北部湾地区海砂填料的动力特性分析     

王家全  陈胜前  唐毅  黄世斌  黄钦政 《海洋工程》2020,38(5):149-155

为研究北部湾地区海砂填料的动力特性，采用高级动态三轴测试系统开展循环荷载下的动三轴试验，研究不同围压及不同动应力幅值对海砂动力特性的影响规律。试验结果表明：轴向累计应变随围压增加而减小，围压150 kPa时振次10 000后应变仅为3%；随着动应力幅值的增大轴向累积应变随之增大，且达到破坏标准的时间越短。动弹性模量随着动应力幅值和围压的增加而增大，不同围压下动弹性模量随动应变的增加出现先骤减再略减后稳定的发展趋势，ε_d>0.3%后开始趋于稳定；不同动应力幅值下动弹性模量出现先增后减直至稳定的趋势，其中动应力幅值对动弹性模量有明显的影响，围压影响相对较小。孔压比随动应力幅值增加而减小，随围压增加而增加。  相似文献   

琼胶/SiO₂复合纤维的制备及性能研究     

吴大伟  颜廷波  李腾飞  王应霞  肖玉斌  薛志欣  夏延致 《海洋科学》2020,44(10):39-45

利用湿法纺丝技术制备了琼胶/SiO₂复合纤维，对琼胶分子在溶液中的分散性、纺丝液流变性、纤维的形貌、化学结构分别用DLS、旋转黏度计、SEM、FTIR和XRD进行了表征，并对纤维的力学性能、热性能和吸湿性能进行了测定。研究结果表明：琼胶分子在溶液中呈纳米尺度分布，纺丝液具有良好的流动性；琼胶/纳米SiO₂复合纤维具有良好的形态。随着纳米SiO₂的添加量逐渐提高，复合纤维的力学拉伸强度先增强后降低，复合纤维的吸水性降低，复合纤维的热稳定性逐渐增强。结合复合纤维综合性能，纳米SiO₂的最佳添加质量分数为0.5%。  相似文献   

Development of large‐scale seismites in Upper Cretaceous fluvial sandstones in a fault‐proximal setting          下载免费PDF全文

Michael C. Wizevich  Edward L. Simpson  Hannah L. Hilbert‐Wolf  Sarah E. Tindall 《Sedimentology》2016,63(6):1719-1738

Large‐scale soft‐sediment deformation structures occur within fluvial sandstone bodies of the Upper Cretaceous Wahweap Formation in the Kaiparowits basin, southern Utah, USA. These structures represent an exceptional example of metre‐scale fault‐proximal, seismogenic load structures in nearly homogenous sandstones. The load structures consist of two types: large‐scale load casts and wedge‐shaped load structures. Large‐scale load casts penetrate up to 4·5 m into the underlying sandstone bed. Wedge‐shaped load structures include metre‐scale, parallel, sub‐vertical features and decimetre‐scale features along the periphery of the large‐scale load casts or other wedge‐shaped load structures. Wedge‐shaped load structures contain well‐developed, medial cataclastic shear deformation bands. All load structures contain pervasive well‐defined millimetre‐thick to centimetre‐thick internal laminae, oriented parallel to the outside form of the load structures and asymptotic to deformation bands. Both types of load structures formed because of an inverted density profile, earthquake‐triggered liquefaction and growth of irregularities (a Rayleigh–Taylor instability) on the sandstone–sandstone erosional contact. The internal laminae and deformation bands formed during deformation and clearly demonstrate polyphase deformation, recording a transition from liquefied to hydroplastic to brittle modes of deformation. Decimetre‐scale wedge‐shaped load structures on the edge of the large‐scale load casts probably formed towards the end of a seismic event after the sediment dewatered and increased the frictional contact of grains enough to impart strength to the sands. Metre‐scale wedge‐shaped load structures were created as the tips of downward foundering sediments were driven into fractures, which widened incrementally with seismic pulsation. With each widening of the fracture, gravity and a suction effect would draw additional sediment into the fracture. Superimposed laminae indicate a secondary syndeformational origin for internal laminae, probably by flow‐generated shearing and vibrofluidization mechanisms. Large‐scale and wedge‐shaped load structures, polyphase deformation and secondary laminae may characterize soft‐sediment deformation in certain fault‐proximal settings.  相似文献   

The interplay and effects of deformation and crystallized melt on the rheology of the lower continental crust,Fiordland, New Zealand     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

