随机森林进行特征选择,对福州大学旗山校区北部的榕树、杧果、香樟、重阳木、羊蹄甲、垂叶榕以及木棉7种主要绿化乔木进行树种分类。实地验证结果表明：通过特征选择可以减少或规避数据冗余以及休斯效应的产生,该方法可以提高现有同类型树种分类的精度,当淘汰全部特征的20%,利用34个特征（包括15个光谱特征、6个纹理特征、8个指数特征和5个几何特征）进行分类时,总精度最高,可达74.95%,Kappa系数为0.67。其中,光谱平均值的特征重要性最高,而各波段的标准差的重要性较低。WorldView-2卫星影像的4个新增波段,特别是黄光和红边波段及其构建的指数特征重要性较高,也说明这些波段在植被遥感,特别是树种分类中极具应用前景。  相似文献   

Geospatial data mining for digital raster mapping     

Bruce K. Wylie  Neal J. Pastick  Joshua J. Picotte  Carol A. Deering 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(3):406-429

We performed an in-depth literature survey to identify the most popular data mining approaches that have been applied for raster mapping of ecological parameters through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remotely sensed data. Popular data mining approaches included decision trees or “data mining” trees which consist of regression and classification trees, random forests, neural networks, and support vector machines. The advantages of each data mining approach as well as approaches to avoid overfitting are subsequently discussed. We also provide suggestions and examples for the mapping of problematic variables or classes, future or historical projections, and avoidance of model bias. Finally, we address the separate issues of parallel processing, error mapping, and incorporation of “no data” values into modeling processes. Given the improved availability of digital spatial products and remote sensing products, data mining approaches combined with parallel processing potentials should greatly improve the quality and extent of ecological datasets.  相似文献   

Assessing the ‘two water worlds’ hypothesis and water sources for native and exotic evergreen species in south‐central Chile          下载免费PDF全文

P. Hervé‐Fernández  C. Oyarzún  C. Brumbt  D. Huygens  S. Bodé  N. E. C. Verhoest  P. Boeckx 《水文研究》2016,30(23):4227-4241

Recent studies using water‐stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) have suggested an ecohydrological separation of water flowing to streams or recharging groundwater and water used by trees, known as the ‘two water worlds’ (TWW) hypothesis. In this study, we measured water isotopic composition in precipitation [open field and throughfall, i.e. local meteoric water line (LMWL)] and the mobile water compartment (i.e. stream and soil solution), bulk soil water and xylem water over a period of 1.5 years in two headwater catchments: NF, covered with old growth native evergreen forest (Aetoxicon punctatum, Laureliopsis philippiana and Eucriphya cordifolia), and EP, covered with 4 and 16‐year‐old Eucalyptus nitens stands. Our results show that precipitation, stream and soil solution plot approximately along the LMWL, while xylem waters from all studied tree species plot below the LMWL, supporting the TWW hypothesis. However, we also found evidence of ecohydrological connectivity during the wet season, likely controlled by the amount of antecedent precipitation. These observations hold for all investigated tree species. On both sites, a different precipitation source for stream and xylem water was observed. However, in EP, bulk soil showed a similar precipitation source as xylem water from both E. nitens stands. This suggests that E. nitens may use water that is recharging the bulk soil compartment. We conclude that under a rainy temperate climate, the TWW hypothesis is temporal and does not apply during wet seasons. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Developing millennial tree ring chronologies in the fire‐prone North American boreal forest     

DOMINIQUE ARSENEAULT  BENJAMIN DY  FABIO GENNARETTI  JULIA AUTIN  YVES BÉGIN 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(3):283-292

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基于决策树分类的大屯矿区地物信息提取及矿区污染分析     

于海若  燕琴  董春  战丽丽 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(4):67-69,72

本文在对国内外遥感图像分类方法充分研究分析的基础上,选择决策树分类法对大屯矿区的Landsat 8遥感图像进行分类研究。选取样本提取并分析研究区典型地类光谱特征曲线,依据光谱曲线特征和归一化植被指数建立了土地利用分类决策树模型,通过反复试验和修正,筛选出适宜大屯矿区地物分类的决策树最优阈值,对研究区进行分类和精度评价,最后通过分类结果对研究区的水体污染状况进行简要分析。  相似文献   

风暴分类识别技术在人工防雹中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

方德贤  李红斌  董新宁  丁建芳  濮文耀 《气象》2016,42(9):1124-1134

利用新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,在风暴跟踪识别算法的基础上,发展了风暴分类技术,以提高人工防雹作业指挥的效率。首先以SCIT算法为基础,结合风暴的结构特征,综合利用雷达、探空资料,自动提取风暴结构特征指数;其次采用基于决策树模型的风暴自动分类技术,将风暴按强度分为雷雨云、单体风暴、多单体风暴和强风暴;最后根据风暴强度、高度和位置等属性,对有可能产生冰雹的单体,结合GIS,自动对下游方向或附近作业点进行预警或输出作业参数。通过对2006—2014年期间重庆、辽宁大连和河南三门峡三地发生的较为典型的31次冰雹天气过程、182站次冰雹样本的检验来看:该方法通过对风暴按强度、垂直结构等综合属性进行分类,能有效提高冰雹识别的命中率、降低空报率,其中强风暴的命中率能达到100%,空报率仅为11.4%。能有效提高人工防雹作业的自动化程度,对防雹作业的科学决策有着重要参考作用。  相似文献   

顾及位置关系的网络POI地址信息标准化处理方法     

王勇  刘纪平  郭庆胜  罗安 《测绘学报》2016,45(5):623-630

针对互联网POI(兴趣点)地址信息中广泛存在的地址要素不完整、文字表达不一致等不规范现象,提出一种顾及位置关系的网络POI地址信息标准化处理方法,首先对POI信息进行切分提取并逐层匹配地址树模型;然后基于4种位置关系从标准POI库中选出相应集合,作为丰富和修正非标准POI地址要素的候选;最后通过最小粒度地址要素的回溯,实现POI地址信息的快速标准化处理。试验表明该方法可以获得较高的准确率,尤其适用于在互联网数据环境中的POI地址信息标准化。  相似文献