Microstructural, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and misorientation analyses of a migmatitic granulite-facies orthogneiss from the exhumed lower crust of a Cretaceous continental arc in Fiordland, New Zealand show how deformation was accommodated during and after episodes of melt infiltration and high-grade metamorphism. Microstructures in garnet, omphacite, plagioclase, and K-feldspar suggest that an early stage of deformation was achieved by dislocation creep of omphacite and plagioclase, with subsequent deformation becoming partitioned into plagioclase. Continued deformation after melt infiltration resulted in strain localization in the leucosome of the migmatite, where a change of plagioclase deformation mechanism promoted the onset of grain boundary sliding, most likely accommodated by diffusion creep, in fine recrystallized plagioclase grains. Our results suggest three distinctive transitions in the rheology of the lower crust of this continental arc, where initial weakening was primarily achieved by deformation of both omphacite and plagioclase. Subsequent strain localization in plagioclase of the leucosome indicates that the zones of former melt are weaker than the restite, and that changes in deformation mechanisms within plagioclase, and an evolution of its strength, primarily control the rheology of the lower crust during and after episodes of melting and magma addition.  相似文献   

Testing and modeling of the mechanical behavior of dolomite in the Wudongde hydropower plant     

J. C. Zhang  W. Y. Xu  H. L. Wang  Q. X. Meng 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2016,11(4):270-280

In order to understand the mechanical behaviours of the surrounding rocks in the underground caverns of the Wudongde hydropower plant, triaxial tests are performed on a type of dolomite. It is revealed that damage induced by crack development is the main factor controlling the nonlinear plastic deformation and failure behaviour of the dolomite in both pre- and post-peak regimes. Based on this understanding, a coupled elastoplastic damage model is developed for capturing the dolomite’s mechanical behaviours. In the model, the effects of plasticity and damage on rocks is described by introducing plastic hardening and damage softening commonly in the plastic yield surface. Which are both derived from a suitable Helmholtz free energy function. The model is used to simulate the triaxial tests. Comparisons between test results and the numerical modelling show that the developed model is capable of describing the macro mechanical behaviours of the Wudongde dolomite.  相似文献   

Stress‐dependent hardening and failure surfaces of dry sand     

W. Ehlers  O. Avci 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(8):787-809

During several triaxial compression experiments on plastic hardening, softening, and failure properties of dense sand specimens, it was found on various stress paths that the size of the failure surface was not constant. Instead, it changed depending on the current state of hydrostatic pressure. This finding is in contrast to the standard opinion consisting of the fact that the failure surface remains constant, once it has been reached during an experiment or in situ. In general, the behaviour of cohesionless granular‐material‐like sand is somehow characterised in between fluid and solid, where the solid behaviour results from the angle of internal friction and the confining pressure. Although the friction angle is an intrinsic material property, the confining pressure varies with the boundary conditions, thus defining different solid properties like plastic hardening, softening, and also failure. Based on our findings, it was the goal of the present contribution to introduce an improved setting for the plastic strain hardening and softening behaviour including the newly found yield properties at the limit state. For the identification of the material parameters, a complete triaxial experimental analysis of the tested sand is given. The overall elasto‐plasticity concept is validated by numerical computations of several laboratory foundation‐ and slope‐failure experiments. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with the standard concept of a constant failure surface, where the corresponding yield surfaces are understood as contours of equivalent plastic work or plastic strain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Lithospheric flexure on Venus     

Catherine L. Johnson  David T. Sandwell 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,119(2):627-647

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Evaluation of the Importance of Model Features For Cyclic Deformation Due to Dip-Slip Faulting   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Steven C. Cohen 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,119(3):831-841

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The singularity mystery associated with a radially continuous Maxwell viscoelastic structure     

Ming Fang  Bradford H. Hager 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,123(3):849-865

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泥浆体流变试验的比测     

泥浆体流变比测组 《山地学报》1993,(2)

这次泥浆体流变试验的比测使用了五种不同规格的旋转式粘度计,并把其测试结果与毛管式粘度计的测试结果作了对比。对比结果表明:若用旋转式粘度计测试具有非牛顿体特性的泥浆体,应尽可能采用具有转筒半径比(α=外筒半径R_c/内筒半径R_b)较小的测试室;若是用具有α>1.05的测试室测试,所得的数据则应作特殊处理。毛管式、旋转式两种粘度计的测试结果基本一致,并具相仿的精度。测试结果的离散程度超过仪器的测试误差。这有待进一步研究、查明原因。  相似文献